random theory 2 Flashcards
(500 cards)
1
Q
Most-planted grape of Franciacorta
A
80% Chardonnay!
2
Q
Klevener de Heiligenstein communes of production
A
Heiligenstein, Bourgheim, Gertwiller, Goxwiller, Obernai
3
Q
2 estate-bottled Riojas
A
Remelluri, Contino ***Very rare! “For many years, Rioja bodegas did little other than blend and age wine. Not only did they not own vineyards, many of them bought wine that had been already made by the local farmers or co-operatives.
4
Q
Which two wind currents have the most significant impact on the vineyards of Jerez during the growing season and what are the characteristics of each?
A
Poniente; Blow from the west and is cool and humid
5
Q
Maximum elevation for Chianti Classico
A
700m
6
Q
What three grapes made up the historic Chianti blend developed by Barone Ricasoli in the 1800s? %s?
A
70% Sangiovese, 15% Canaiolo, 15% Malvasia Bianca
7
Q
What is the Commune, Classification, Vineyard & Producer for the following monopoles?
A
Clos de la Mouchere 1er (Puligny Montrachet; w/i Les Perrieres, Henri Boillot)
8
Q
Clos de la Mouchere
A
Clos des Mouches 1er (Beaune, Joseph Drouhin)
9
Q
Clos des Mouches
A
La Bussiere 1er (Morey-Saint-Denis - monopole of Roumier, he labels it as “Clos de la Bussière”)
10
Q
Who owns Domaine de Lambrays? Aside Domaine de Lambrays, who produces a Clos des Lambrays?
A
LVMH; Taupenot Merme
11
Q
Name 2 monopole vineyards of MSD and the owner of each
A
Clos de Tart (D de la Clos de Tart - Francois Pinaut)
12
Q
What is Becherovka and where is it from?
A
Bitter herbal liqueur from Czech R
13
Q
Rias Baixas sub-regions N to S
A
…Soutomaior, Condado do Tea, O Rosal
14
Q
What are Gabbro soils? Name a Cru Communeaux that features them
A
Igneous rock similar to basalt; Gorges, Le Pallet
15
Q
1st vintage of “Lake Vineyard”; what vineyard is it usually blended into?
A
1978; Gravelly Meadow (Lake was the 1st to sell for > $100; 1978 V in 1982) ***think 1878 1st V Seppeltsfield 100 y.o. Para Liqueur
16
Q
Marquis de Laguiche sells Montrachet fruit to which Burgundy producer?
A
Domaine Drouhin
17
Q
Name 3 Rivers affiliated with Mendoza?
A
Mendoza R, Tunuyán R, Tupungato R, Diamante R, Atuel R
18
Q
How many days after Kabinett can Spatlese can begin?
A
7 days from day you first pick
19
Q
What is a mezcal pit oven known as?
A
Horno
20
Q
2nd wine of Rayas; what appellation is it labeled under?
A
2nd Wine: Pignan Chateauneuf-du-Pape AOC ***don’t confuse w/ Pialade Rays Cotes du Rhone
21
Q
Goldschlager country & flavoring
A
Switzerland; cinnamon
22
Q
Corte vs Liberdade in Port
A
Corte (1st stage of treading): the crushing of the grapes by treaders linking arms / treading in unison to ensure all grapes are crushed
23
Q
What does “Envinado” refer to as it relates to Sherry production?
A
Seasoning of new butts w/ Sherry to be sent off to mature spirits
24
Q
In what district of SA will you find koffeklip (coffee-stone) soils?
A
Cape Agulhas
25
Why are Cordon-trained vines planted at lower densities?
Cordon-trained vines store more reserves through the winter since they have more permanent wood, resulting in more vigor and a need for wider spacing
26
Name 3 producers of Muscat of Rutherglen
All Saints, Campbell's, Chambers, Morris
27
Oldest terraces in Douro
Socalcos
28
What is Greece's 1st appellation? What year?
a) Naoussa b) 1971
29
Rainiest Australia vintage of last 10 years
2011
30
Colli Senesi overlaps what DOCGs (besides Chianti DOCG)
Brunello di Montalcino, VN di Montepulciano, Vernaccia di San Gimigniano??
31
Name 2 Spanish-style rums and their respective countries; French-style rums? English?
Spanish: Diplomatico (Venezuela), Ron Zacapa (Guatamala), Flor de Cana (Nicaragua)
32
Producer of the prestige cuvee "Nec-Plus-Ultra"
Bruno Paillard
33
Who produces Quinta do Seixo?
Sandeman
34
Who produces "La Guiraude"?
Alain Graillot; Crozes
35
Minimum vine density CDP
Au Carre: 2,500
36
Which producer is credited for introducing new French oak to Rioja and in what decade?
Marques de Caceres; 1970s
37
What was the first estate to vinify Malagousia?
D Porto Carras
38
What does "Selected" and "Specially Selected" indicate on a bottle of Greek wine respectively?
Same as Riserve & Grande Reserve; term for dry wines only
39
Mtns of Canberra
Snowy Mtns (part of the Australian Alps)
40
2 owners (wineries) of the Seven Hills vineyard?
Leonetti, L'Ecole, Pepper Bridge; http://seveinvineyards.com/sevenhills.php
41
Vintage in which penfolds made from 100% Shiraz
2011
42
Producer & AOC of Clos des Ursules
Louis Jadot (Beaune)
43
2 GFs that extend the growing season of Priorat
Bota NO: sherry cask that is not topped up in order to preserve its individualistic character
44
3 WA AVAs outside Columbia Valley of Washington
Puget Sound AVA, Columbia Gorge AVA, Lewis-Clark AVA
45
Term for Priorat R that age for 12 months in oak
Vi de Guarda
46
Greygoose, Patron & Dewars are all owned by what parent company?
Bacardi (largest fam-owned spirit brand)
47
Name 3 vintages of Salon produced in 90s? 2000s?
1990, 1995 / 1996; 2002, 2004, 2006
48
Clos d'Ambonnay vintages of production
1995 / 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002 ***1995 released in 2007; 2006 being produced?
49
What is the minimum % abv for VDP GG?
min 12% abv (11.5% in Mosel)
50
Spanish Vermouth - name 3
Miro, Yzaguirre, Gonzalez Bias
51
Name 3 clos vineyards of Champagne
Clos d'Ambonnay, Clos du Mesnil, Clos St Hilaire, Clos des Goisses
52
Who purchases the former Rene Engel estate? Name of new winery?
Francois Pinault (D l'Eugenie)
53
Who produces "La Guita"?
Rainera Perez Marin
54
What is the soil type of Montgeux?
Chalk ***Island of chalk in a see of (Kimmeridgian Marl aka clay-LS) in the Aube)
55
What are the two main ingredients in a Corn and Oil?
2 ounces blackstrap rum, such as Cruzan
56
Barbera d'Asti DOCGs subzones
Tinella, Colli Astiani (Astiano)
57
Climate of Coonawarra? Barossa Valley?
Coonawarra: Cool Mediterranean; Barossa V: Mediterranean
58
What do Vrhunsko Vino & Kakovostno Vino indicate on a bottle of Slovenian wine?
(DOCG) Vrhunsko Vino ZGP: Premium Quality Wine from Protected Designation of Origin
59
Los Bermejos & Suertes del Marques are producers in what region?
Canary Islands
60
What is the flavoring of nocino?
Walnut-flavored liqueur from Italy
61
What is the #1-planted W grape of OR?
PG
62
First 5? Which are in Walcliffe?
