self reports Flashcards
(13 cards)
what are 3 factors that should be considered when creating questionnaires and what does this mean
ensuring clarity- written in a clear way and easily understood
analysis- include both qualitative and quantatitve data to understand behaviour
bias- none of questions should be written in bias, no leading questions etc
what is a semantic differential scale and example of one
meausres peoples opinions using opposite words
easy to measure peoples attitudes
fro example
interesting boring
simple confusing
what is a tick list and example
given range of options and select applicable answer
e,g, what subjects do you study?
-maths ___ english ___ science ___
what is a select the most appropriate answer and example
respondent given selection of options and choose one they relate closest to
e.g. how much homework have you done?
less than 10 hours ___
11-15 hours ___
more than 15 -__
what is a rating scale and example
give number to represent their views or feelings
how much stress do you feel at home?
a lot of stress 5 4 3 2 1 no stress at all
what is a likert scale and example
given a statemnet and asked the extent they agree
psychology is the best suject
strong agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, strongly disagree
two weaknesses of closed questions
limited for choices so may not relate to an answer, lowers internal validity
doesn;t give explanation why
why is conducting a pilot study good for questionnaires
can identify issues with qs and change
test out clarity
what is a structured interview
strengths and weaknesses of it
all predetermined questions before interview takes place
research does not stray from set questions
strenghts- easy replicated, internal reliability, scientific
greater efficiency
questions ensured for no bias beforehand
weaknesses- ignores lines of interest, cant find out more lowering internal validity
seems more rigid, pps feel less comfortable in sharing info
what is an unstrucutred interview
and strenghts and weaknesses of it
more of a free flowing conversation
may have a few intial questions but rest are spontaenous
questions often based off lines of interest
strengths-allows to obtain further more info so higher internal validity
seems less rigid, more conversational tone
weaknesses- hard to replicate
spontaneous questions may be bias as not though through
difficlut to analyse
evaluation of questionnaires with-
-time consuming
-research effects
-SDB
-clarity
-opportunity to gain insight
not very time consuming, pps complete in own time
no risk of research effects as not present
open to a degree of SDB, may give answers that look more favourable
pps can;t ask for question to be rephrased, answer is meaningless if they do not understand it, lowering internal valditiy
can only gain some insight if open question
evaluation of interviews with-
-how time consuming
-risk of researcher effects
-risk of SDB
-clarity
-opportunity to gain insight
more time consuming, prepare questions, ask them and note respones
researchers behaviour like ways they phrase behaviour may influence answers
high risk to SDB especially because face to face
participants can asked for question to be rephrased or check meaning,
strong opportunity to gain more in sight and detail especially in unstrucutred interview
