Random words to learn (1) Flashcards

Question

# adjective deliberate | /dɪˈlɪb.ər.ət/ ## Footnote Definition 1

Answer 1

(often of something bad) intentional or planned | cố ý, cố tình, có chủ đích ## Footnote * a deliberate attack/insult/lie * We made a deliberate decision to live apart for a while.

Answer 2

* A deliberate movement, action, or thought is done carefully without hurrying * to think or talk seriously and carefully about something | cẩn trọng ## Footnote * From her slow, deliberate speech I guessed she must be drunk. * The jury took five days to deliberate **on** the case. * **[ + question word ]** He's deliberating whether or not to accept the new job that he's been offered.

Answer 3

* awared of st, noticing st * (of action, feelings, etc) deliberate; done in a careful way * determined and intentional | nhận thức rõ/ cẩn thận/ có chủ đích ## Footnote - She’s very conscious of the problems involved. - I was vaguely conscious that I was being watched. - a conscious choice/ effort/ act - to make a conscious decision

Answer 4

being particularly interested in st | thích thú ## Footnote - to be environmentally/ politically conscious - they have become increasingly health-conscious

Answer 5

(Only before noun) very complicated and detailed; carefully prepare and organised | chu đáo/ tinh xảo ## Footnote - elaborate designs - She had prepared a very elaborate meal.

Answer 6

* to defeat sb/ st easily and completely * to show that an idea or theory is completely wrong | đánh bại/ phản bác ## Footnote - They demolished NewZealand in the final. - A recent book has dimolished this theory.

Answer 7

to destroy something | phá huỷ ## Footnote - The factory is due to be demolished next year. - The old slums are being demolished to make way for a new house project.

Answer 8

the way things are organized or happen in a particular situation, or the way someone wants them to be organized | trong tổng thể, trong cái nhìn hoàn chỉnh/ bản chất của sự vật, sự việc ## Footnote * Everyone has their role to play in the overall scheme of things. * Our problems aren't really that important in the grand scheme of things.

Answer 9

* a secret and dishonest or illegal plan (that will bring a good result for you) * an officially organized plan or system | Kế hoạch/ âm mưu; ý đồ/ sự phối hợp; sự sắp xếp ## Footnote - a scheme for manufacturing paper from straw - a scheme to escape taxes - a colour scheme

Answer 10

to make clever, secret plans that often deceive others | hoạch định, lên âm mưu ## Footnote * Her enemies are scheming her downfall. * All her assistants were scheming against her.

Answer 11

* the activity of guessing possible answers to a question without having enough information to be certain * the act of speculating in order to make a profit | dự đoán/ dự tính ## Footnote * Rumours that they are about to marry have been dismissed as pure speculation. * [ + that ] News of the president's illness fuelled/prompted speculation that an election will be held later in the year.

Answer 12

* (a way of) being saved from danger, loss, or harm * something that prevents danger, loss, or harm | sự cứu rỗi/ giải thoát

Answer 13

* (a way of) being saved from danger, loss, or harm * something that prevents danger, loss, or harm | sự cứu rỗi/ giải thoát ## Footnote That blanket was my salvation when my car broke down in the snow.

Answer 14

causing disagreement or discussion | gây tranh cãi

Answer 15

a large area of land such as a continent that is in one piece and not broken up by oceans, in which a continent can be a part or a whole | lục địa

Answer 16

as one thing or piece and not as separate parts | như một thể thống nhất??/ nhìn chung ## Footnote The festival will be great for our city and for the country as a whole.

Answer 17

considering everything; in general | nói chung ## Footnote On the whole, I'm in favor of the idea.

Answer 18

to change or arrange something again, in order to improve it | tái cơ cấu/ tái cấu trúc ## Footnote * We revamped the management system, but the business is doing no better than it was before. * The walled garden was completely revamped last year.

Answer 19

the process of changing or arranging something again, in order to improve it | sự tái cơ cấu/ sự tái cấu trúc ## Footnote * The company has spent $5 million on a major revamp of its offices. * He is planning a radical revamp of his squad.

Answer 20

a situation in which something is not likely to move or change the state of being firmly fixed or not likely to move or change | sự ổn định/ sự cố định ## Footnote economic and political stability I’m worried about his mental stability.

Answer 21

* a feeling of extreme worry, sadness, or pain * a situation in which you are suffering or are in great danger and therefore in urgent need of help * financial failure | lo âu, căng thẳng/ tình huống nguy hiểm/ sạt nghiệp ## Footnote * She claimed that the way she had been treated at work had caused her extreme emotional and psychological distress. * Many of the horses were showing signs of distress at the end of the race.