VCCLM (Very Clever Cats Like Milk): Vasse Felix, Cape Mentelle, Cullen, Leeuwin, Mosswood
63
Condrieua original villages
Condrieu, St Michel sur Rhone, Verin
64
France's AOC w/ largest surface area in organic conversion
Champagne
65
Top grape in Vino do Tea
Tinta Negra Moll (but traditionally blend of W & R grapes left in Canary Pine barrels for a year)
66
Name 2 factors that elongate the growing season in Santa Barbara?
E-W valley brings in 1) morning fog & 2) cool ocean breezes in the afternoon 3) low rainfall means rain @ harvest not an issue
67
Why would a producer choose to bottle with a shorter cork?
Prevent excessive ullage (longer corks absorb > wine)
68
What is Albero as it relates to the production of Sherry?
Yellow sand they put on floor in bodega to retain humidity ***not to be confused w/ Albero soils in Montilla-Moriles - Albero soils = synonym of Albariza
69
Makgeoli?
Fermented rice beverage from Korea
70
Why are sherry butts painted black?
Easy to spot leaks (barrels are super old!)
71
What is dunder?
(Sour mash for rum); Liquid left in boiler after distillation --> wash is fermented w/ the dunder for Jamaican rum
72
Top 3 Champagne vintages of the 1980s
1982, 1988, 1989
73
Declared Port vintages of the 1980s
1980, 1982 / 1983, 1985
74
Still wines of Madeira are produced under what DOP?
Madeirense DOP
75
What direction do the vineyards of Cote Rotie face?
Southeast
76
Communes that make up the classico zone of Valpolicella
Fumane, Negrar, Marano, San Pietro in Cariano, Sant'Ambrogia
77
What is Pisang Ambon? Where is it from?
Banana liqueur from the Netherlands https://www.diffordsguide.com/beer-wine-spirits/200/pisang-ambon
78
Riesling from Wachau vs Mosel
Riesling from Wachau is > phenolic b/c lack of water = thick skins
79
Who owns La Moutonne 1er Cru?
D long-Depaquit; Albert Bichot
80
What is pomace brandy from Greece called?
Tsipouro ***from Crete, it's called Tsikoudia
81
GIs of Western Victoria Zone
Henty, Grampians (+ Great Western), Pyrenees
82
Daphne Glorian's clos wine
Clos Erasmus
83
Name two properties of copper that make it suitable for distillation
1) great heat conductor 2) removes sulfur compounds & strips spirit of unwanted flavors / aromas
84
2 new AVAs of Washington
Candy Mtn & Royal Slope
85
2 Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel on LivEx
Chx La Bosque (St Estephe), Chx d’Arsac (Margaux)
86
Highest elevation of Stellenbosch?
Jonkershoek Valley https://wijn.nl/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/arjen_pleij_mv_scriptie_stellenbosch_englisch.pdf
87
What is the soil / soils of Chinon? Bourgueil?
Chinon: Tuffeau (LS), Clay, Varennes (sandy alluvial)
88
Name the 6 French oak forests
Allier (incl Tronacis), Limousin, Nevers, Vosges, Bertranges
89
Aging of Canadian rye whisky
Min 3 yrs in WOOD (same as Scotch)
90
Hopback Chamber
Hopback: a brewing vat into which the wort is run after boiling in the copper and which has a perforated false bottom for straining off the hops / a sealed chamber into which you put whole leaf hops - hot wort exits the kettle after boil, passing through the hopback before chilling; the hops contribute volatile aroma compounds that would normally evaporate in the boil. The leaf hops also filter hot break, helping to clear your beer.
91
What is Chacha?
Pomace brandy from Georgia
92
What is the soil of Gorges?
(Muscadet S-et-M) Gabbro (igneous rock, similar to basalt)
93
Southside Cocktail
Gin, lime juice, SS & mint
94
1st vintage of Henschke Hill of Grace
1958
95
What is the minimum precent of corn that must be used to make Bourbon?
51% (vs corn whiskey which is uaged & min 80% corn)
96
Blend of Clos des Goisses
70 / 30 PN / CH
97
Worst Germany vintage last 10 years
2014; "‘Too cold and too wet’ is the general summary for Germany in 2014. Yields were higher than the much smaller preceding vintage, but quality is surmised as 'good, bad and ugly' by Michael Schmidt, with the proviso that the better producers are inevitably the better performers."
98
Communes of Cote Rotie N to S
Saint-syr-sur-Rhone, Ampuis, Tupin-et-Simons
99
"Garrafeira" on a bottle of Portuguese table wine
W / Ro: 1 yr (6 mo bottle)
100
2 rules for Kosher wine production
Main stipulation: once harvested, grapes and wine are only to be handled by Sabbath-observing Jews
101
What beer is referred to as "Liquid Bread"?
Doppelbock
102
What is bentonite used for?
Clay fining agent
103
Minimum elevation for Ribbon Ridge?
240ft
104
Bairrada Classico Tinto grapes
Tinto "Classico": Alfrocheiro, Baga, Camarate, Castelão, Jaen, Touriga Nacional
105
Where are the Diablo Winds?
CALIFORNIA - caused fire in 2020 (vs Santa Ana winds in S)
106
What does Carmenere take its name from?
French word for crimson (carmin) which refers to the brilliant crimson colour of the autumn foliage
107
Name the DVAs of Ontario
Niagara Peninsula, LENS, Prince Edwards County
108
Top 2 white grapes of Bairrada?
Fernao Pires & Bical
109
What does Gran Rosalia indicate on a bottle of Austrian wine?
13.5% abv / oak (don’t confuse with Rosolo - Amarone & Rosolita - Reciotto)
110
What is Rinquinquin?
White wine-based Peach aperitif from Provence; also a VDL from the Rhone
111
Mandatory pruning system for Barolo & Barbaresco
Single Guyot https://www.prunotto.it/en/the-langhe-area/history-and-winemaking/
112
Vineyards in Val do Salnes are located along what river?
Umia River
113
Soils of Red Hills Douglas County
Jory
114
SZs Cotes de Provence AOC
Sainte-Victoire, Fréjus, La Londe, Pierrefeu (added 2012), Notre-Dame des Anges ***all Ro / R except Lalande (all 3)
115
What is Krupnik?
Honey liqueur from Poland
116
Size of a BDX tonneau vs Italian tonneau
BDX: 900L
117
What bodies of water surround Tasmania?
Tasman Sea (E), Bass Strait (N), Southern Ocean (S), Indian Ocean (W)
118
Top producer in the village of Wehlen
J.J. Pruhm
119
Alzero blend Quintarelli
40/40 CS/CF + MRT
120
What is sifone?
Italian mistella / mistelle ***used for sweetening Marsala
121
Mtns of Priorat
Sierra de Montsant
122
100% Cabernet Grange vintages
1999 / 2000, 2011
123
What is in a Stinger?
2 Cognac / 1 Creme de Menthe
124
In the EU, vodka can be made from sources other than potatoes or grain as long as what?
Source material is listed on label (i.e. vodka made from grapes)
125
Name the red-only crus of Savoie; for sparkling? Sparkling grape?
R: Arbin & St-Jean-de-la-Porte; Sparkling: Ayze (Gringet)
126
Still wines of Franciacorta may produce under what DOC?
Curtefranca DOC
127
3 wineries Helen Turley consulted for
Dalla Valle
128
3 Premier Crus of Pouilly-Fuisse AOC
Le Clos, Les Crays, Les Perrieres, Aux Chailloux, Pouilly
129
What does the Baumé scale measure?
