random theory 1 Flashcards
(488 cards)
1
Q
Where are the Clutha & Kawarau Rivers?
A
Central Otago; Alexandra, Bendigo & Wanaka on Clutha / Gibbston on Kawarau
2
Q
2 sub-GIs of Canterbury
A
Waipara GI & Northern Canterbury GI ***Waipara within N Canterbury
3
Q
What major bodies of water surround Tasmania?
A
Indian Ocean (W), Bass Strait (N), Tasman Sea (E), Southern Ocean (S)
4
Q
Which parent company owns Kim Crawford?
A
Constellation Brands
5
Q
3 geographic features of Marlborough for quality wine production
A
long days, cold nights (DTS), lots of sun, dry autumns (except 2017 / 2018!)
6
Q
Name 2 (unofficial) subregions of Hawke’s Bay on the Ngaruroro R
A
Gimblett Gravels WG District, Bridge Pa & Ohiti
7
Q
Marlborough’s new wine law system is called what? Name 3 reqs
A
a) Appellation Marlborough Wine (AMW) b) 100% Marlborough grapes, bottled in NZ, 100% sustainable (cert by “Sustainable Winegrowing NZ”), lower yields
8
Q
Soils of Martinborough
A
Gravel (free-draining / alluvial) of the Martinborough Terrace
9
Q
NZ’s oldest, continuously-operating winery; Australia?
A
Mission Estate (Hawke’s Bay); Wyndham Estate (Hunter Valley)
10
Q
What is the climate of NZ?
A
Maritime (except Central Otago)
11
Q
Top 2 (unofficial) regions of Nelson
A
Waimea Plains & Moutere Hills
12
Q
Country-wide sustainability organization of NZ
A
Sustainable Winegrowing New Zealand
13
Q
What is the name of NZ’s wine law? When is it established & implemented?
A
Geographic Indications Registration Act; est 2006 & implemented 2017
14
Q
Top 2-producing NZ GIs
A
Marlborough, Hawke’s Bay
15
Q
What winery controls the majority of Marlborough’s vineyards?
A
Brancott E
16
Q
Which Champagne house 1st invests in NZ? What decade? Which GI? Name of winery?
A
a) Deutz (Deutz x Montana); b) 1988 c) Marlborough d) LINDAUER
17
Q
When does Gimblett Gravels WG District b/c official?
A
2001
18
Q
What is Poverty Bay also known as?
A
Gisborne
19
Q
Samuel Marsden is associated with what winemaking country?
A
NZ - plants 1st vines in 1819 @ Northland
20
Q
Name 3 producers of Martinborough
A
Ata Rangi, Palliser E, Dry River, Kusuda ($$$)
21
Q
Nelson lies on what 2 bays to the north? (name the 2 bays of Nelson)
A
Tasman Bay & Golden Bay
22
Q
2 important viti innovations of the 1980s/1990s (NZ)
A
Canopy Mgmt & Site Selection
23
Q
Who produces “Coddington”, “Huntington Hill” & “Maté’s Vineyard”?
A
Kumeu River
24
Q
What is the smallest (unofficial) sub-region of Central Otago?
A
Wanaka ***also N-most
25
2 factors that contribute to NZ's growth in the 2nd half of the 20th ce
1. Jetliners make travel viable 2. 1986 vine pull scheme (VV replaces hybrids - huge increase in Sauv Blanc)
26
What is the most-planted white grape of Central Otago?
Pinot Gris
27
What is NZ Winegrowers Assoc?
2002; promotes unified face for NZ wine (all growers/producers are members)
28
Top 2 most-planted grapes of Central Otago
```
#1) PN
#2) PINOT GRIS
```
29
North Island's driest climate
Hawke's Bay
30
Vinoptima & Millton are producers in what GI?
Gisborne
31
Soils of Marlborough
Free-draining glacial soils: stony gravel & sandy loams; clay & loess hillsides
32
The unofficial sub-regions of Hawke's Bay are divided into what 4 general areas?
Hillsides, River Valleys, Alluvial Plains, Coastal Areas
33
3 factors that negatively affected the NZ wine industry in the early 1900s
Temperence Movement
Depression
Isolationism
34
The Raukumura Ranges & Waipoa River are geographic features of what wine region?
Gisborne GI
35
Most-common trellising NZ
VSP
36
Who produces NZ's 1st varietal wine? Grape / region?
Montana; Gisborne CH
37
In what decade was first vines planted in NZ? Australia?
NZ: 1819 (1830s 1st production @ Busby's Waitangi E on Northland)
Australia: 1788 (1st VV 1830)
38
Name the sub-GIs of Hawke's Bay
Central Hawke's Bay GI
39
In what NZ GI will you find the Waitakere Ranges?
Auckland ***creates RSE for Waiheke Island
40
This region produces NZ's smallest production
Waikato ***ironic b/c aka Bay of Plenty
41
What are the 3-most planted grapes of NZ (in order)?
#1) SB #2) PN #3) CH #4) PG #5) MRT
42
Where are the Tararua Ranges, the Aorangi Ranges & the Ruamahanga River?
Martinborough ***Tararua Ranges create RSE in Martinborough
43
Name 3 major rivers of Hawke's Bay that define the region's diverse soils
Esk R, Ngaruroro R, Tukituki R
44
What is the most-planted grape of Canterbury? Waitaki Valley?
Pinot Noir
45
What is the body of water that separates Waiheke Island from the mainland?
The Hauraki Gulf
46
Cloudy's Bay's sparkling wine is called what? Grape?
Pelorus (CH/PN)
47
In what decade does Vitis Vinifera replace hybdrids?
1970s
48
Dog Point & Oyster Bay are producers where?
Marlborough
49
Name the official and unofficial subregions of Wairarapa
Official: Martinborough GI, Gladstone GI; Unofficial: Masterton
50
Who produces Coleraine, Awatea & Bullnose?
Te Mata
51
Felton Road & Mt Difficulty are in what Central Otago subzone? Rippon?
Felton Road, Mt Difficulty: Bannockburn
| Rippon: Wanaka
52
What mountain range divides Wairau & Awatere Valleys?
(Marlborough) Wither Ranges
53
Kusuda is a producer located in what GI of NZ?
Martinborough (expensive!!!)
54
Golden Slope & Ormond Valley are unofficial regions of what GI?
Gisborne
55
Who produced the 1st Marlborough Sauv Blanc and in what decade?
a) Montana (now Brancott E) b) 1979 (1st commercial plantings of Marlborough 1973)
56
2 benefits of Dr Smart's Canopy Mgmt
a) Reduce Green Flavors by Controlling Vigor b) Combat Fungal Disease c) Prevent Sunburn
57
T or F: to use the "Gimblett Gravels Winegrowing District" on label, the wine must be made from BDX varietals or Syrah
False; grape variety not specified (95% grapes from area / 95% soil type)
58
In what wine region will you find the Te Muna Terraces? Who owns them?
a) Martinborough (Wairarapa) b) Craggy Range (even tho producer based in Hawke's Bay) ***don't confuse w/ Te Mata Special Character Zone in Hawke's Bay
59
Puriri Hills is a producer in what NZ wine region?
(Clevedon) Auckland
60
Most-planted grape of Auckland
Chardonnay
61
In what NZ GI is the unofficial region of "Bay of Islands" located?
Northland GI
62
Name 2 MVSWGA members that produce Scarce Earth Wines
d'Arenberg, Clarendon Hills, Chapel Hill, Gem Tree
63
What is the Gladstone Line? What geographic feature does it border?
