Random cardio anatomy questions

Question 1

What 3 arteries branch off the aortic arch (from left to right anteriorly)?

Answer 1

Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid
Left subclavian

Question 2

Where is the opening of the Right coronary artery?

Answer 2

The right aortic sinus

Question 3

Where is the opening of the Left coronary artery?

Answer 3

The left aortic sinus

Question 4

Where is the origin of the Right marginal artery?

Answer 4

Right coronary artery

Question 5

Where is the origin of the Circumflex artery?

Answer 5

Left coronary artery

Question 6

Where is the origin of the Left marginal artery?

Answer 6

Circumflex branch

Question 7

Where does the thoracic aorta lie?

Answer 7

It lies posterior to the root of the left lung, the pericardium, and the oesophagus

Question 8

How does the thoracic aorta change as it passes down the body?

Answer 8

It changes to the abdominal aorta anterior to the inferior border of the T12 vertebra, and it enters the abdomen through the aortic hiatus (opening) in the diaphragm.
- The aorta bifurcates into the left and right common iliac arteries at L4.

Question 9

What is the origin of the Vagus (CN X) nerve?

Answer 9

8-10 rootlets from medulla of brainstem

Question 10

What is the origin of the phrenic nerve?

Answer 10

Anterior rami of C3-C5 nerves

Question 11

What is the origin of intercostals (1-11) nerves?

Answer 11

Anterior rami of T1-T11 nerves

Question 12

What is the origin of the subcostal nerve?

Answer 12

Anterior ramus of T12 nerve

Question 13

What is the origin of the Recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Answer 13

Vagus nerve

Question 14

What is the origin of the cardiac plexus?

Answer 14

Cervical and cardiac branches of vagus nerve and sympathetic trunk

Question 15

What is the origin of the pulmonary plexus?

Answer 15

Vagus nerve and sympathetic trunk

Question 16

What is the origin of the esophageal plexus?

Answer 16

Vagus nerve, sympathetic ganglia and greater splanchnic nerve

Question 17

What does the posterior mediastinum contain?

Answer 17

• Thoracic aorta
• Thoracic duct
• Posterior mediastinal lymph nodes
• Azygos and hemi-azygos veins
• Oesophagus
• Thoracic sympathetic trunks
• Thoracic splanchnic nerves

Question 18

What is the origin of the ascending aorta?

Answer 18

Aortic orifice of left ventricle

Question 19

What is the origin of the arch of aorta?

Answer 19

Continuation of ascending aorta

Question 20

What is the origin of the thoracic aorta?

Answer 20

Continuation of arch of aorta

Question 21

What is the origin of the posterior intercostal arteries?

Answer 21

Posterior aspect of thoracic aorta

Question 22

What is the origin of the bronchial arteries?

Answer 22

Anterior aspect of aorta or posterior intercostal artery

Question 23

What is the origin of the Oesophageal arteries?

Answer 23

Anterior aspect of thoracic aorta

Question 24

What is the origin of the superior phrenic artery(ies)?

Answer 24

Anterior aspect of thoracic aorta

Question 25

What structures are in the superior mediastinum?

Answer 25

- Thymus - Trachea - Oesophagus - Thoracic duct - Arch of aorta - Superior vena cava

Question 26

What structures are in the anterior mediastinum?

Answer 26

- Fat (adipose tissue) - Some lymphatic vessels - Branches of the internal thoracic vessels

Question 27

What structures are in the middle mediastinum?

Answer 27

- Heart - Pericardium - Ascending aorta - Pulmonary trunk - Superior vena cava - Cardiac plexus - Phrenic nerves

Question 28

Which fetal shunt connects the aorta to the pulmonary artery?

Answer 28

Ductus arteriosus

Question 29

What 4 sections can the aorta be divided into?

Answer 29

- Ascending aorta - Aortic arch - Thoracic (descending) aorta - Abdominal aorta

Question 30

At what level does the aorta bifurcate?

Answer 30

L4 | - It bifurcates into the left and right common iliac arteries.

Question 31

What is coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 31

It refers to narrowing of the vessel, usually at the insertion of the ligamentum arteriosum (former ductus arteriosus). - It is a congenital condition. - The narrow vessel has an increased resistance to blood flow, which increases the after-load for the left ventricle – leading to left ventricular hypertrophy.