Specific gravity (form of relative density) of grape must
130
Name 3 combes of the Cote d'Or
GC: Combe de Lavaux, Combe Grisard
131
What fruit is used in the production of kriek lambic beer?
Sour Morello Cherry
132
In relation to Castiglione Falletto what direction is La Morra?
NW
133
What does "Suho" indicate on a bottle of Slovenian wine?
Suho = DRY
134
What is Orujo?
Pomace spirit from Spain
135
What is Kümmel and where is it from?
Caraway liqueur from the Netherlands
136
What are the grapes of Cotnari?
Grasa di Cotnari, Fateasca Alba, Francusa, Tamaiosa Romaneasca
137
Who produces "Bom Ritiro"?
Ramos Pinto
138
2 requirements for Lond Dry Gin; minimum abv?
Bottled at min 37.5%
139
What is the 3rd distillation of Cognac used for?
Esprit de Cognac AOC
140
2 Prestige Super Tuscans produced from 100% Cabernet Sauvignon or based on Cab Sauv
Felsina “Maestro Raero”
141
What mtns protect vs Atlantic influence in the Douro?
Sierra de Marao
142
Best Chianti Classico vintage from 2001-2009
2007 (2001, 2004, 2006 / 2007)
143
What is a control state?
Type of license state in which state government operates one or more tiers
144
Name 2 climatic conditions can increase the phenolic compound colors in wine?
a) Increased Sunlight; b) high elevation c) wind? d) slight water deficit
145
3 proponents of whole cluster in the Cote d'Or
DRC, Dujac, Leroy, de Montille
146
What are three features of a Sherry bodega’s architecture that influence its climate?
1) Orientation towards the ponente wind to allow for humid air to infiltrate bringing oxygen as well to feed the flor while largely blocking out the levante’s hot and dry influence.
147
3 Napa wineries in operation before Prohibition?
Beringer, Charles Krug, Inglenook, BV
148
Coolest subregion of Marg River
Walcliffe
149
Maximum % chaptalization abv increase for Champagne
max 2% abv
150
3 vintages of Luminescence
1999, 2003, 2015
151
Name 2 producers in McMinnville
Martin Woods, St Innocent, Kelly Fox, Panther Creek (Ken Wright)
152
Driest AVA of Washington
Wahluke Slope
153
Village and producer of the Kreuzwingert vineyard
Piesport; Reinhold Haart alleinbesit
154
Minimum elevation for Rockpile AVA
800ft
155
Min abv Priorat reds
13.5% abv
156
What Chilean wine sub-region is located within the O'Higgins administrative region? Valparaiso?
Rapel
157
Produit Fermier for Pays d'Auge
Calvados was produced on the same estate where the fruit was harvested & fermented
158
GIs of Central Victoria Zone
Bendigo, Heathcote, Goulburn (+ Nagambie Lakes), Upper Goulburn, Strathbogie Ranges
159
Name 2 producers who bottle & label a La Crau
Domaine Santa Duc, D du Vieux Telegraph, + main source for Henri Bonneau's "Cuvee de Celestins"
160
Classification of Chx Le Bosq
Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel
161
Name two vintages in which no Chateau Chalon AOC wine was produced
1974, 1980, 1984, 2001
162
Producer & region of "Poggio al Vento"
Col d'Orcia
163
Who produces Cartology?
Alheit; Walker Bay
164
3 producers based in Gevrey Chambertin? 3 producers of Clos St Jacques?
Armand Rousseau, Fourrier, Denis Mortet, Sylvie Esmonin; CSJ: Bruno Claire, A Rousseau, Fourrier, Sylvie Esmonin
165
1st vintage of Martha's Vineyard? What 3 vintages were not produced because of replanting due to Phyllo? First vintage of Ridge Monte Bello?
Martha's V: 1966
166
What styles of Sherry can use VO/VOS indications?
Amontillado, Palo Cortado, Oloroso, PX ***NO MOSCATEL
167
Name 3 subzones of the Dao
Serra de Estrella, Alva, Terra de Azurrara / Terra de Senhorim, Besteiros, Castendo, ***All the best castas are in the Dao
168
Name the type of producer, prestige cuvee & region for the following:
NM; Vilmart Coeur de Cuvée; Montagne de Reims
169
Vilmart C & E
NM; Diebolt-Vallois Fleur de Passion (BdB); Cotes des Blancs
170
Hersh Method is used for decanting what?
Vintage port (decanting port over cheese cloth in a port funnel straight into decanter); https://www.fortheloveofport.com/decanting-vintage-port-the-qhersh-methodq/
171
Ouzo is produced in what 2 countries?
Greece & Cyprus
172
What are the soils of Quarts de Chaume?
Sandstone & Schist
173
Name 3 brands of Irish whiskey
Jameson, Bushmills, Red Breast, Tullamore Dew
174
Awatere vs Wairau climate
Awatere is cooler b/c more exposed to coastal winds
175
What are Tied-House Laws?
Laws that prohibit beverage suppliers (manufacturers, wholesalers, importers) from exerting undue control over retailers (restaurants, bars, liquor stores) & limit vertical integration (ownership in more than one tier); ***in a tide house, a producer of alcohol offers a retailer (on- or off-premises) of alcohol some inducement to sell product
176
What 2 DACs are permitted to produce rose?
Rosalia & Weststeiermark
177
Lheraud, Pierre Ferrand & Chx d'Orignac are producers of what?
Pineau des Charentes
178
What is a Bota NO in a solera? 3 factors that make it a Bota NO?
Bota NO: sherry cask that is not topped up in order to preserve its individualistic character; specific location of butt, different fill level, wood
179
What is the major soil type of Vouvray (including the TS & bedrock)
TUFFEAU LIMESTONE (Clay & Gravel TS over Tuffeau (Chalky LS))
180
Min aging for Cava Rsva
15 mo (18 mo 2021 on)
181
Best Napa vintage of the last 10 yrs
2013
182
Who puts the first commercial ripasso on the market? In what decade?
Masi (1980s)
183
What is the name and size of barrels used for Port?
Pipe: 550L (534.24L for shipping; aging in VNdG 620L)
184
What was Margaret River's first commercial wine?
(1st experimental plantings in 1966); 1971 Dr. Tom Cullity’s Vasse Felix label produced the first commercial Margaret River wine—Riesling
185
1st large Cognac house; century?
Martell (1715)
186
What are the 3 main flavors in London Dry Gin?
Juniper, Angelica, Coriander
187
Difference in pressure between Moscato d'Asti & Asti
max 2.5 / min 3 ***EU standard
188
WV vs Burg
Côte d’Or season compressed and shorter- budbreak a week later, véraison & harvest typically 5-7 days before. Higher summer temps, temps rise and fall more sharply in the spring and fall (more extremes).
189
Why is Sherry meant for biological aging typically located in botas lower in a bodega?
Due to the more Flor-friendly 1) cooler temperature as heat rises and the 2) more humid air, Sherry meant for biological aging is typically aged lower to the ground whereas Olorso sherries are aged higher as Flor is not vital to the aging process of these sherries.
190
In what year is Champagne first delimited? When is the Aube reinstated?
1911; 1927 (1911 + 16 = 1927)
191
What is Genever?
Type of gin made from a blend of 2 base spirits: 1) malt wine (pot-distilled grain spirit) & 2) gin
192
Who produces G3?