Line of longitude that markes E boundary of viticulture in Margaret River (115*18 E) → E border / follows Whicher Ranges
64
Top 3 most-planted W grapes of Australia
1) CH 2) SB 3) Pinot Gris!
65
Henschke's Langton Exceptional wine & inaugural vintage
"Hill of Grace" (1958); Mt Edelstone (1952) ***both EXCEPTIONALS
66
What are the "secret" vintages of Penfold's Grange?
1957, 1958, 1959
67
What is Penfold's Langton Exceptional Cabernet? What is it named after?
Bin 707; ***Cab version of Grange; named after Boeing 707 that permitted Ausies to travel & ultimately produce high-quality wines
68
What is "Artisans of Barossa"?
Organization of 7 producers working together to promote small-batch / sub-regional Barossa winemaking; J Duvall, Spinifex, Schwarz Wine Co, Massena
69
Name 3 producers based in Eden Valley
Henschke, Pewsey Vale, Yalumba
70
#1-planted grape of Yarra Valley GI
CHARDONNAY (no malo, no N.O.); followed by PN
71
2 GIs the Murray River flows through
Snowy Mtns - Lake Alexandrina; Tumbarumba GI, Rutherglen GI, Goulburn V, Perricoota S, Murray Darling GI / Swan Hill GI, Riverland GI
72
S-most zone of the Limestone Coast Zone
Mt Gambier
73
Soil of Yarra
```
Upper Yarra (S): Red Basalt
Lower Yarra (N): Grey Brown Sandy Clay Loam
```
74
What is Durif?
Petit SIRAH
75
Name the Ausie wine states & decade of 1st vines; 1st vitis Vinifera?
1) NSW: 1788 (1831 VV), 2) Tasmania: 1823, 3) W Australia: 1829, 4) Victoria: 1838, 5) S Australia: 1842
76
When do vines arrive in South Australia? Who brings them? Where?
1842: Johan Gramp est Orlando wines & plants vines in Rowland Flat (BV)
77
Name 2 factors that contribute to the concentration of Margaret River's Chardonnay
A) winds during flowering reduce crop B) tiny-berried Gingin clone is prone to millerandage
78
What mountain range marks the eastern & southern boundary of McLaren Vale?
Sellicks Hill Range (vs Skilly Hills which are part of the Mount Lofty Ranges)
79
Soil of Margaret River
Red Gravely Loam over Granite BR
80
What year marks the beginning of mass-production in Australia? Why?
1912; Murray Irrigation Area
81
Zone of the Cowra GI
Central Ranges Zone
82
Top vintages of the 1990's (aka the "breakout vintages")
1990 / 1991, 1998 ***1998 also GREAT in Southern Rhone
83
Margaret River's "First Five"
Vasse Felix, Cape Mentelle, Cullen, Leeuwin, Mosswood *Very Clever Cats Like Milk
84
Name the GIs of the SW Australia Zone
Geographe GI, Margaret River GI, Blackwood Valley GI, Manjimup GI, Pemberton GI, Great Southern GI
85
Cliamte of Coonawarra? Barossa Valley?
Coonawarra: Cool Mediterranean; Barossa V: Mediterranean
86
___ plants SW Australia's 1st vines in ___ in ___.
Thomas Waters; 1829; Swan Valley
87
Name the GIs of Southern NSW Zone
Canberra District GI, Gundagai GI, Hilltops GI, Tumbarumba GI
88
Who is credited w/ saving OV Barossa Shiraz from extinction in the 1980s?
Peter Lehmann
89
Soils of Hunter Valley
A) W alluvial LOAM & SAND; [B) Red Volcanic (Pokolbin / higher up)]
90
Name the bodies of water that surround Margaret River
Geographe Bay (N), Indian Ocean (W) & S Ocean (S)
91
World's oldest Shiraz? Year planted?
Langmeil's "Freedom" V; 1843
92
Penfold's iconic white wine aka the white version of Grange
Yattarna (Bin 144); CHARDONNAY; (Adelaide Hills & Tasmania)
93
What was Margaret River's first commercial wine?
(1st experimental plantings in 1966); 1971 Dr. Tom Cullity’s Vasse Felix label produced the first commercial Margaret River wine—Riesling
94
What was the first GI of Australia & in what year?
Tasmania GI (1994)
95
What is Australia's multi-state zone?
South Eastern Australia
96
Producers association of Rutherglen
Winemakers of Rutherglen (prev Muscat of Rutherglen NW)
97
Sullivan's Cove is a producer of what? Country?
Australia; Single Malt Whisky
98
Name 3 unofficiall sub-regions of Clare Valley GI
Auburn, Polish Hill, Sevenhill, Watervale
99
What is Terra Rossa? What are the benefits?
(Friable) iron-oxide clay over LS ***good drainage for a clay-based soil w/ good water retention for dry summers
100
Maurice O'Shea is associated with what W?
Mt Pleasant (Hunter Valley)
101
What are the 3-most-planted W grape of Barossa?
Riesling, CH, Semillon
102
Who produces "O'Riada" & "Murrumbateman" Shiraz?
Clonakilla
103
Torbreck's most expensive bottling
The Laird (vs Langton Exceptional "RunRig") ***he saves the best bottle for drinking in his laird
104
On a scale of 1 to 5, describe 2018 in Australia
5 (the best!!)
105
Name 3 properties that border Petrus
VCC, Hosanna, Lafleur, L'Evangille, Gazin
106
What category of French wine law that served as a stepping stone from Vin de Pays to AOC is phased out in 2011?
VDQS
107
What is the commune & classification of Chx Haut-Brion
Pessac; 1855 Classification of BDX 1st Growth (Premier Cru Classe) & Classification of Graves ("Cru Classé"); ***only chx that is classified in both
108
Assemblage for: Haut Brion
Palmer
Cheval Blanc
Figeac
Haut Brion: 45 MRT / 44 CS / 10 CF / 1 PV Palmer: 47 MRT / 47 CS / 6 PV ***NO CAB FRANC Cheval Blanc: 50 CF / 47 MRT / 3 CS" Figeac: 35 CS / 35 CF / 30 MRT
109
1st BDX chateaux to 100% estate-bottle; in what decade?
Mouton-Rothschild; 1924
110
What are the communes of Sauternes from N to S?
Barsac, Preignac, Bommes, Sauternes, Fargues ***(you go to the) Bar (to) Pray (on) Bitches Sipping Fernet
111
Name 3 vintages of the 2000s / 1990s in which R bank does better than L bank
1998, 2001, 2008
112
Who puts on the annual en primeur tasting in Bordeaux?
Union des Grands Crus de Bordeaux
113
Name the appellation of Chx Roc de Cambes
Bourg AOC (synonymous w/ Cotes de Bourg AOC / Bourgeais AOC)
114
What is the name of Count Alexandre de Lur Saluces' Sauternes winery?
Chx de Fargues
115
What is "Les Exceptionnels"? Name 2 members (aka name 3 members who leave the Cru Bourgeois classification)
```
Organzation of 6 out of the 8 former Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnels (now all unclassified): Chx Chasse-Spleen (Moulis-en-Medoc)
Chx Poujeux (Moulis-en-Medoc)
Les Ormes-de-Pez (St Estephe)
Chx de Pez (St Estephe)
Chx Potensac (Medoc)
Chx Siran (Margaux)
```
116
Commune and classification of La Tour Blanche
Bommes (Sauternes); Premier Cru
117
What is the min abv & max yields for St Emilion GC AOC?
