Wet room - practical 2 Flashcards
What is pleura?
A double layer of serous membranes that surround each lung.
- Consisting of an outer parietal layer and the inner visceral layer, separated by a thin film of fluid.
What is the space between the 2 pleural membranes known as?
Pleural space or cavity
Which layer of the pleura enters and lines the fissures of the lungs?
Inner visceral pleura
Which layer of the pleura is sensitive to pain?
Parietal pleura
Which nerves supply pain sensation to the pleura?
Intercostal and Phrenic nerves
What pleura lies on the superior surface of the diaphragm?
The diaphragmatic pleura
What pleura lines the inner surfaces of the ribs and sternum?
The costal pleura
What could occur when pleural fluid increases due to inflammation/infection?
The lungs will collapse
What is a pleural reflection?
A pleural reflection occurs when the parietal pleura lining one surface of the chest wall changes its direction to line another surface
What is a pleural recess?
Formed from a pleural reflection by the parietal pleura being more widely separated from the visceral pleura during expiration
What is a pleural effusion?
Needle aspiration of excessive accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
What nerve supplies the mediastinal and diaphragmatic parietal pleura?
The phrenic nerve
What nerve supplies the remainder of the parietal pleura?
The intercostal nerves
How is the visceral pleura innervated?
The visceral pleura only has autonomic innervation (for stretch).
- Visceral pleura is innervated by the vagus nerve and sympathetic fibres. It is insensitive to pain stimuli.
What are the landmarks for lung-rib attachments?
6, 8, 10
What are the landmarks for parietal pleura-rib attachments?
8, 10 ,12
How many intercostal spaces difference is there between the inferior border of the lung and parietal pleura at each landmark line?
2 spaces
What organ occupies the notch seen in the anterior border of the left lung between ribs 4-6?
The heart
Which rib does the oblique fissure follow?
The 6th rib
What level of rib does the horizontal fissure lie at?
The 4th rib
What vertebrae does the posterior border of each lung extend from and to?
From vertebra C7 to T10
Between which ribs is the cardiac notch present?
Between ribs 4-6 anteriorly
- The cardiac notch is only present on the left lung
Which of the left or right dome of the diaphragm lies more superior during normal expiration?
Right dome due to the liver (which is inferior to the right dome).
Which 3 main structures pass through the diaphragm?
- Oesophagus
- Inferior vena cava
- Descending aorta