Penfolds (multi-vintage Grange; only produced 2x)
193
Max alcohol adjustment (decrease) in EU via separation / RO
max 2% dealcoholization
194
What is the oldest table wine company of Portugal?
JM Fonseca (José Maria da Fonseca is the oldest table wine company in Portugal. Founded in 1834, it is now in its 7th generation and sells its wines in all continents. Among its best known wine brands are Periquita and Lancers.The Most expense bottle is an 2008 PERIQUITA .By José Maria Da Fonseca price of 100k for an 15%vol.)
195
What is the major grape of Cassis?
Marsanne (30-80%) + Clairette; 60% combined Marsanne / Clairette
196
Who produced the first sparkling Franciacorta and in what decade?
Guido Berlucchi; 1961 ***same yr Richard Sommers plants OR's 1st PN ;)
197
What is a Marzen?
aka Oktoberfest; dark lager from Munich (brewed in March, lagered over summer, drank in fall)
198
What is Krug's late release bottling? NV?
NV: Grand Cuvée ***cuvée b/c blend of vintages
199
Name 2 producers based in Chehalem Mtns; what producers pushes for the Laurelwood AVA w/i Chehalem Mtns?
Adelsheim, Dick Erath, Ponzi V; PONZI ("P" for Proponent)
200
Specific soil type of Petrus
Smectite Clay: dense clay soil (The soil at Pétrus is predominantly clay, but incorporated into the clay is smectite, a volcanic mineral, that dramatically changes the soil’s physical and chemical properties. Conditions within damp smectite clays are so anaerobic that new roots struggle to grow, while old roots die. Consequently, the vines struggle to extract water from the soil despite the fact the clay feels wet to the touch. The expansion is so dramatic that after 10mm of rain, the soil self-seals at its surface, so in wet years like 1967, the vines can still be subjected to beneficial levels of water stress. Conversely in dry years, smectite clays shrink, and crack, encouraging water and root penetration, which in turn, maintain a restricted but valuable flow of nutrients and water to the vine,’ (John Atkinson MW, 12/2012).
201
3 Corton Ch producers
Coche Durey, B du Martray, Lucien Le Moine, Latour, Bouchard, Louis Jadot
202
1st vintage of Clos d'Ambonnay - when was it released?
1995; 2007 (12 yrs later)
203
VCIG of Asturias
Cangas
204
Name 3 PDOs for cider
Cotentin AOP
205
Chartogne-Taillet's prestige Cuvee
Fiacre (disc'd 2012)
206
What type of beverage is "Obstler"? In what country will you find it?
Fruit brandy (EDV) from Germany / Austria
207
TdC of Perrier-Jouet
Belle-Epoque
208
Who produces "Les Barres", "Les Orizeaux" & "Les Alliées"? Where are they from?
Chartogne-Taillet (Merfy, MdR) ***Les Alliées = 100% PM
209
Why do German sekt producers avoid long lees aging times?
Riesling is terpenic and acts differently to long lees aging. It can become too estery and throw off TDN aromatics.
210
2 rainiest Oregon vintages of the last 20 years
2007 & 2013 ***also 2005
211
Minimum vine age for CDP?
4 yrs old
212
What is the difference between Brouillis and Bonne Chauffe as it relates to Cognac production?
Brouillis: 1st distillation; Bonne Chauffe: 2nd distillation (distillation of the Brouillis)
213
What is Alomado as it relates to Sherry production?
Aserpia/alumbra refers to a method of collecting and retaining water for the hot, dry summers -- albariza is built in ridges between each row, acting as a reservoir. Alomado is the opposite - in years with excessive rainfall, troughs are created to channel out excess water.
214
What is Malbec originally known as in Bordeaux?
Pressac Noir (St Emilion)
215
Synonym for Malbac in BDX? Synoym for Carmenere in BDX?
Malbec: Pressac Noir
216
Min RS for VDN Moscatel Sherry
min 160 g/l RS (PX: 212)
217
What is the major wine style produced in Faugères AOC?
RED (all 3 produced, but almost all R)
218
What is the name for Priorat reds that spend 12 months in oak?
Vi de Guarda
219
2 top sites in the village of Spitz (Austria)
Axpointe, Singerriedel
220
Pinot x Gouais Blanc crossings
Chardonnay, Melon de Bourgogne, Gamay Noir / Blanc, Auxerois
221
The coeur makes up what % the brouillis in Cognac production?
40% (only the Coeur is used for Cognac (~40% of Brouillis))
222
What are the maximum yields for CDP
35 hl/ha (42 hl/ha including rape)
223
Minimum elevation for Dundee Hills? Chehalem Mtns?
Dundee Hills AVA: 200ft http://dundeehills.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/DHWA-Media-Kit.pdf
224
Two major soils of Anjou?
Noir (Schist) & Blanc (Tuffeau LS)
225
Name 3 producers of the Seven Springs vineyard
Evening Land, Walter Scott, St Innocent
226
Name 3 reasons a producer will choose to fine a wine
Clarify, soften tannins, reduce astringency, color adjustment, remove off aromas / flavors (i.e. H2s - Hydrogen Sulfide)
227
What 2 GCs of Alsace may produce blends?
Kaefferkopf, Altenberg de Bergheim
228
How long does GG R have to age for?
Sep 1, 2nd yr (1 yr oak); vs W: Sep 1, 1st yr
229
Domaine Bottling pioneer in Burgundy - what decade?
Marquis d'Anguerville; 1920s (think Mouton in BDX in 1924)
230
Name 3 Trappist breweries from Belgium
Chimay, Orval, Westmalle, Rochefort
231
What does clicquage replace? When does micro-bullage usually occur?
Racking ***micro-bullage applied to wine during vinification (usually b/w fermentation & malo vs clicquage applied to wine during elevage)
232
In order from coolest to warmest: Wachau, Kremstal, Kamptal
???? Coolest: Wachau; Kamptal
233
Les Griffons and Les Tourelles is the second wine of what chx?
Pichon Baron
234
Famous liqueur from the Loire?
Chambord
235
How was 2000 in Rioja?
Bad (rain!)
236
What is bench grafting?
Grafting done in nurseries; joins dormant cuttings of American species (rootstock) & european species (scion) together
237
Maximum SO2 permitted in "organic" wines from the EU; Demeter-certified wines?
(EU) W/R: max 150ppm; R: max 100ppm
238
The Macon lies between what 2 rivers?
W: Grosne
239
Cotes de Provence classfiied when? 3 producers?
Grand Cru Class (1955); Chx Minuty, Clos Cibonne, Chx de Selle
240
Major difference b/w Vintage Port & Crusted Port
Vintage Port comes from a single vintage - Crusted Port is a BLEND of vintages; Crusted: NV blend of (several) vintages; bottle-aged so there is sediment (ages in cask for up to 4 yrs, then 3 yrs bottle)
241
Paul Draper is the WM at Ridge from when until when?
1969-2016
242
What is rotling from Wurttemberg called? From Baden?
Wurttemberg: Schillerwein
243
Barossa OV Charter
OV: 35 y.o.
244
3 producers of Preuses
Dauvissat, Fevre, Chablisienne
245
Hendrick's country of origin and 2 major flavors
Scotland; rose petal & cucumber
246
How many biodynamic preparations are there?
9
247
Min % abv for Moncao & Melgacao
Min 11.5%
248
Min % Xarel-lo / Paralledo / Macabeo in Corpinnat
min 90%
249
Humidity % for growth of flor
70%-75%
250
2 agave-based spirits aside Mezcal
Raicilla & Bacanora
251
3 Alsace GCs with granite soils
Brand, Schlossberg, Sommerberg
252
Why does Merlot fair well in clay soils?