11.5% abv; 46 hl/ha
118
Name 3 vintages in which there was no Chx d'Yquem production
2012, 1992, 1974 / 1972, 1964, 1952 / 1951, 1930, 1915 / 1910; 9 x not produced in 20th ce / 10 times total no production
119
What separates Lalande-de-Pomerol AOC from Pomerol AOC?
```
Barbanne R (also separates St Emilion from Satellites)
***Isle R separates Fronsac AOC / Canon-Fronsac AOC from Pomerol
```
120
What is the appellation & classification of Chx Bouscaut
Pessac-Leognan; (Classification of Graves) Grand Cru Classee (W & R)
121
When does harvest in Sauternes take place?
b/g of September - November
122
Chateau d'Yquem contains on average how much sugar?
120-140 g/l RS; ***b/f LVMH ownership, < RS (80-120)
123
What vintage of the 1990s is there no Cheval Blanc & Petrus (grand vin) production?
1991 (couldn't follow up a year like 1990!!!)
124
What former St-Emilion satellite appellation was absorbed into Montagne St Emilion?
Parsac St Emilion
125
In what decade does it become mandatory for 1855 classified growths to be estate bottled? St Emilion?
Classified Growths: 1972 (yr before Mouton Rothschild promoted!); St Emilion: 1969
126
Which Cotes de Bordeaux AOC sub-zone is permitted to produce sweet whites?
Francs & St-Foy
127
Name the 3 classified growths that remain in their original families?
Mouton-Rothschild, Leoville-Barton, Langoa-Barton
128
In what decade does En Primeur go public?
1980's
129
Chateau Gaby calls what appellation home?
Canon-Fronsac AOC
130
The vines of Leoville-Las Casses border which famous estate?
Chx Latour
131
Name 2 methods of must concentration used in BDX
a) reverse osmosis b) vacuum distillation c) saignee
132
Communal AOC of Medoc w/ highest % classified growths
St Julien (85%)
133
What species of grape is permitted under PDO? PGI?
PDO: vitis vinifera only; PGI: vitis vinifera or cross b/w vitis vinifera & another vitis species (so no Noah / Isabelle / etc) ***aka no hybrids
134
All second growths of Saint-Julien fall within what commune?
Saint-Julien Beychevelle
135
What is the "Jurade de St Emilion"?
Oldest wine society in France aimed at promoting appellation
136
Name one reason why Barsac produces fresher wines than the rest of Sauternes
LS-base soils (vs gravel in Sauternes)
137
What is the encepagement of Chx Lascombes in descending order?
MERLOT, Cab Sauv, Petit Verdot
138
BDX AOC rose vs clairet grapes
Rose: R + max 20% W
Clairet: R grapes only
139
Who is the winemaker of Petrus?
Olivier Berrouet
140
What is Cab Franc called on the R-bank?
Bouchet
141
What effect did the frost of 1956 have on the encepagement of the vineyards of the RB?
MRT takes over plantings (goodbye Cab Franc)
142
What historical event brings Bordeaux back under French rule (after English rule) in the year ___?
1453; Hundred Years War
143
Name the 3 areas of Pomerol & associated soil
1) Plateau (NE): clay (includes Buttonhole / blue clay / Hill of Petrus @ top / NE corner) 2) Terraces: slopes of plateau; sand, gravel, clay (Crasse de Fer) 3) Flats: sand
144
What is the soil of Pomerol?
Crasse de Fer (iron-rich clay)
145
Pomerol sits on what bank of the ____ River?
LEFT bank of the Barbanne River (below the Barbanne, along w/ St Emilion AOC)
146
In what century does viticulture b/c possible in the Medoc?
1600s
147
How many classified growths of the Medoc? Sauternes?
61 (R) & 27 (Sauternes)
148
Who requests that the chateaux of Bordeaux be classified in 1855? Who does the actual ranking?
a) Napoleon III ***BDX Chamber of Commerce & Industry does the actual ranking
149
What is the blend of Chx d'Yquem?
75 Sem / 25 SB
150
What is the most-planted grape of the RB?
MERLOT (70 MRT / 30 CF)
151
Chx Trottie Vieille - commune / class
St Emilion GC "1er GC Classee B"
152
Trellising of LB vs RB
LB: double guyot; RB: single guyot
153
In what year does Latour leave En Primeur? What is the last vintage on the Place de BDX?
Leave in 2012; 2011 last vintage on PdB
154
Name the commune & classification of Chx Filhot
Sauternes; Deuxieme Cru (2nd growth)
155
What river separates St Emilion from its satellite appellations to the N?
Barbanne R ***b/c Isle River flows N of the satelites "Isle / island in the sky"
156
What area of Bordeaux has the highest rainfall?
Pessac-Leognan
157
Which 2 classified growths of the Medoc have more MRT than Cab Sauv?
Haut Brion & Lascombes
158
What AOC of BDX mandates the longest elevage?
Blaye AOC; Mar 31, 2nd yr ***longest of BDX
159
Aside from BDX, name 2 other regions where Muscadelle is a featured grape
Monbazillac AOC & Rutherglen GI (Topaque)
160
Name the rivers of Sauternes
Ciron R & Garonne
161
What is the ecepagement of Chx Figeac?
35 CS / 35 CF / 30 MRT
162
Name 3 regions in climate zone B & max chaptalization adjustment
Alsace, Champagne, Loire; max 2%
163
Why are vines trained higher in the RB in comparison to the LB?
RB: trained higher to protect vs frost (cold air sinks); vs LB trained low to ground to absorb heat from soil
164
Name the 2nd growths of Pauillac - full & shortened names
Chx Pichon Baron (Chateau Pichon-Longueville Baron) & Chx Pichon Lalande (Chx Pichon-Longueville Comtesse de Lalande)
165
What is micro-bullage? Name the 3 reasons why a producer would utilize it
Micro-Boullage = micro-oxygenation; a) stabilize color b) soften tannins c) counter reduction
166
1st non-BDX wine sold on Places de BDX
Almaviva & Concha y Toro in 1996
167
The L'Enclos Vineyard is the source of what classified growth's grand vin?
Latour
168
What is the minimum score for St Emilion 1er GC Classées properties? What are the 5 criterea that are evaluated?
1er GC Classée A: 17 / 20
1er GC Classée B: 16 / 20
GC Classée: 14 / 20
Soil, Terroir, Tasting, Reputation, WM Facility
169
What does Chx Tertre Roteboeuf label under?
St Emilion Grand Cru (AOC)
170
Where are the Claro V, Lancomilla V & Tutuven V DOs?
Zonal DOs of Maule; Teno & Lontue in CURICO
171
Min % stated grape Argentina vs Chile
Chile: 75% V/V/Reg
Arg: 80% (85% Lujan de Cuyo)
172
How long does Lujan de Cuyo DOC have to age for?
2 yrs (1yr oak/1yr bottle)
173
Styles / grapes under Valle dos Vinedos
W: CH, R: MRT, Sparkling: PN/CH
174
Merlot is mistaken for Carmenere until what year?
1994
175
When were Chile's first wine laws put in place? When is DO system put in place?
WL: 1985; DO: 1995
176
What is Chile's highest winegrowing DO?
Elqui DO
177
The Camanchaca fog is a major geographic influence to what DO?