Answer 22

to make a legal action of taking and selling another person’s property in order to get money for a payment or debt that they owe | chiếm đoạt/ cưỡng đoạt/ thu hồi ## Footnote **Synonym: distraint, seizure**

Answer 23

the use of legal authority to take something from somebody; an amount of something that is taken in this way | chiếm đoạt/ cưỡng đoạt/ thu hồi ## Footnote * The court ordered the seizure of his assets. * the largest ever seizure of cocaine at a British port * The Act confers powers of entry, search and seizure on the police.

Answer 24

* exposure (to something) the state of being in a place or situation where there is no protection from something harmful or unpleasant * the fact of experiencing something new or different | sự tiếp xúc với/ rủi ro ## Footnote * prolonged exposure to harmful radiation * At high exposures, the chemical can affect the liver and kidneys. * (finance) the company’s exposure on the foreign exchange markets (= to the risk of making financial losses) * We try to give our children exposure to other cultures.

Answer 25

* the fact of having the true facts about somebody/something told after they have been hidden because they are bad, dishonest or illegal * the fact of being discussed or mentioned on television, in newspapers, etc. | sự phơi bày, tiết lộ/ quảng cáo ## Footnote * prolonged exposure to harmful radiation * At high exposures, the chemical can affect the liver and kidneys. * (finance) the company’s exposure on the foreign exchange markets (= to the risk of making financial losses)

Answer 26

existing in all parts of a place or thing; spreading gradually to affect all parts of a place or thing | Toả khắp. Lan tràn khắp, thâm nhập khắp. ## Footnote * a pervasive smell of damp * Her influence is all-pervasive (= it affects everyone and everything). * A sense of social change is pervasive in her novels. * the increasingly pervasive subculture in modern society

Answer 27

* an event, action or thing that is a sign that something exists or is happening; the act of appearing as a sign that something exists or is happening * an appearance of a ghost or spirit | sự biểu lộ, biểu thị/ dấu hiệu, điềm báo/ sự hiện hình ## Footnote * The riots are a clear manifestation of the people's discontent. * Some manifestation of your concern would have been appreciated. * The church is the site of a number of supernatural manifestations.

Answer 28

a feeling of being unhappy because you are not satisfied with a particular situation; something that makes you have this feeling | sự không hài lòng ## Footnote * There is widespread discontent among the staff at the proposed changes to pay and conditions. * (formal) There are a wide variety of popular discontents which need discussing. **SYNONYM: dissatisfaction**

Answer 29

a feeling of being happy or satisfied ## Footnote * He has found contentment at last. * a sigh of contentment **Synonym: satisfaction**

Answer 30

* important, serious, or related to real facts * having real importance or value | có thật, thực tế/ quan trọng ## Footnote * Substantive research on the subject needs to be carried out. * The documents are the first substantive information obtained by the investigators. * a substantive issue/matter * substantive talks/negotiations

Answer 31

* always behaving in the same way, or having the same opinions, standards, etc. * happening in the same way and continuing for a period of time | kiên định/ cố định, vững chắc ## Footnote * *(consistent in something)* She's not very consistent in the way she treats her children. * *(consistent in doing something)* We must be consistent in applying the rules. * There has been a pattern of consistent growth in the economy.

Answer 32

(of an argument or a set of ideas) having different parts that all agree with each other | vững chắc ## Footnote * a well-thought-out and consistent argument * His argument is not even internally consistent.

Answer 33

in agreement with something; not contradicting something | kiên định, cứng rắn với lập trường ## Footnote * The results are entirely consistent with our earlier research. * These findings are consistent with other studies. * injuries consistent with a fall from an upper storey (= similar to those such a fall would have caused)

Answer 34

that is a basic or permanent part of somebody/something and that cannot be removed | vốn có/ thuộc về ## Footnote * the difficulties inherent in a study of this type * Violence is inherent in our society. * an inherent weakness in the design of the machine **Synonym: intrinsic**

Answer 35

belonging to or part of the real nature of something/somebody | vốn có/ thuộc về ## Footnote * the intrinsic value of education * These tasks were repetitive, lengthy and lacking any intrinsic interest. * intrinsic to something Small local shops are intrinsic to the town's character.

Answer 36

to think or accept that something is true but without having proof of it | tin rằng, cho rằng, thừa nhận, giả sử ## Footnote * It is reasonable to assume (that) the economy will continue to improve. * Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds. * *(assume something)* Don't always assume the worst (= that something bad has happened).

Answer 37

* to take or begin to have power or responsibility * to begin to have a particular quality or appearance (= take on) * to pretend to have a particular feeling or quality (= put on) | đảm nhận, đảm đương/ mang, khoác, dưới dạng/ giả bộ ## Footnote * Rebel forces have assumed control of the capital. * The court assumed responsibility for the girl's welfare. * Goodman will assume the role of president. * In the story, the god assumes the form of an eagle. * He had assumed a stage Southern accent.