Merlot needs a lot of water - vines shut down under stress (clay has high-water retention capacity)
253
Rioja: best vintages 2000-2010
2001, 2004 / 2005; 2009 / 2010
254
3 reductive-style NMS of Champagne
Dom P, Roederer, Ruinart, Salon, Taittinger
255
Benefit & drawback of MCR dosage vs Liqueur d'Expedition
MCR Positive: > neutrality & freshnesss; made from grapes
256
"Made w/ organic grapes" max sulfites
< 100 ppm
257
3 effects of wind on berries
1) reduces fungal issues 2) reduces berry size and crop load 3) grapes produce thicker skins - more tannic / pigment / denser / darker fruit
258
What are 4 styles of Genever?
Jonge, Oude, Moutwijn (up to 100% Malt Wine), Corenwyn (min 51% Malt Wine) + Graanjenever / Grain Jenever: Genever made from 100% grain neutral-base spirit
259
What is the difference b/w chaptalization & enrichment?
Chaptalization = sugar only; Enrichment = sugar, concentrated grape must / MCR (clarified rectified must aka sugar from grapes vs beat sugar)
260
France's highest-yielding AOC
Champagne
261
Name a DOCG for Corvina-based wines outside of Valpolicella
Bardolino Superiore DOCG
262
Min alcohol Escenzia
1.2% - 8%
263
List vineyardsf from W to E (Mosel) - Goldtropfchen, Josephshoffer, Trepchen
Goldtropfchen, Josephshoffer, Trepchen ***river flows NorthEAST
264
What does "Garrafeira" indicate on a bottle of Portuguese DOP / IGP W & R?
W: 1 yr (6 mo bo); R: 2.5 yrs (1 yr bo)
265
Styles of wine permitted under Floc de Gascogne?
W & Rose VDL
266
Kicker cane - what is it and what is its purpose
Sacrificial canes that are left on spur-pruned vines during pruning. They can be used to devigorate the vine or to avoid frost risk to the shoots at spur positions. These shoots will go through budbreak first because of apical dominance, delaying budbreak in the remaining spurs, and eventually be removed.
267
Coolest Central Otago subzone; warmest?
Coolest: Gibbston; Warmest: Bendigo
268
Minimum % grape required to list a variety on a bottle of Argentine wine
80% (85% MBC in Lujan de Cuyo DOC)
269
"OPE" on a bottle of Greek wine indicates what style?
Sweet (OPAP is dry)
270
What is Massetto's 2nd wine?
Massettino
271
Anjou is at the confluence of which 2 geological features? Corresponding soils?
Armorican Massif: schist
272
3 reasons why Kamptal is cooler than Kremstal
1) < Panonian Plain influence...
273
Name 2 Champagnes made from 100% PM
Les Vignes de Vrigny (E-Ouriet); Les Barres & Les Alliés (Chartogne-Taillet); Les Beguines (J Prevost), La Vigne d'Or (Tarlant)
274
2 reason for Champagne riots in 1911
a) Aube not being reinstated; b) growers riot b/c paid very little for their grapes (big Champagne houses worked together to keep prices low, and if they couldn't buy from growers at a lower price, they'd get grapes from outside the region)
275
What is the parentage of Malbec?
Prunelard & Magdeleine N des Charentes
276
What is Pechuga Mezcal?
Mezcal distilled with nuts, spices, fruits & raw chicken
277
Name 3 members of Australia's First family of wines Australia; What are two reqs?
Tyrrels / Tahbilk, d'Arenberg, Henschke; min 20 vintages of production, family-owned, at least 1 Langton Exceptional wine, 2nd generation
278
Name 3 official Geographic Designations of Soave DOC
Carbonare, Foscarino, Monte Grande
279
Is irrigation legal in France? When?
Yes - from June 15-Aug 15; specific AOC regs supercede; permanent systems like Drip irrigation illegal
280
What style of wine is commandaria? What are the major grapes? Name 2 producers
Sweet (sometimes fortified) dried grape wine (blend of W / R); Mavro & Xynisteri
281
What does Franciacorta take its name from?
Francae curtes ("free courts") exempt from taxes during Middle Ages
282
What is the river of Salta?
Calchaqui
283
SZs of Cotes de Roussillon Villages
Caramany, Latour-de-France, Lesquerde, Tautavel, Les Aspres
284
What is the current prestige cuvee of Charles Heidseick?
Blanc des Millenaires (prev Champagne Charlie)
285
What does Envelhecido em Garaffa mean on a bottle of port?
Additional 3 years bottle aging for LBV (aka "bottle matured" therefore unfiltered / need to be decanted)
286
Who is the sole owner of Szarvas?
Monopole of Crown Estates Winery
287
"En barro" indicates what on a bottle of Mezcal?
Mezcal distilled in clay pots
288
What fruit is used in the production of kriek lambic beer?
Sour Morello Cherry
289
Elevage for Martinique? How long does Martinique "XO" have to age in oak for?
VO / Vieux: min. 3 years in oak barrels
290
Who produces Grand Cru Bruocsella and Cuvée Saint Gilloise?
Cantillon (Belgium); lambics
291
What are the 3 official sub-regions of Auckland
Matakana GI, Kumeo GI, Waiheke Island GI
292
Domaine de Canton is a producer of what?
Ginger-based liqueur from France
293
What is the soil of Beaumes-de-Venise?
LS
294
What is the only valley floor AVA of Napa Valley to expand its boundary to extend to high elevation?
Oakville (to include Dalla Valle)
295
What do the 5 numbers in the AP # stand for? What wines must have an AP number?
1) Location of exam. board; 2) Village where produced; 3) Producer; 4) Unique Bottling Code; 5) Year wine tested
296
Aging req for "Solera Gran Riserva" Brandy de Jerez
Brandy de Jerez Solera: 6 months
297
Auxey Duresses sits between what 2 villages?
Volnay & Meursault
298
AVA for Temperence Hill
Eola Amity Hills
299
What are 3 producers making wine from vines in the Roter Hang?
i. Kühling Gillot
300
The vineyards of Le Couchant, Le Coeur & Le Levant are associated with what winery?
Chx Rayas
301
Who produces Quinta do Tua?
Graham's
302
Name 3 examples of modern style Rioja producers
Marques de Riscal, Marques de Caçeras, Artadi, Sierra Cantabria, Benjamin Romeo
303
Paso Robles has how many AVAs? In what year?
11 AVAs in 2014
304
Appellation & last vintage of Jacky Truchot; who does he sell to?
2005; (Morey-St-Denis, G-C, Echx...); David Duband
305
What are three cooling winds that influence viticulture around the world?
Le Mistral
306
T or F: irrigation is permitted in the Wachau
TRUE; extremely dry
307
Country of the Sula Winery
India
308
Douro table wines have had their own DOC since when?
1979; https://timatkin.com/cork-talk/the-douro-valley/
309
Only method permitted for preserving Residual Sugar in Austrian Pradikatwein by manipulation:
Fermentation must be arrested through chilling, sulfuring & sterile filtration
310
What is Bacanora made from?
(From Sonora) Agave Angustofolia
311
Name 3 producers based in SLD
Shafer, Stag's Leap WC, Stag's Leap Winery, Clos du Val, Chimney Rock, Odette
312
What ocean current affects the climate of Margaret River?