Limari DO
178
What Regional DO lies within thte province of Valparaiso? O'Higgins
Valparaiso: Aconcagua Valley
| O'Higgins: Rapel Valley ***Maipo in Santiago
179
What are the DOs of San Antonio Valley?
Lleyda (Z) DO
Lo Abarca (A) DO
Rosario (unofficial)
180
VIGNO is an association within what sub-regional DO of Chile?
Maule DO
181
What is Furrow Irrigation?
Water from mtns (snowmelt) directed to vineyards via channels
182
Most-planted grape of Maule?
Cab Sauv (lots!); even tho VIGNO (OV Carignan) here
183
In what DO is Pais the most-planted grape?
Itata DO (Sur)
184
What are 2 pink-skinned grapes of Argentina?
Cereza, Criolla Chica, Criolla Grande
185
2 BDX investments in Chile; Burg?
BDX: Almaviva, Vina Acquitania (Malleco): Cos x Margaux
Burg: W Fèvre, C Liger Belair (Aristos)
186
Wehre are the Teno & Lontue Rivers Valleys?
Curico DO ***vs Claro, Lancomilla & Tutuven in Maule
187
What are the DOCs of Argentina?
LdC DOC, San Rafael DOC
188
What is the blend of Almaviva? Cheval des Andes?
Almaviva (Chile): 80 / 20 CS / Carmenere
| Cheval des Andes (Arg): 60 / 40 MBC / CS
189
Name 2 grapes permitted under the Secano Interior DO? Name 2 sub-regions that fall within the DO's boundaries
Pais, Cinsault, Carignan (only); Curico, Maule, Itata, Biobio
190
What grape / s is / are not permitted on a bottle of Chilean DO wine?
Pais; any non-Vitis Vinifera grape
191
Top bottling of Errazuriz
Don Maximiniano "Founder's Reserve"
192
Paraje Altamira IG is a subzone of what other sub-GI?
La Consulta IG (San Carlos IG in Uco V)
193
Mendoza Soil
Alluvial soils called Franco ***Alluvial Sand over Clay
194
What is the 2nd-most planted red grape of Chile?
MRT (CS #1)
195
Name the 2 tiers of Brazilian wine law
DO & IP (IGP)
196
What major river runs through the Uco Valley?
Tunuyan River
197
3 unofficial areas of Maipo
Alto Maipo, Medio Maipo, Maipo Costa ***but no Costa DOs in Maipo
198
What styles are permitted under Vale does Vinhedos DO? Grapes?
W, R & TM (sparkling); a) W: Chardonnay ( + Riesling Italico), b) R: (varietal) MRT (or 60% MRT + CS / CF / Tannat)
199
What is the highest vineyard in the world? Where is it located?
Moya Vineyard (3,329 meters / 10,922ft); Juyjuy IG (Northern Region)
200
What are the regions of the Zona Centrale?
Aconcagua DO & Valle Centrale DO
201
50% of Chile's production comes from what sub-region / sub-region with #1 HAUV
Maule ***vs Rapel is most planted
202
Highest elevation of Chile are in what region?
Atacama
203
Climate of Casablanca
Cool MEDITERRANEAN
204
Name 2 reasons why phylloxera is not an issue in Argentina
a) flood irrigation was so common b) sandy soils
205
Cono Sur, Casa Marín & Matetic call what region home?
San Antonio DO
206
Name 2 producers who label under Lujan de Cuyo DOC
B Norton & Luigi Bosca
207
Describe how the wines of Colli Orientali del Friuli Piccolit DOCG are made?
LH + Drying
208
Aglianico del Vulture Superiore N
| Aglianico del Vulture Superiore R
3 yrs from Nov 1 (1 yr wood / 1 yr bottle)
| 5 yrs from Nov 1 (2 yrs wood / 1 yr bottle)
209
What is the subzone of Colli Orientali del Friuli Piccolit DOCG?
Cialla
210
Name a DOC in Umbria that may produce Vin Santo
Torgiano DOC
211
When can grapes destined for Amarone be vinified?
Minimum Dec 1
212
Name 2 DOCGs of Friuli that were previous subzones of Friuli Colli Orientali
Ramandolo
Colli Orientali del Friuli Piccolit
Rosazzo
213
What is the appellation for Miani, Liovio Felluga & Ronchi di Cialla?
What is the appellation for Borgo del Tiglio, Schiopetto & Radikon?
```
Colli Orientali del friuli Piccolit DOC
Collio DOC (+ Grasvner)
```
214
What are the subzones of Soave DOC & Soave Superiore DOCG?
Soave: Classico & Colli Scaligeri
| Soave Sup: Classico (includes Soave & Monteforte d'Alpone)
215
What is the overarching appellation for Trentino-Alto Adige? Veneto?
T-AA: Valdadige DOC (partly in Veneto too)
216
"Delle Venezie DOC" covers what provinces?
Veneto, Friuli, Trento
217
DOCGs of Castel del Monte
...Castel del Monte Nero di Troia RISERVA (90%)
| Castel del Monte Rosso Riserva (65%)...
218
How is Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Naturale DOCG made?
LATE HARVEST!!!!! min 50 g/l RS ***think Cannellino di Frascati (35 g/l)
219
When was Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG established? Soil?
DOCG: 2005
Soil: Iron-rich clay over LS + sand in E / S
220
What is the subzone of Cerasuolo di Vitorria DOCG?
Classico
221
Biferno and Pentro di Isernia are in what region?
Molise (Biferno DOC, Pentro di Isernia DOC, Tintilia di Molise DOC)
222
1st DOCs of Italy in what year?
DOC: 1966; DOCG: 1980
223
Max elevation Brunello & Chianti Classico
Brunello: 600m
| Chi Class: 700m
224
When does Sassicaia b/c a subzone of Bolgheri DOC? When does it b/c Bolgheri-Sassicaia DOC? During what years is Sassicaia bottled under Vino da Tavola?
1994; 2013 ***therefore labeled as Vino da Tavola 1968-1993
225
What is Ornellaia's 2nd wine?
Le Serre Nuove
226
3 Gran Selezione bottlings
Felsina "Colonia"
Fontodi "Vigna del Sorbo"
Antinori "Badia a Passignano"
227
Assemblage for
Solaia
Ornellaia
"Solaia: 75% CS + 20 Sangio / 5 CF
Ornellaia: 50% CS + 25 MRT / 20 CF / 5 PV"
(Felsina) Fontalloro: 100% Sangio (IGP)
228
3 CS Super Tuscans
Castello di Monsanto "Nemo"
Feslina "Maestro Raro"
Castello di Rampolla "Sammarco"
229
ITaly's 1st DOC
Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOC 1966
230
Alliance Vinum
Producer association in VNdM DOCG; AVIGNONESI, Boscarelli, Poliziano
231
Name for Sangiovese in VNdM DOCG; min % in blend?
Prugnolo Gentile (min 70%) ***max 5% W grapes
232
Describe the difference between a Climat and a Lieu Dit
Climat: vigneron’s term; < technical
| Lieu Dit: geographer’s term; > technical; often recall historic uses of land / former owners
233
Grand Cru can be declassified to what?
1er cru (w/o vineyard mention), village, Bourgogne AOP
234
How many GCs of Burgundy? How many in CDN?
GCs: 33; CDN: 24
235
What is the most-planted grape of Burgundy?
Chardonnay ("Beaunois"), PN #2, Gamay
236
Bourgogne AOC varietal blanc may be produced from what varietals?