Answer 38

to defeat people or a country and then control them against their wishes and limit their freedom | xâm chiếm ## Footnote * The invaders quickly subjected the local tribes. * The Roman Empire subjected most of Europe to its rule.

Answer 39

to make somebody/something experience, suffer or be affected by something, usually something unpleasant | khiến ai đó phải chịu đựng, trải qua... ## Footnote * to be subjected to ridicule * The city was subjected to heavy bombing. * The defence lawyers claimed that the prisoners had been subjected to cruel and degrading treatment.

Answer 40

* to have or experience a particular thing, especially something unpleasant * only able to happen if something else happens (= depend on) | trải qua, chịu đựng/ tuỳ thuộc vào, phụ thuộc vào ## Footnote * Cars are subject to a high domestic tax. * In recent years, she has been subject to attacks of depression. * We plan to go on Wednesday, subject to your approval. * Moving all the books should not take long, subject to there being (= if there are) enough helpers.

Answer 41

to influence someone to behave or think in a particular way or to have a particular condition | khiến cho ai dễ thiên về/ lôi kéo ## Footnote * Individualism predisposes many people to look for individual solutions to social problems. * Your family history can help a doctor determine if you are predisposed to developing heart disease.

Answer 42

the state of being likely to behave in a particular way or to suffer from a particular disease | có khuynh hướng/ thiên về ## Footnote * She has an annoying predisposition to find fault. * There is evidence that a predisposition to(wards) asthma runs in families.

Answer 43

to be more likely than other people to have a medical condition or to behave in a particular way | có khuynh hướng/ thiên về ## Footnote * Researchers have discovered that the children of these patients are genetically predisposed to cancer. * The president is predisposed towards negotiation and favours a peaceful way of resolving the crisis.

Answer 44

* behaving or feeling in the way that a mother does towards her child, especially in a kind, loving way * related to a mother's side of the family | thuộc về, như thể người mẹ/ nhà ngoại ## Footnote * maternal instincts * She is very maternal towards her employees. * Her maternal grandmother (bà ngoại) is still alive.

Answer 45

* typical of or like a father, especially a kind father * coming from or relating to someone's father or his side of the family | thuộc về, như thể người cha/ nhà nội ## Footnote * He's very paternal with the baby. * My paternal grandparents (ông bà nội) were Irish.

Answer 46

* saying that someone or something is bad or wrong * giving opinions or judgments on books, plays, films, etc | chỉ trích, phê bình/ nghiêm trọng ## Footnote * a critical report * The report is highly critical of safety standards at the factory. * She has written a major critical appraisal/study of Saul Bellow's novels. * His last film won/received critical acclaim (= was praised by film critics).

Answer 47

* of the greatest importance to the way things might happen * extremely serious or dangerous | quan trọng/ nghiêm trọng ## Footnote * The president's support is critical (to this project). * a critical decision * Both drivers are critical/in a critical condition (= so badly hurt that they might die) after the 120 mph crash.

Answer 48

* the act of compiling something * the process of preparing a company's financial statements, based on information that is given by the management of the company * a book, CD, etc. that has been made from several separate parts | biên soạn/ báo cáo tài chính/ bộ sưu tập ## Footnote * A team of four was involved in the compilation of the book. * During a compilation the data is arranged into the conventional financial statement form, but it is not audited or reviewed. * a compilation of their greatest hits

Answer 49

public approval and praise | sự đón nhận, đón đọc, yêu thích ## Footnote * Despite the critical acclaim, the novel did not sell well. * Hamlet was played by Ion Caramitrou to rapturous acclaim.

Answer 50

* to give public approval and praise * to elect someone without opposition | đón nhận, đón đọc, yêu thích/ bầu (ai) làm ## Footnote * She was universally/widely/publicly acclaimed for her contribution to the discovery. * She is being acclaimed (= publicly recognized) as the greatest dancer of her generation. * Marion was acclaimed president of the club.

Answer 51

in a way that relates to facts and whether they are true or not | thực tế là, một cách thực tế ## Footnote * He's making statements that are not factually accurate. * If your article is not factually correct, we will have no choice but to sue you.

Answer 52

using or consisting of facts | mang tính thực tế ## Footnote She gave a clear, factual account of the attack to the police.

Answer 53

* Something, especially a gas or other substance, that is noxious is poisonous or very harmful * (esp. of a gas) poisonous or harmful | độc hại ## Footnote * They died from inhaling noxious fumes. * noxious gases

Answer 54

the structure of ribs that protects your heart and lungs in your chest | xương lồng ngực

Answer 55

* almost or very nearly the thing described, so that any slight difference is not important * created by computer technology and appearing to exist but not existing in the physical world | thực (tế)/ giả lập ## Footnote * Ten years of incompetent government had brought about the virtual collapse of the country's economy. * The company has a virtual monopoly in this area of trade. * The economy has come to a virtual standstill. * The country was sliding into a state of virtual civil war. * Analysts said the deal was a virtual certainty. * The stunning battle sequences almost make up for the virtual absence of a plot. * She was a virtual unknown when he cast her in the film. * In the game players simulate real life in a virtual world.