Leeuwin Current
313
Name 3 countries that have experienced a nation-wide prohibition
US
314
What is the maximum % Viognier permitted in Cote Rotie AOC?
20%
315
Name 3 rye whiskies; 2 over $100 at retail?
Whistle Pig, Templeton, Woody Creek; Whistle Pig (Boss Hog), Pappy Van Winkle 13 y.o.
316
Sena is a collaboration between what 2 wineries/winemakers?
Errazuriz & Robert Mondavi
317
Name 2 Spanish ciders
Isastegi (Basque / Sagardoa); Trabanco (Asturias)
318
What wine is responsible for putting Willamette Valley on the map for high-quality Pinot Noir?
1975 Eyrie Vineyards South Block Reserve
319
Domaine du Castel & Golan Heights Winery are from what country?
Israel
320
RS ranges for Port
Extra-Seco: 17.5 g/l - 40 g/l
321
3 producers of Schlossberg Grand Cru
Trimbach, Weinbach, Albert Mann
322
Chile requires what % varietal / vintage / region?
75%
323
Vino Pagos of Navarra DO
Prado Iriche, B Otazu, Arinzano
324
What are the subzones of Navarra?
Ribera Alta, Ribera Baja, Baja Montaña, Tierra Estella, Valdizarbe
325
Name 3 SZs of Languedoc AOC & styles permitted for each
Cabrières, Grés de Montpellier, La Méjanelle, Montpeyroux, Pézenas, Quatourze, Saint-Christol, Saint-Drézéry, Saint-Georges-d'Orques, Saint-Saturnin, Sommières; all villages RED ONLY except Cabrières is Rosé & Red
326
Desert spoon refers to what spirit?
Sotol
327
Put the following in order from most expensive to least on release: Mondotte, Figeac, Canon la Gaffeliere
1) Figeac 2) Mondotte 3) Canon-la-Gaffeliere
328
What is Pelinkovac?
Bitter / herbal liqueur from Croatia / E Europe ***Pelinkovac = Croatian amaro! Don't confuse w/ Pelinka which is EDV from Hungray
329
What are "bancadas" as they relate to Ribeira Sacra?
Terraces
330
The highest-elevation vineyards reside in which Chianti Classico DOCG subzone?
Radda; 650m
331
Unique name for Santorini's volcanic soils
Aspa
332
Name 3 proucers based in Sanlucar de Barrameda
Barbadilla ("Solear"), Hidalgo ("La Guitana"), Rainera Perez Marin ("La Guita"), La Cigarrera
333
What characteristics of the soil contribute to Margaux being the first major commune to be harvested but also lead to it underperforming compared to its neighbors in vintages of drought and low rainfall?
a) The high amount of gravel in the soil combined with the lack of clay allow it to absorb more warmth and this combined with its southerly location lead it to be harvested first among the major left bank communes.
334
What is the most-planted grape of Croatia? What is its local synonym?
Grasevina (Welschriesling)
335
2 projects of Baron Philippe de Rothschild outside of Bordeaux with another producer
Almaviva (joint venture in Chile with and Concha y Toro) & Opus One
336
What are Alps called in Central Otago?
The Remarkables
337
Fanleaf Degernation is what type of disease? What is the effect on the vine & what is one way to prevent it?
Viral (nepovirus); low yields & poor fruit set (millerendage); Nematode-resistent RS
338
Segura Viudas is a producer of what?
Cava ("Reserva Heredad Brut Cava")
339
What's in an Aviation?
Gin, Lemon, Creme de Violette, Maraschino
340
Cooling geographic feature of McLaren Vale
Gulf of St Vincent
341
3 producers in Kremstal
Staadt-Krems, Nigl, Salomon-Undholf, Malat
342
When must an age statement be listed on a bottle of Bourbon?
Any bourbon aged less than 4 years must list an age statement
343
Best 2 Burg vintages of the 1990s
1990 & 1999
344
Top 3 1er crus of Meursault
Les Perrieres, Les Charmes, Les Genevrieres
345
What is in a sidecar?
Cognac, Lemon, Triple Sec
346
What is the "unofficial 8th" GC? Who owns it? What GCs does it sit between
La Moutonne; Albert Bichot's Long Depaquit; Preuses & Vaudesir (techn w/i Vaudesir)
347
What are the major grape / s of Haut Poitou AOC?
(Saumur); W: SB; Ro / R: CF
348
Who produces Redoma? What style of wine is it?
Niepoort's first Douro table wine
349
Quinquina & vermouth - what is the difference?
Vermouth = must have wormwood; Quinquina = must have cinchona bark (quinine)
350
When do dry wines overtake sweet in Australia?
1976 dry wines overtake sweet (1970s)
351
Saint Pourçain AOC grapes
W: 50-80% Chardonnay, 20-40% Sacy (Tressalier), max. 10% Sauvignon Blanc
352
What are three warming winds that influence viticulture in the world?
Levante
353
Where is the Durelle Vineyard? Grape?
Sonoma Valley; Chardonnay ***huge fruit source
354
1st Mexican winery to focus on quality
Monte Xanic
355
What soils are GV plated on in the Wachau and why?
Gruner needs a lot of water so it's planted on heavier / water-retaining loess soils farther down slope
356
Royal Stag Whiskey comes from what country?
India (Pernod-Riccard)
357
Navy Strength rum must be bottled at what minimum percent alcohol?
57
358
4 wines produced by Huet
Le Haut-Lieu, Le Mont, Clos du Bourg, Cuvée Constance (named for Gaston's mother; 1989)
359
What are the mats for drying PX in Sherry are called?
Esparto grass mats aka Redores
360
Communes of Savennieres
Bouchemaine, La Possonnière, Savennières
361
Name the berieche and gemeiden for the following: Felsenberg, Frühlingsplätzchen
Schlossbockelheim: Felsenberg
362
Country of O for the following beers: Heineken
Heineken: Netherlands (Holland); Bohemia: Mexico
363
Tarlant “Vigne d’Or” & Chartogne-Taillet “Les Alliés” are similar how?
Both Prestige cuvees that are produced from 100% Meunier
364
What causes botrytis in Sauternes?
Cool waters of Ciron + warmer water of the Garonne create the famous morning fogs in autumn that give rise to Botrytis cinerea.
365
What is Vino Naranja?
Spain's only aromatized wine appellation; white wine flavored w/ macerated orange peels & aged in solera from Condado de Huelva
366
What is the most-planted grape of Illmitz?
Welschriesling
367
What is Massetto named for?
Massi blue clay soils
368
Who produces Quinta do Bom Ritiro?
Ramos Pinto (in addition to Quinta do Ervamoira)
369
What is muroka sake?
Unfiltered (nama is unpasteurized)
370
What two geological features created the Rhone Valley?
The geological clash between the Massif Central & The Alps
371
2 fining agents used for WW
Gelatin: Effective in reducing bitter after-taste
372
What is boonekamp?
German term for bitters
373
Why can Cordon-trained vines be risky if planted in frost-prone sites?
Buds tend to push at the same time = > loss; to prevent this, kicker canes left to delay budbreak of remaining spurs
374
Please name 2 requirements for rive Prosecco Cone-Valdo
HH, Vintage, Superiore Styles only (no EB / no Dolce)
375
What 2 Champagne processes are not permitted for Bugey-Cerdon?
No tirage (b/c only 1 fermentation), no dosage
376
2 VIGNO producers; minimum vine age?
Miguel Torres, Garage Wine Co, Casa Lapostolle; 30 y.o.
377
The process of acidifying wine was invented at what winery?
