random

Question 1

Papez’s circuit

Answer 1

-Papez (1937) was among the first researchers to propose the existence of a neural circuit

-Play an important role in emotion, including certain areas of the cerebral cortex, the amygdala, and the hypothalamus.

Question 2

General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 2

Alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion

Question 3

maintains the body’s internal homeostasis

Answer 3

The hypothalamus also monitors the body’s internal states and initiates the responses needed to maintain homeostasis through its influence on the ANS and the pituitary and other endocrine glands

Question 4

Symptoms of seizures

Answer 4

(a) an aura that signals the onset of the seizure (e.g., a feeling, odor, or noise); (b) a loss of consciousness; and (c) some type of abnormal movement.

Question 5

Types of Seizures

Answer 5

Generalized seizures
Tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures include a tonic stage in which the muscles contract and the body stiffens; a clonic stage that involves rhythmic shaking of the limbs; and postictal (postseizure) depression or confusion with amnesia for the ictal event
Absence (petit mal) seizures
-brief attacks involving a loss of consciousness without
-prominent motor symptoms.
During an absence seizure, the person often -exhibits a “blank stare” with frequent eye blinking. There is some evidence that the thalamus plays a role in the generation of absence seizures

Partial seizures
-simple partial seizures do not involve a loss of consciousness,
-complex partial seizures entail some alteration in consciousness.
-begin in one side of the brain and affect one side of the body initially,

Question 6

Detect seizures

Answer 6

electroencephalograph (EEG), which is used to obtain evidence of abnormal electrical activity in the brain. In addition, CT, MRI, or other imaging technique may be used to determine if the seizures are related to a brain lesion or other abnormality.

Question 7

Seizure (Epilepsy)

Answer 7

Excessive glutamate receptor activity
abnormal electrical activity in the brain

Question 8

Stroke

Answer 8

o Sudden or gradual onset of neurological symptoms
o Disruption in blood supply to the brain

Question 9

Temporal lobe damage

Question 10

flow of information between the spinal cord and the brain

Question 11

Huntington’s disease

Question 12

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Answer 12

a. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone causes the pituitary gland in the brain to make and secrete the hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

b. Gonad gland secretes ovaries - estrogen, and progesterone; and testes – androgens (testosterone and androstenedione)
c. Estrogen and androgens are produced by both sexes.

Question 13

receptor blocker

Question 14

Levodopa (L-Dopa)

Question 15

central nervous system, conveying sensory information

Question 16

Hearing a certain musical tone when looking at a specific color is an example of

Question 17

reticular activating system

Question 18

Lesions in the right (nondominant) hemisphere of the cerebral cortex

Question 19

.
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Question 20

excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain

Question 21

acetylcholine

Question 22

neuron are transmitted

Question 23

benzodiazepine

Question 24

hypothalamus

Question 25

the practice of optimizing medication regimens

Question 26

contraindicated for individuals with anxiety and tension, anorexia, psychosis, or Tourette's Disorder

Question 27

The offspring of someone with Huntington's disease

Question 28

Propranolol and other beta-adrenergic blocking drugs

Question 29

As the result of an injury, Walter cannot recognize familiar objects by touch

Question 30

Which antidepressant is likely to have an initially high sedative effect

Question 31

chlorpromazine

Question 32

Long-term potentiation

Question 33

The most common side effects consistent with lithium

Question 34

anticholinergic effect

Answer 34

Anticholinergic effects are caused by several drugs including antipsychotics and tricyclic antidepressants. They include dry mouth, blurred vision, tachycardia, urinary retention, constipation, memory impairment, and confusion.

Question 35

cross-sectional images

Question 36

chromosomes and their abnormalities

Question 37

side effects of opioid use

Question 38

diagnosing seizures

Question 39

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

Question 40

In which of the following disorders does an elevated level of serotonin NOT play a role? Select one: A. Schizophrenia B. Autism Spectrum Disorder C. Anorexia Nervosa D. Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 40

The correct answer is D. Bulimia Nervosa (along with PTSD and OCD) is associated with low levels of serotonin. All of the other disorders are associated with elevated levels of serotonin. Answers A, B, and C: These disorders are all associated with elevated levels of serotonin.