CH & PB ***max 30% PG
237
2 Grand Crus of the Valais? Vaud?
Valais: Conthy, Fully, Sierre, Saillon, Salgesch, Vetroz ***GCs under Valais AOC Vaud: Calamin & Dezelay w/i the Lavaux AOC (other AOCs of Vaud include Chablais, La Côte)
238
Top crus of Savoie such as Arbin & Chignin-Bergeron are along what river?
Isère R (in the SE)
239
What are 3 regional AOCs of the Vaud?
Bonvillars, Chablais, Cotes de l'Orbe, La Cote, Lavaux, Vully
240
What 2 Champagne methods are not permitted for Bugey-Cerdon?
Tirage & Dosage
241
What is "Klevner" a synonym of in Aslace?
Pinot Blanc; under AOC, Klevner/Pinot may be applied to a WHITE WINE consisting of PB / Auxerrois / PG / PN in any proportion ***vs Klevener = Savagnin Rosé
242
Name 2 vintages in which Trimbach produced a VT Clos St Hune
1959, 1983, 1989 ("Hors Choix" ), 1997, 2007
243
What grapes are permitted for Cotes du Jura AOC "Vin de Paille"?
CdJ: Savagnin, CH, Poulard, Trousseau
244
What grapes are permitted under L'Etoile AOC?
CH, Savagnin + Poulsard
"Principal Varieties: Min. 80% Combined Chardonnay and/or Savagnin
Accessory Variety: Poulsard
Vin de Paille: Chardonnay, Savagnin, Poulsard
Vin Jaune: 100% Savagnin"
245
Regional IGP for Savoie
| Dep IGP for Jura?
Comtés-Rhodanien IGP
| Franche-Comté IGP
246
"VITI" quality wines from Ticino must be made from what grape?
VITI: Merlot ***Nostrano del Ticino: Bondola
247
In what canton will you find the "1er Grand Cru" being used?
Vaud; Grapes: Chasselas & Gamay / PN / MRT
248
What is Vin de Glacier? Where is it produced? What's the grape?
DRY / unfortified / oxidative wine made via solera; Valais; Reze - Il Perpetuo of Switzerland!
249
In what year does the # of Alsace GCs jump from 25 to 50?
1992
250
What are the exceptions to the 100% listed varietal rule of Alsace AOP?
1. "Pinot Blanc" can contain up to 100% Auxerrois; 2. "Pinot" whites can contain any member of the Pinot family (including PN vinified as a WW)
251
Where is Lake Bienne & Lake Morat?
Neuchatel (Switzerland)
252
Schlossberg is the only Alsace GC until what year?
1983 (24 added)
253
Grape of Ayze?
Gringet
254
What is the Charte de Grain Noble Confidenciel? Where is it used? Name 2 requirements
Sweet W wines from Valais; A) min 130 Oechsle B) min 1 yr wood C) min 15 y.o. vines D) No Chaptalization
255
In what Swiss canton is the "La Béroche" subregion located?
Neuchatel
256
2 GCs for Muscat
Goldert, Hatchbourg
257
What style of wine is Oeil de Perdrix? Blanc de Perdrix?
a) saignée rosé from 100% PN b) still W wine from 100% PN
258
There are ___ GCs of Alsace.
51
259
What is true about oak aging under Alsace AOC?
New oak / barrique character
260
1st vintage of Clos St Hune
1919
261
Name the producer for the following CPCs
Casa Sala
La Pleta
La Capella
Freixenet "Casa Sala"
Codorníu "La Pleta"
Juve y Camps "La Capella"
262
Soil of Grand & Petite Champagne
LS & Chalk
263
Max % alcohol of Cognac after 2nd distillation
Max 72.4% after 2nd distillation (bottled @ min 40% abv)
264
Alcohol min & max for Armagnac after distillation
Min 52% - max 72% (vs max 72.4% Cognac)
265
Who produces the 1st VSOP / XO
Hennessy
266
What are congeners? Which as more congeners - Armaganc or Cognac?
Impurities such as aldehydes, esthers, polyphenols that are a biproduct of fermentation or distillation; Armagnac (the more you distill, the more congeners you remove)
267
Most-densely planted region of Cognac? #1 hauv?
Most-densely planted: Borderies ***also smallest
#1 HAUV: Fins Bois
***most production takes place in Gr Champ / P Champ / Borderies
268
All Armagnacs must age for a minimum how long?
1 yr (VS: 1-3)
269
Why is it uncommon for a vintage Armagnac to be diluted?
100% vintage + 10 years aging = alcohol decreases naturally
270
What are 2 reasons old Cognacs / Armagnacs age in demi-johns after oak aging?
1) so abv doesn't go b/l 40%
| 2) so it doesn't take on bitter woody flavors
271
Minimum aging for Calvados Domfrontais AOC
min 3 yrs (no VS!)
272
"Lambig" is produced under what AOC?
(Calva from Brittnay) EDV de Cidre de Bretange AOC
273
Kirsch de Fougerolles AOC is made from a distillate of what fruit?
Red & black cherries
274
How long does Calvados "VO" have to age for?
youngest part of blend must be a min 4 y.o.
275
What is the "bonne chauffe"?
2nd distillation of Cognac (aka distillation of the brouillis)
276
What does "Produit Fermier" indicate on a bottle of Calvados?
(Estate Bottled); A) produced B) aged C) bottled on the estate where fruit was harvested / fermented
277
Calvados AOC can contain up to what % perry?
0-100%
278
What region of Armagnac is known for its sandy soils?
Bas-Armagnac AOC (Boulbènes & Fawn Sands)
279
What is a chai?
Where Armagnac is aged (maitre de chai is a master taster who blends aged Armagnac) ***Armagnac's version of a paradis!!!
280
Name the only AOC for brandy aside from Cognac & Armagnac
Fine de Bourgogne AOC
281
Vintage on a bottle of Cognac / Armagnac refers to what?
Year of harvest (not distillation)
282
Special name of still used in Cognac
Copper charentais (pot still)
283
What is slivovitz? Where is it from?
Yellow plum brandy (Eastern / Central Europe)
284
What is Orujo?
Spanish pomace spirit (Spanish grappa)
285
Folle Blanche is a synonym of what grape?
Picpoul
286
Most-planted W grape of Portugal
Fernao Pires (called Maria Gomes in Bairrada)
287
What does VOS / VORS stand for? What does it indicate?
VOS (Very Old Sherry): bottling avg 20 yrs
| VORS (Very Old Rare Sh): bottling avg 30 yrs
288
Which of the following have or have not been affected by phylloxera? Madeira, Canary Islands, Azores
No phyllo on Canary Islands! Madeira & Azores both ravaged by phyllo ***all 3 have volcanic soils ❤️
289
What are 3 brands owned by SoGrape?
Barca Velha, Mateus, Sandemans
290
How is Carcavelos made?
1) fermented dry 2) fortified 3) sweetened w/ Vinho Abafado
291
Top DOP for sparkling wine in Portugal
Tavora Varosa DOP
292
What is "vinho leve"?
Light wine (< 10% abv)
293
What red grape is planted on the sandy soils of Colares?
Ramisco
294
What styles of wine are produced under Pico DOP?
W / W Sparkling / W Fortified ***all 3 DOPs same styles
295
Riserva & Colheita Seleccionado mean what on a bottle of Portuguese wine?
Riserva / Seleccionada: >.5% abv
| Colheita Seleccionada: >1% abv
296
What are the grapes of Setubal?
W: Moscatel Graudo (M of Alex)
R: Moscatel Roxo
297
What style of beverage is Pajarete?