Penfold's
378
3 GCs produced by Ravenot
Valmur, Le Clos, Blanchot **in the SE
379
% of grape fluids trapped in ice wine
10-20%
380
2 declared Port vintages of the 70s? 80s?
70s: 1970, 1977
381
What appellation is cider from Brittany produced under?
Cornouaille AOC
382
How long must Banyuls GC age in oak for? When can it be released?
30 months (can't be released until June 1, 3rd yr)
383
What is the purpose of a centrifuge in the winemaking process?
Clarification (replaces racking on a large scale0
384
Label Integrity Program - when was it established and what did it do?
1990 Vintage; 85% rule (grape / year / region)
385
Aligoté pioneer in the Cotes de Nuits
Domaine Ponsot (Monts Luisants)
386
What is dosage? What are 2 types of dosage?
Dosage: sugar added to Champagne after disgorgement
387
What are 3 Producers making Grand Cru wine in the Bas-Rhin of Alsace?
D Ostertag (Muenchberg), Albert Seltz (Zotzenberg), Willm (Kirchberg de Barr)
388
Name 2 Grand Cru vineyards with orientation N to S vs E to W and why?
La Romanee, Clos de Tart, Clos des Lambrays; limit EROSION (at least for La Romanee)
389
Cote Challonaise regions N to S
Bouzeron, Rully, Mercury, Givry, Montagny
390
What is the goal of Douro Boys & name 2 members
Quinta de Crasto, Q do Vale Meao, Niepoort; to promote Douro table wines internationally
391
Warmest region RB
CONDADO DO TEA
392
Traditional PGIs of Greece
Retsina & Verdea
393
Tawny Muito Velho? Velho?
Velho: 10 / 20 / 30
394
What is a Helles?
Pale lager from Munich
395
What are three aspects of a vineyard that may naturally protect it from frost?
High elevation as cool air tends to sink and warm air tends to rise.
396
Why would a producer choose to use Lyre Trellising?
To maximize sun (split canopy)
397
2 Champagne Prestige Cuvées produced exclusively as rosé?
Billecart-Salmon “Elisabeth Salmon”
398
Worst 2 NZ vintages of the last 5 years
2017 & 2018 (cool / rainy - tropical cyclades of South Pacific wipes out harvest!)
399
3 monopoles in Volnay and their respective owners
Lafarge "Clos du Chx des Ducs"
400
What wind is referred to as the Mange-Fange or "Mud-Eater"?
Mistral
401
2 ways to remove Brettanomyces in the finished wine?
a) Sterile Filtration; b) Reverse Osmosis
402
3 vintages of the 2000s in which no Special Club wines were produced?
2001, 2003, 2011
403
What 3 things does flor feed on (Sherry)?
Alcohol, oxygen, glycerine
404
What are 3 producers making wine from Perrieres 1er Cru in Meursault?
Roulot
405
Name 3 producers in Bas-Armagnac
(Bas Armagnac): Laubade, Legrande, Castarède, Darroze, Delord
406
How many sub-AVAs of Willamette V are there?
9 (as of 2020) ***same as # of biodynamic preparations
407
2 winds of western Languedoc
Cers (dry, cool Atlantic wind from W); Marin is a warm Mediterranean wind
408
Cheys vs Chaillées in Cote Rotie
Cheys: dry stone walls (b/c the "cheys" of BDX are surrounded by walls) - the stone walls support the terraces
409
1st winery to venture into Casa Blanca
Concha y Toro
410
Bikaver Assemblage
Bikavér: Bikavér must be a blend of at least 4 grape varieties, including 30-50% Kékfrankos. No single variety may be less than 5% or more than 50% of the total blend. Authorized varieties include Kékoportó, Kadarka, Blauburger, Zweigelt, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinot Noir, Menoire, Syrah, and a combined maximum 10% Turán and Bíborkadarka. "Superior" and "Grand Superior" wines allow a combined maximum of 30% Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc, a maximum of 5% Turán, and exclude Bíborkadarka.
411
Name an example of an Alkaline soil
(Alkaline aka basic = HIGH PH soils / above 7); Limestone, Chalk ***alkaline soils (aka high pH) produce wines with lower pH / higher acidity https://timatkin.com/cork-talk/a-wine-lovers-guide-to-vineyard-soils/
412
2 LDs of Savennieres
Clos du Papilon, Clos de Coulaine, Clos de la Hutte, Chamboureau
413
Wet Hopping vs Dry Hopping
Dry Hopping: refers to the point in the process the hops are added; adding hops late in the brewing process when beer is cold—either during fermentation or after during conditioning for aromas.
414
What are the four methods for flavoring a spirit? Briefly describe each method
Infusion, maceration, percolation + compounding (Maceration: steeping flavor agents in alc @ cool temp; Infusion: steeping flavor agents in alc @ hot temp; Percolation: (coffee)/base spirit pumped thru flavoring material)) ***think coffee & tea
415
Treasury Estate Ausie brands
Wynn's, Lyndeman's, PENFOLDS + Beringer (obvi US)
416
2 diseases spread via contaminated pruning tools
Fungal trunk diseases (Esca, Eutypadieback)
417
Les Grandes Places is a vineyard where?
Cote Rotie (Michel Gerin)
418
Cuvee Rare
Piper Heidsieck
419
What are "xabre" soils? Where will you find them?
Weathered sandy granite soils of Rias Baixas
420
What is a Bota Punta? Name 2 reasons for its unique flavor profile that deviates it from the rest of the solera
Bota Punta: barrel located at the end of the lowest row of casks & therefore has different characteristics
421
What is the minimum % Carricante in Etna Bianco DOC? Superiore? 2 complimentary grapes?
60% (80%); Catarratto, Trebbiano, Minella
422
Who produces "Garrus"?
Chx d'Esclans (1st premium Provence rose)
423
What is a license state?
State that uses the 3-tier system (b/c not required by federal law, it's a state thing)
424
4 countries that touch Black Sea
Bulgaria, Romania, Georgia, Russia, Turkey
425
Define: Foulage
Crushing
426
Deinfe: En Foule
Way the vines are planted when cultivated via provignange - "planted “en foule” (without any visible order) according to the provignage method, and worked by hand, is crafted the Vieilles Vignes Françaises cuvée:"
427
Please name 2 Single Quinta Vintage Ports from the Douro Superior
Taylor's "Quinta de Vargellas", Ramos Pinto "Quinta de Ervamoira", Quinta do Vesuvio, Dow's "Quinta Senhora da Ribeira"
428
What is the minimum % Erbaluce in Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG?
100%
429
How were Gimblett Gravels formed
It occupies an old river bed; flooding caused Ngaruroro River to change direction
430
5 Tokaji grapes
Furmint, Harslevelu, Sargomuskotaly, Zeta (Oremus), Kabar, Koverszolo
431
2 RSE examples in the new world
Great Dividing Range (NSW, Victoria)
432
What is Velvet Falernum? Country?
Low-alc rum-based liqueur flavored w/ ginger, lime, almond, clove, allspice (like orgeat but spicier); Barbados
433
What is the preferred soil type for Muscat of Rutherglen?
Rutherglen Loam (Black Dog is Sandy soil - not good for fortifieds - usedf or durif / dry wines)
434
Name 3 combes of the Cote d'Or
GC: Combe de Lavaux
435
Grape of Te Wahi and Te Koko
Te Koko (Sauv Bl)
436
What is the country of origin for "Boyar Estate"?