Question 41

split-brain patient

Question 42

brain areas --> implicated in the regulation of emotion

Question 43

naltrexone treat alcohol

Question 44

Agrammatism, anomia, and articulation

Question 45

Glasgow Coma Scale

Question 46

eye has unique color receptors for each primary color

Question 47

Type A

Question 48

multiple sclerosis

Question 49

action potential is triggered in an axon

Question 50

inability to form memories for events that happened after brain damage

Question 51

neurotransmitter is implicated in eating, seizures, anxiety disorders, motor control, vision, and sleep

Question 52

Doxepin, Elavil, and Tofranil all belong to which category of drugs

Answer 52

The correct answer is D. These drugs are all TCAs. Answers A, B, and C: See rationale for Answer D.

Question 53

Tourette Syndrome

Question 54

restore sexual arousal

Question 55

entirely within the central nervous system

Question 56

REM rebound

Question 57

Which of the following is not true regarding traditional vs. atypical antipsychotics? Select one: A. alleviation of positive symptoms of Schizophrenia vs. alleviation of positive and negative symptoms of Schizophrenia. B. faster onset vs. slower onset C. anticholinergic side effects vs. reduced extrapyramidal side effects D. affect serotonin vs. affect glutamate

Answer 57

The correct answer is D. Both typical and atypical antipsychotics affect dopamine receptors but atypical antipsychotics also affect receptors for other neurotransmitters including serotonin and glutamate. Answer A: Typical antipsychotics treat positive symptoms but not negative. Atypical antipsychotics treat both negative and positive symptoms. Answer B: Typical antipsychotics have a faster onset of therapeutic effects while atypical antipsychotics have a slower onset. Answer C: Both types of antipsychotics have anticholinergic effects and extrapyramidal side effects but extrapyramidal side effects are less common with atypical antipsychotics.

Question 58

classify certain genes that influence various behavioral traits

Question 59

type of migraine

Question 60

Rapid breathing, cerebral hypoxia, chest pain, dizziness,

Question 61

side effect of a TBI

Question 62

type of seizure

Question 63

peripheral nervous system

Question 64

sexual dimorphism

Question 65

Red-green colorblindness

Question 66

Procedural memory

Question 67

somatropin (growth) hormone

Question 68

interhemispheric communication

Question 69

long-term memories

Question 70

Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, Tourette's disorder, OCD, and ADHD

Question 71

paraplegia

Question 72

deprivation of REM sleep

Question 73

membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

Question 74

theory of emotion

Answer 74

The James-Lange theory of emotions stresses the importance of peripheral factors and proposes that emotions are representations of bodily sensations. Answer B: The Cannon-Bard theory places emphasis on the brain mechanisms that mediate emotion. It suggests that emotional and bodily reactions to stimuli occur simultaneously. Answer C: The two-factor theory of emotion describes the subjective emotional experience as a result of the combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal as well as the environment in which it occurs.

Question 75

Cerebral cortex and emotion:

Answer 75

left (dominant) hemisphere govern happiness and other positive emotions; left hemisphere damage (especially damage to the left frontal lobe) produces catastrophic reactions such as severe depression, anxiety, aggression, and paranoia. right (non-dominant) hemisphere mediate sadness, fear, and other negative emotions: Damage to this hemisphere (especially when it involves the right parietal or temporal lobe) results in indifference, apathy, emotional lability, and/or undue cheerfulness and joking. When expressing emotion with their facial muscles, people generally show more intense emotions on the left side of the face (which is controlled by the right hemisphere).

Question 76

Amygdala and emotion

Answer 76

-attaching emotion to memory -incoming sensory information -responsible for the immediate feeling of fear we experience when faced with a dangerous or threatening situation -Electrical stimulation of the amygdala can produce a fear and/or rage response -lesions can result in a lack of response to situations that would ordinarily elicit strong emotions

Question 77

Hypothalamus and emotion

Answer 77

Through its influence on the ANS and pituitary gland -translation of emotions into physical responses Damage - rage response, while damage to other areas causes uncontrollable laughter