VDL / VDN from Malaga with no addition of arrope or pantomima
298
What is vino Maestro & Vino Tierno?
Both sweet, fortified wines from Malaga
Maestro: VDL from fresh grapes
Tierno: from sunned grapes
299
What is pantomima?
Concentrated grape must (less-concentrated than arrope; used to sweeten fortified wines of Malaga)
300
Tierra de Leon gains DO in 2007 for what grape?
Prieto Picudo (R)
301
What are the soils of Jerez?
Arenas, Barros, Albariza
302
Spain's hottest region
Jerez
303
What does "Joven" indicate on a bottle of Spanish wine?
Unoaked
304
What is yeso as it relates to Sherry production? What 2 steps in the Sherry production process eliminates its use?
a) Yeso is a plaster that is added to grapes to aid w/ clarification, and when cream of tartar also added, tartaric acid was produced b) Addition of Tartaric Acid & Desfungado (racking)
305
What Cava grape adds florality? Acidity?
Floral: Paralleda
Acid: Macabeo
306
Grapes permitted under Cava DO
X / P / M; Subirat (Malvasia), CH
| Grenache, Monastrell, PN, Trepat
307
What mtns separate Rioja from Ribeira del Duero?
Sierra de la Domanda
308
What are the DOs of Valencia?
Valencia DO
Utiel Requena DO
Alicante DO
309
Soil of Bierzo
Granite & Slate (hillsides) ***same as Ribeira Sacra
310
Name for Valdeorras wines that are composed of 85% principal grapes; Ribeiro?
Valdeorras: "Castes Nobles"; Ribeiro: "Castes"
311
What are the 4 recommended white grapes of Rias Baixas?
Albarino, Loureira, Treixadura, Caina Blanca
312
Vega de Ribes & Saint Joan de Baptista are producers of what?
Malvasia de Sitges (Penedes)
313
Authorized R grapes of Bierzo
Mencia, Garnacha Tintorera, Esaldiña, Merenzao (Trousseau)
314
For wine to be labeled "Vinyes Velles" or "Old Vines" (in Priorat) how old must they be?
min 75 y.o. (or planted b/f 1945)
315
Min vine age for Vi de Villa? Gran Vinya Classificada?
Vino de Sub-Zona; Vi de Villa (now "Vi de Finca") 10 y.o.; Vi de Paraje (L-D) 15 y.o.; Vinya Classificada 20 y.o.; Gran Vinya Classificada 35 y.o.
316
Guímaro & D do Bibei "Lalama" are producers in what DO?
Ribeira Sacra DO
317
1st TM of Spain in what century?
1872; vs 1961 Guido Berlucchi
318
Who is the 1st to bring intl grapes to Rioja & in what decade?
M de Riscal; 1960s (E Peynaud)
319
Mtns N & S of Ribeira del Duero
(N): Sierra de la Domanda; (S): Sierra de Guadarrama
320
Where are the Moncayo Mtns?
Campo de Borja
321
1st DO of Castilla y Leon; what year?
Rueda (1980)
322
T or F: blending is permitted for Cava
FALSE (it is permitted for Franciac & Champ)
323
Only Vino Pago of Aragon
Ayles
324
Name 3 DOs on Tenerife
N: Tacoronte-Acentejo DO, Valle de la Orotava DO, Ycoden-Daute-Isora DO
S: Abona DO, Valle de Guimar
325
1st modern (post-phylloxera) Priorat vintage; by whom?
1974, Scala Dei
326
#1-producing DO of Spain
Rioja
327
Name 3 grapes permitted for Rias Baixas R
Cainto Tinto, Espadeira, Sousón, Loureira Tinta
328
1st V of Rioja VEC
2017
329
"Rueda W" contains ___ % of what grape / grapes
Min 50% Verdejo / SAUVIGNON BLANC ***recently added
330
What is "vimblanc" and where will you find it?
VDL from overripe grapes (Catalunia); Montsant: 100% Xarel-lo & Tarragona
331
Term for Rueda wine fermented in oak for a min 3 months
Fermentado en Barrica
332
Authorized W grapes of Rioja
Viura, Verdejo, CH, SB, Gren Bl, Temp Bl, Maturana Bl, Malvasía, Turruntés
333
Name the producers of the following cuvees:
"La Capella"
"Turo d'en Mota"
"Enoteca"
Juve y Camps "La Capella" (CPC)
Recaredo "Turo d'en Mota" (SV, 100% Xarel-lo, 120 months lees)
Gramona "Enoteca"
334
Luis Rodriguez & Emilio Rojo call what region home?
Ribeiro DO (Galicia)
335
Name 3 Vi de Villa (now Vi de Finca) of Priorat
Escaladei, Gratallops, La Morera de Montsant, Porrera, Poboleda, El Loar, Bellmunt...
336
Name 2 white grapes permitted in Priorat blanco
P / X / M; Grenache Blanc, MBaPG / MofAlex; Viognier, Chenin Blanc, Picapoll
337
Where will you find xabre soils? What are they?
Rias Baixas (espp Condado do Tea); decomposed granite
338
What mountain range separates Castilla y Leon from Madrid to the S?
Sistema Central
339
What styles of wine are permitted under the Txakolina DOs of Pais Vasco?
W / Rose ("Ojo de Gallo") / R; VT & Espumoso
340
Wine styles permitted under Rias Baixas
W / R; Espumoso
341
What mountain range separates Castilla-La Mancha from Andalucia?
Sierra Morena
342
Tierra de Leon gains DO in 2007 for what grape?
Prieto Picudo (R)
343
Name 2 members of Corpinnat
Recaredo, Gramona, Mas Candi
344
What is the blend of Vega Sicilia "Unico"?
80/20 Tempranillo / CS
345
Name the 3 unofficial areas of Penedes DO
P Superieur; P Central; P Maritim
346
What 2 Cava producers account for 75% of Cava DO's production
Codorníu & Freixenet
347
What are the top 3 most-planted grapes of Spain
1) Airen 2) Tempranillo 3) Bobal
348
Which wines under Cava DO must be certified organic?
Cava de Guarda Superior (Rsva, Gr Rsva, CPC)
349
Styles of wine produced under Rueda DO
W / Rose / R; W Espumoso / Ro Espumoso; Dorado & Palido
350
In what decades does French winemaking arrive in Spain?
1860s-1880s
351
3 reqs for Cava de Pajora Calificado
```
HH
VINTAGE
Max Brut
Min 10 y.o. vines
Owned or long-term contracted vineyard
From a single site
```
352
1st DO Pago; what DO is it located in?
Dominio de Valdepusa (Marques de Grignon); Mentrida DO
353
What is desfungato?
Racking
354
1st vintage and blend of l'Ermita; what is it classified as?
1993; 90% Grenache (+ CS / Samsò); Gran Vinya Classificada (2017)
355
What is the term for Ruedo wines made from 30 y.o. vines?
Gran Vino de Rueda
356
Contraversial aspect of Rioja's site-based classification system
Wine needs to be produced / bottled aged w/i muni / zona ***think F Chidaine & Vouvray!
357
Telmo Rodriguez brings what Rioja winery to fame?
Remelluri; also proponent behind the site-based classifcation of Rioja
358
Min % fruit from Rioja wines labeled "V do Municipio" / "V de Zona"
min 85% (max 15% fruit from neighboring muni / zona if 10 yr history)
359
What autonomias of Southern Spain produce Cava?