Bulgaria (Boyar E "Blue Ridge")
437
Name 2 of the 4 major European climatic influences affecting Austrian wine?
a) E: warm winds from Panonnian Plain; b) N: cold winds from Bohemia Forest; W: Atlantic-influenced maritime rains; s: warm air from
438
Rosa Kruger is assocated with what winemaking country? What did she do?
South Africa; founded SA's Old Vine Project (min 35 y.o. vines - same as VIGNO!)
439
Name 3 vineyards of Sta Rita Hills
Bentrock, La Rinconada, Sanford & Benedict, Fiddlestix,
440
Mtns NE of Franciacorta
Rhaetian Alps
441
Max yields for Banyuls GC
30 hl/ha (same as Banyuls AOC)
442
Quixote as it relates to Mezcal production
Flowering stalk of agave plant
443
1st vintage Seppeltsfield 100 y.o. Para
1878
444
Adjunct Lager
Corn / rice / etc used to lighten to flavor profile
445
What was the goal of the Flurbereinigung? When?
Consolidate vineyards so that they could be mechanized; 1950s (post-WWII)
446
Why can Phylloxera not exist on Santerini?
Low clay content in soils
447
3 wines of Huet?
Le Haut Lieu, Le Mont, Clos de Bourg; Cuvee Constance
448
3 properties owned by Reynaud family; what is Chx Rayas' 2nd wine & what AOC is it produced under?
Properties: Rayas, Chx des Tours, Fonsalette
449
What is the highest mtn of NZ & what GI does it affect?
Mt Cook; Waitaki
450
Why is biologically-aged Sherry aged at bottom of solera?
Cooler temps & higher humidity (throw water on ground)
451
Name 2 Premier Cru wines produced by Robert Chevillon?
Les Saintes Georges, Vaucrains, Les Cailles, Aux Chaignots, etc
452
What is the soil of Bairrada?
Limestone-rich clay (Barros / calcareous clay)
453
Describe 2011 in Germany; 2019?
2011: Extremely good quality, with yields back at average after two more depressed years. There is palpable excitement about these wines, with top quality examples across the board from trocken Riesling and Spätburgunder and record-breaking noble whites.
454
Tied-House Laws vs Three-Tier System
Tied-house laws govern how suppliers interact with retailers in order to prevent undue influence; the three-tier system is a licensing regime that dictates who can sell to (and who can purchase from) whom. Under a strict three-tier system, producers can sell only to licensed wholesalers; wholesalers can only sell to licensed retailers; and retailers, the only licensees permitted to sell to consumers, can only purchase from licensed wholesalers.
455
Keeving is a process utilized for what beverage?
Cidre Bouchet
456
What is Marco Real as it relates to La Mancha?
Checkered pattern planting in vineyards of La Mancha
457
2 Casella-owned brands
Yellow Tail, Peter Lehman
458
2 AOCs focusing on MRT in the Languedoc
Limoux, Malepere ***Cabardes are blends
459
Cream Sherry terms
Gold, Milk, Brown
460
What is "watering down" as it refers to vinfication?
Adding water to the fermenting must to produce > elegant wines or stretch the must https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-oct-27-fo-wine27-story.html
461
Yarra Valley's only Langton's Exceptional wine
Mt Mary "Quintet"
462
Which states Australia remains unaffected by phylloxera?
Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland, Tasmania
463
What is the minimum amount of alcohol a gin must have in the EU?
37.50%
464
3 Barons Lafites de Rothschilds projects outside France
CARO, Los Vascos, D du Long Dai, Rupert & Rothschild
465
2 reasons for Sta Barbara's long GS
1) Transverse Valley: cool Pacific Ocean wind & AM fog; 2) Less rain (can pick later) b/c of RSE from San Rafael Mtns(not an issue during harvest)
466
Natural frost protection of a vineyard
Elevation (cold air sinks), S-facing slopes, soil type (less clay / more gravel so warmer soil), planting cover crops (emits heat)
467
Min % abv for Beaujolais AOC vs Beaujolais AOC "Superieur"
10% vs 10.5%
468
Name 2 producers in Puento Alto DO
Almaviva, Vinedo Chadwick, Don Melchior
469
Quercus Alba is a reference to white type of oak?
American White Oak
470
How many ounces are contained in a 750ml bottle?
25.4 ounces
471
Define: Winzergenossenschaften
Co-op
472
Min abv for Austrian pradikatswein; German?
Austria: 5%
473
GCs of Gevrey Chambertin N to S east vs west side of Route des GCs
W: Ruchottes / Mazis, Clos de Beze, Chambertin, Latricières
474
Name main soil for following Grand crus of Alsace? Rangen, Brand?
Brand: granite; Rosacker: LS
475
Three producers of Clos Saint Jacques?
Armand Rousseau
476
What are 3 sparkling wines produced in California by Champagne houses & associated wineries?
Domaine Carneros (Taittinger)
477
Napa's first hillside vineyard: AVA, decade, producer
Diamond Mtn AVA; 1860s; Schramsberg
478
Dao Tinto Nobre grapes
(R) Min. 85% combined Touriga Nacional (min. 15%), Alfrocheiro, Aragonez, Jaen, Rufete ***Arrogent Alfio (Cavalotto) Rufied Jaen
479
What Napa AVA has the highest percentage of Merlot plantings? Cabernet Sauvignon?
Merlot: Oak Knoll District (20%)
480
Between 2010 and 2019, which two vintages in Burgundy were most affected by frost?
2016 & 2019 (esp CdB whites)
481
What is the country and beverage of Glenora?
Candaian Whisky ("Canda's only Single Malt Whisky")
482
Quinta de Cabriz, Quinta da Pellada and Casa de Santar are producers in what region?
Dao; (Q da Pellada = Alvaro Castro)
483
Name 3 producers of Spanish Vermouth
Yzaguirre
484
2 non Vinea Wachau members
Veyder-Malberg (Darth Vader b/c located far W) & Martin Muthenthaler
485
Soil of Saumur Champigny?
Tuffeau (chalky LS)
486
Min % alc for VDP GG
12% (11.5% Mosel)
487
Who makes Pliny the Elder (and Younger)?
Russian River Brewing
488
Schloss Johannisberg Kabinett color
Rotlack (Red)
489
Most planted grape of Douro
Touriga Franca
490
What body of water is affiliated with North Otago?
Waitaki River
491
Graves Superieur AOC G/S
Sweet White ONLY! (min 34 g/l RS)
492
3 nut-based liqueurs and associated flavoring
Frangelico (hazelnut - piedmont), Amaretto (Almond; i.e. Disaronno), Nocino (walnut)
493
Where are the Te Muna Terraces? Soil?
Martinborough; gravel
494
Name 2 Cava de Pajores & their respective producers
Juve y Camps "La Capella"
495
Best 2 vintages of 1970s for German Riesling
1971 & 1975 (+ 1976)
496
Min % abv for wine in the EU
min 8.5%
497
What is the highest DAC of Austria?
Vulkanland Steiermark
498
How is Calvados Pays d'Auge distilled? Calvados Domfrontais?
Calvados Pays d'Auge: Double Distillation in Pot Still (mandatory)
499
What is fukurozuri as it applies to sake production? What style of sake does it produce? Aka fukuro shibori
a method of separating sake from the lees without external pressure by hanging the mash in bags and allowing the liquid to drip out under its own weight. Sake produced this way is sometimes called shizukuzake (雫酒), meaning "drip sake"; Shizukusake
500
1st commercial winery in Rioja; decade?
Marques de Murrieta; 1852
