random

Question 1

features of a report and what they include

Answer 1

abstract- brief summary, helps psychologists decide if the journal will be useful for them

introduction- intrdouces to subject area, informs them of background research, past theories, hypothesis stated

methods- everything but instructions and materials. Needs to be detailed and replicable, includes things like sample

results- descriptive and statisitical data, including decision on hypothesis

discussion- summary of fidnings/ results and explanation. Discuss limitations, suggest implications and further improvements

references- any references used. using Harvard referencing

appendices- raw data, standardised instructions, debrief and consent forms.

Question 2

what are the 4 ethical considerations and the ethical considerations that come under them or what do they mean

Answer 2

1. respect
   -informed consent, R2W and confidentiality
2. Competence
   -doing tasks they are qualified to do
3. responsibiltiy
   -responsibility to the general public and profession and science of psychology,
   includes protection of pps, and debriefing
4. integrity
   - being honest, accuracy, clarity, fairness and integirty
   includes deception

Question 3

strengths and weaknesses of breaking ethical guidlines

Answer 3

-no demand characteristics, improving internal validity
- for greater good, practical applications can help society.

weaknesses-
damage reputation,
deters futures pps
can’t replicate if unethical, lowers internal reliability

Question 4

4 ways to overcome ethical guidelines

Answer 4

debrief
presumptive consent (ask pps similar to the sample)
retrospective consent (ask after)
identify pps using pseudonym/ number to ensure confidentiality

Question 5

what is peer review and the purpose of it

Answer 5

review done by an expert in the same field, is a review of psychological research
3 purposes:
- allocation of research funding
-ensure publication of research is accurate
- assess uni deparmnets

it is done anonymously

Question 6

criticims of peer review

Answer 6

as anonymous could sabotage and overly criticise a rival piece of work
institutional bias
gender bias
file draw phenomenom

Question 7

types of validity

Answer 7

internal- test measures what it set to measure
face- looks like it will measure what its supposed to
contrsuct- measures all aspects of behaviour involved

criterion- extent a test reflects certain abilities to predict behaviour
including
-concurrent- whether test correlates with previous research
-predictive- whether it can predict certain beahviours

external are ecological and population

Question 8

2 ways to improve inter rater reliability

Answer 8

fully operationalised behaviour categoies

pilot study
- small scale investigation beforehand to check and alter behavioural categories

Question 9

how to improve internal reliability and how to test for it

Answer 9

standardisation

split half method- splitting a test in half and putting repeat questions

Question 10

how to improve external relaiblity and how to test for it

Answer 10

quantative data

test retest method

Question 11

what are scientific principles and what do they mean

Answer 11

cause and effect
falsifcation- being able to prove something isnt true
replicability
objective
induction-fidning evidence for a hypothesis
deduction- finding a hypothesis for evidence
hypothesis testing
manipulation of variables
control and standardisati
quantifiable measures-vlaue that can be counted or expressed as a number