Valencia (Utiel Requena), Extremadura (Ribera del Guadiana DO)
360
Spain claims how many autonomias? What are the only autonomias without DO wine production?
17; Asturias & Cantabria
361
What is Tinta de Madrid?
Tempranillo synonym (also Cencibel)
362
In what decade does Marques de Riscal rejuvinate Rueda DO? With help of whom?
1970s; Emile Peynaud
363
Autonomia for the Arga River
Navarra
364
What is the top grape of Alella DO?
Pansa Blanca (xarrllo)
365
What does "Cosecha" indicate on a bottle of Spanish wine?
A wine that does not abide by defined aging specifications but meets or exceeds classification reqs
366
In what year does Vega Sicilia move to 100% Estate bottling / 100% Estate fruit?
1982 ***yr Alvarez family purchases & same year RdD gains DO!
367
What is the most-planted R grape of Priorat?
Carignan!!!!!!! (Jancis-confirmed) NOT GRENACHE
368
Prieto Picudo is a native grape to what Spanish DO? What color?
Tierra de Leon DO (RED)
369
What is Spain's largest autonomía?
Castilla y Leon :)
370
Describe licorella soils
Black slate & quartzite
371
2 tributaries of the Ebro R
Iregura R & Tiron R
372
2 reqs for Vino Pagos
1. International Reputation 2. 10 yrs quality production
373
1st commercial winery of Rioja
Marques de Murrieta (1852) ***Lopez de Heredia not founded until 1870s; Vega Sicilia in 1860s
374
What is Spain's highest peak?
Mt Teide (Tenerife)
375
Top 2 volume-producing PDOs of Spain
1. Rioja, 2. Ribeiro del Duero!
376
DO for Guimaro & Dominio do Bibei? Pittacum & Dominio de Tarres?
Ribeira Sacra: Guimaro, Dominio do Bibei
| Bierzo: Pittacum, Dominio de Tares
377
Only DO of Galicia that permits still rosé
Ribeira Sacra ***BIERZO IN CASTILLA Y LEON
378
DO for the Umia River
Rias Baixas - Val do Salnes!
379
River of Bierzo
Sill R
380
Village wines of Rueda DO are called what?
Vino de Pueblo
381
What does "txaokli" translate to?
Farm wine
382
Drip irrigation introduced to Spain when?
1995 Marques de Grignon (Dominio de Valdepusa)
383
What does lagrima indicate on a bottle of port?
Sweetest style of white Port
384
What are 3 types of port that develop in the bottle?
Vintage Port, Crusted Port, LBV "Envelhecido em Garrafa"
385
How long does Colheita Port have to age in cask?
7 years
386
What do the 2 dates on a bottle of Colheita Port indicate?
1) harvest 2) year bottled
387
Which grapes of Madeira ferment on the skins? Why?
Boal & Malmsey (harvested 1st & fermented on skins); phenolics from skin contact balance sweetness in wine
388
What is Madeira's largest production company?
Justino's ***Henriques & Henriques largest independent producer
389
What are the grapes of Madeira and their associated sweetness levels?
Sercial: Extra Dry / Dry: 0-1.5
Verdelho: Med Dry: 1.5-2.5
Boal: Med Sweet: 2.5-3.5
Malmsey: Sweet: min 3.5
390
Tinta Negra is permitted on labels of Madeira from what vintage on?
2015
391
What is the minimum % stated grape on a bottle of Madeira?
85% if NV
| 100% if V
392
Is LBV a ruby or a tawny port?
RUBY
393
Blandy's & Cossart Gordon are examples of what?
| Madeira Wine Co is an example of what?
Shipping Companies
| Production Company
394
2 benefits of V ao Alto
> sun, mechanizeable
395
3 producers of Brandy de Jerez; what are the aging reqs?
```
Osborne, Lustau, Gonzalez Byass
Solera: 6 mo, Rsv: 1 yr, Gr Rsv: 3 yrs
Reposado: min 2 mo
Anejo: min 2 yr
Extra A: min 3 yrs
```
396
Maximum aging for a Madeira labeled "Finest", "Choice" or "Select"
Same as Seleccionado, so min 3-max 5yrs
397
The "Primera Yema"makes up what % of the Mosto de Yema?
Primera Yema: 60-70% Mosto de Yema
398
What does "En Rama" mean?
"Raw"/Unfiltered Sherry; i.e. Tio Pepe "En Rama" (Gonzalaz Byass)
399
What is Manzanilla Pasada?
Fino-Amontillado
400
What are two vino de colors used in the production of sherry?
Sancocho & Arrope ***in Malaga: Pantomima & Arrope
401
Name the categories of sobretablas & wines they will b/c
1. Palma: flor has flourished - will b/c Fino; 2. Palma Cortada: robust fino - may b/c Amontillado; 3. Palo Cortado: flor present but may be directed to oxidative aging b/c of richness; 4. Raya: flor dies - will b/c Oloroso; 5. Dos Rayas: flor dies but low quality - sweetened for low quality sherry or sherry vinegar
402
How do Albariza soils regulate water?
Moisture retention, friable soils (vines can dig deep to access); Albariza, a chalky, porous, limestone-rich soil of brilliant white color, produces the best Sherry. The moisture-retentive albariza retains water from autumn and winter rains, while the friable soil structure allows vine roots to penetrate deeply in a search for water trapped beneath its baked, impermeable surface during the arid growing season
403
In what century do the Portuguese discover Madeira?
15th ce (1419)
404
What is "Desfangado" & when does it take place in the production of Sherry?
Racking - BEFORE fermentation (to remove thickest solids b/f must is fermented) ***think Champagne
405
Base wines entered into the cabeceo for the production of generoso de liqueuer must have a minimum what % abv?
17.50%
406
When does IVDP assume regulatory powers of Porto/Douro DOP
2003
407
Flor consumes what 3 things? What does it produce?
A) Alcohol B) Glycerine C) Oxygen D) VA; produces Acetaldehyde
408
Colheita Madeira elevage
min 5 yrs aging b/f bottling
409
In what down do the British find Port being fortified by Cistercian monks? In what decade?
Lamego; 1678 (keep in mind that English look to Portugal in the 17th century due to English trade wars with France
410
What river separates Jerez from Condado de Huelva?
Guadalquivir R
411
Describe the geographical boundaries between Jerez DO & Manzanilla Sanlucar de Barrameda DO
SAME geo boundaries - grapes for Manzanilla can come from anywhere in the Jerez DO - only difference is that Manzanilla de SLDB must be aged in the town of SLDBM
412
Flor Recipe (4)
1. absence of fermentable sugars
2. 15-15.5% abv
3. humidity
4. 60-70* abv
413
Minimum aging for Sherry
min 2 yrs solera (3 yrs b/f 2010)
414
What is Manzanilla Pasada?
Fino-Amontillado
415
Who is regarded as the father of the French natural wine movement?
Jules Chauvet
416
What does "CMD" indiciate on bottle of Romanian wine?
Wine from fully ripe grapes
417
Who produces Bacharach Wolfshohle?
Ratzenberger
418
In what decade does Phylloxera hit California after attacking UCD's AXR1 rootstock?
1986
419
2 levels of quality in Uruguay
VC & VCP (Vino de Calididad Preferiente)
420
What is schaumwein?
Sparkling wine from Ge
421
Olivier Horiot produces wine under what AOC / is a producer located in which village?
Les Riceys
422
Name 3 Champagne bottlings from the Ambonnay GC
a) Egly Ouriet "Les Crayeres" (BdN), b) Krug "Clos d'Ambonnay" (BdN), c) Cuvée Laetitia (Henri Billiot), d) Jacques Selosse "Le Bout du Clos" (blend)
423
What 3 white grapes may be produced under Monts Luisants 1er cru?
CH, PB, Aligote
424
Where is the Adrianna Vineyard? Where is Altamira?
a) Adrianna V: Gualtallary within Tupungato IG b) Altamira: La Consulta IG (w/i San Carlos)
425
What treatments are used to combat Oidium? What about Perenospera?
Oidium (Powder Mildew): sulfur; Perenospera (Downy Mildew): BDX mixture (copper-sulfate & lime)
426
What DOCG sits in the foothills of the Iblei Mountains?
Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG
427
What are the grapes of a wine labeled Rias Baixas "O Rosal"? What percent?
Loureira & Albarino; 70% combined
428
What DOCG lies within the Valle dell'Acate?
Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG
429
1st vintage of Chx Le Pin
1979 ***same as Clos du Mesnil
430
RS range Demi-Sec ChMpGne
32-50
431
Who owns Clos des Epeneaux?
Comte Armand
432
Warmest & coolest Central Otago sub-region
a) Warmest: Bendigo b) Coolest: Gibbston
433
2nd-most planted grape of Priorat
Carignan ***Grenache #1
434
Forst Ross Seaview min elevation; Ribbon Ridge? Rockpile?
FRSV: 920ft; Ribbon Ridge: 240ft; Rockpile: 800ft
435
Who produces "Les Grandes vin des Prince"?
De Venoge TdC (Champagne)
436
What was the 1st vintage of Alvaro Palacios' "L'Ermita"? What is the blend? What is it labeled under?
a) 1993 (same as Ca di Morissio) b) 90% Grenache + Samso / W (Cab Sauv no longer included) c) Vi de Gran Vinya Classificada
437
Who owns the Gaisbohl vineyard? Where is it?
a) Burklin Wolf alleinbesitz b) (Pfalz) Ruppertsberger Gaisbohl
438
Name the only spirit that is mandated by law to be bottled at distillation strength
Peruvian Pisco (no dilution permitted)
439
Name the 2 newest AVAs of Willamette Valley
Tualatin Hills & Laurelwood
440
When is Bleus de Ville outlawed? (Decade)
1999
441
What is a Marzen?
Oktoberfest from Bavaria
442
Mt Athos vineyard is planted to what red grape?
Cab Sauv
443
What are the secondary white grapes of BDX?
Colombard, Merlot Blanc, Ugni Blanc
444
What is the most planted varietal in Sonoma?
Chardonnay
445
What is vorlese?
Pre-harvest b/f main harvest to eliminate rotten / deffective bunches
446
Min RS for VDN Moscatel Sherry
min 160 g/l RS
447
What is the main goal of Oregon's Dry Roots Coalition?
Dry-farming / no irrigation
448
For how long must Rhum Agricole XO age in barrel?
6 yrs
449
Chateau Raymond-Lafon is a producer in what region?
Sauternes (unclassified)
450
Name 3 coopers of French oak
Seguin Moreau, Taransaud, Francois Frères
451
Name 3 Condrieu lieu's-dits
Chanson, Coteau de Vernon, Les Chaillees de L'Enfer & Coteau du Chery are lieux-dits of what AOC?
452
What does Amabile mean? What is the RS range?
Semi-Sweet (12 / 18 - 45 g/l RS) ***aka Moelleux
453
UCD 4 & UCD 5 are examples of what?
Pommard clones
454
Max yields for Pauillac
57 hl/ha
455
Who produces the Cordon Cut Riesling
Mt Horrocks; cut 1/2 the cordon off and let vines dry (passerillage); sweet dessert wine
456
Name 3 Pisco grapes used in Pisco Aromatica
Albilla, Italia, Moscatel, Torontel
457
Bonnes Mares is adjacent to what GC?
Clos de Tart
458
Morgon rouge can include up to what % white wine?
Max 15%
459
2 highest class of STK
Grosse Ried & Erste Ried (sub-categories w/i Riedenwein category)
460
What was the first legally-protected winegrowing area in NZ?
Te Mata Special Character Zone (home to the Havelock Hills in Havelock N)
461
3 producers of Preuses
Chablisienne (makes every GC); Dauvissat, Patrick Piuze, Fèvre
462
What organizational body administers the Wine of Origin Scheme?
SAWIS (SA Wine Info & Systems)
463
What 2 districts were previous wards of Paarl?
Franschhoek, Wellington
464
Where is the Shake Ridge Ranch vineyard?
Sierra Foothills (Amador Co)
465
Which 2 G.I. are located closest to Brisbane?
Granite Belt and South Burnett
466
Gols, Apetlon, Andau & Halbturn are villages in which Austrian wine region?
Neusiedlersee; ***Gols: major wine town; + Illmitz
467
1st vintage of VT / SGN AOCs in Alsace
1984 b/c official
468
Name the 3 single-estate appellations of France
Chx Gillet, Coullée de Serrant, Romanée-Conti
469
What is the name of Faiveley's monopole in Mercury?
Clos des Myglands
470
What is the largest co-op in Champagne?
Nicolas Feuillatte
471
What happens (chemically) to grapes as they undergo appassimento?
a) Tartaric Acid increases b) sugar increases c) polyphenols...https://www.vogadorivini.it/en/appassimento/
472
Define rectification as it pertains to a spirit
repeated distillation in a process called rectification to purify spirit
473
Worst vintage of CDP b/w 2005-2010
2008 b/c rainy
474
Where is Scarce Earth and what is their mission?
a) McLaren Vale; b) NOT a sustainable - they promote single site terroir from varietal Shiraz
475
What is Doble Pasta and why is it used?
a) dry, full-bodied, high-alc RED wine macerated & fermented with 2x the amount of grape skins & pulp, resulting in a wine of intense concentration, tannin & color (made in Utiel-Requena, Yecla, Jumilla); made by running off portion of newly-fermented wine & replacing w/ crushed grapes
476
What Scotch Whisky distillery does LVMH own and where is it located?
a) Glenmorangie b) Highlands
477
Name the producers that make up Margaret River's Golden Triangle
Leeuwin, Voyager E, Cape Mentelle ***LV's Cape Mentelle
478
What was the first vintage of Mascarello "Monprivato"? "Ca Morissio"?
a) 1970 b) 1993
479
Who was the original Cote Rotie single-vineyard pioneer?
Albert Dervieux
480
What GI of Scotland is famous for distilling its whiskies 3 times?
Lowlands
481
Orvieto DOC permitted wine styles
W only (dry - sweet), VT, Muffa Nobile ***NO SPARKLING
482
Wines just labeled "Asti" are produced using what method?
Charmat (2nd fermentation in autoclaves)
483
1st and 2nd parts of column still are called what respectively?
1) Analyzer 2) Rectifier
484
In what decade is Phylloxera 1st discovered in France? In what decade does it become legal in Europe to plant vines onto American RS?
a) Phyllo: 1860s (1863); b) Legal: 1870s (1878)
485
Sokujo sake
Lactic acid added
486
Rust producers - name 2
Heidi Schrock, Feiler Artinger, Triebaumer
487
Quarts de Chaume commune of production
Rochefort sur Loire
488
Which of Gaja's 2 bottlings come from the Roncagliette vineyard?
Sori Tildin (1970) & Costa Russi