Answer 56

to make something happen | khiến, dẫn đến ## Footnote What brought about the change in his attitude?

Answer 57

(an organization or group that has) complete control of something, especially an area of business, so that others have no share | độc quyền ## Footnote * The government is determined to protect its tobacco monopoly. * Is Microsoft a monopoly? * The drafting of a new constitution cannot be a monopoly of the white minority regime (= other people should do it too). * He does not have a/the monopoly on (= he is not the only one who has) good looks.

Answer 58

having or trying to have complete control of something, especially an area of business, so that others have no share | độc quyền ## Footnote * She did not consider the fine a sufficient deterrent against monopolistic practices by big producers. * The company is accused of monopolistic behaviour.

Answer 59

* extremely beautiful or attractive * shocking or very impressive | đẹp lộng lẫy/ đáng kinh ngạc ## Footnote * a stunning dress * a stunning view over the bay of Saint Tropez * All the ideas have a stunning simplicity.

Answer 60

* something that you accept as true without question or proof * a willingness to accept something as true without question or proof | giả thuyết ## Footnote * People tend to **make** assumptions **about** you when you have a disability. * These calculations are based on the assumption that prices will continue to rise. * The plan was based on the assumption that the schedule could be substantially speeded up by adding more people.

Answer 61

the act of taking a position of power, responsibility, etc. | sự nắm giữ, việc nắm giữ ## Footnote * The revolutionaries' assumption of power took the army by surprise. * The assumption of responsibility for his wife and children shaped his character in a different way. * These measures were halted by Bush's assumption of the presidency. * They entered into a contract with the governor on his assumption of authority. * Many citizens supported the king's assumption of power at first.

Answer 62

in or at the beginning | ban đầu/ đầu tiên ## Footnote At first, I thought he was joking but then I realized he meant it.

Answer 63

to prevent yourself from saying or doing something, especially in a way that shows control, good judgment, or kindness to others ## Footnote * His plan was such a success that even his original critics could scarcely forbear **from** congratulating him. * The doctor said she was optimistic about the outcome of the operation but forbore **to** make any promises at this early stage.

Answer 64

patient and forgiving | kham nhẫn, vị tha ## Footnote The minister praised what he called her "kind and forbearing nature".

Answer 65

(mainly approving) to continue making an effort to do or achieve something, even when this is difficult or takes a long time | kiên trì ## Footnote * If you persevere long enough and work hard enough, you’ll eventually succeed. * I did not persevere **with** learning to play the violin. * We will persevere in this struggle for peace, no matter how long it takes. * The prime minister is aware of the risks of persevering with an unpopular policy. * He urged them to persevere in keeping the promises they had made.

Answer 66

having the quality of continuing to make an effort to do or achieve something, even when this is difficult or takes a long time | kiên trì ## Footnote * He was one of the most determined, stubborn, persevering people I had ever met. * She was persevering enough to reach the height of her ambition and become CEO. * They have a persevering spirit through hardship.

Answer 67

* (something that causes) difficult or unpleasant conditions of life, or an example of this * a condition of life that causes difficulty or suffering | khó khăn/ thời kỳ khó khăn ## Footnote * extreme/real/severe hardship * financial/economic hardship

Answer 68

Hasty actions are done in a hurry, sometimes without the necessary care or thought | vội vã, hấp tấp ## Footnote * He warned against making hasty decisions. * Now let's not leap to any hasty conclusions. * We saw the rain and made a hasty retreat into the bar. * I think perhaps we were a little hasty **in** judging him.

Answer 69

happening or done too soon, especially before the natural or suitable time | sớm, trước (= in advanced) ## Footnote * premature birth/death * a premature baby * Their criticisms seem premature considering that the results aren't yet known.

Answer 70

* to leave a mark on something that is difficult to remove * to permanently spoil something such as someone's reputation * If a material stains, it absorbs substances easily, causing it to become covered with marks, or coloured by a chemical | để lại vết/ vấy bẩn/ rỉ ## Footnote * Tomato sauce stains terribly - it's really difficult to get it out of clothes. * While she was changing the wheel on her car, her coat had become stained with oil. * Several important politicians have had their reputations stained by this scandal. * The country's history is stained **with** the blood of (= the country is guilty of killing) millions of innocent men and women.

Answer 71

* based on real facts and not influenced by personal beliefs or feelings * not influenced by personal beliefs or feelings; fair or real | khách quan ## Footnote * an objective and impartial report * I can't really be objective when I'm judging my daughter's work. * an objective opinion

Answer 72

something that you aim to do or achieve | mục tiêu ## Footnote * long-term objectives * His main objective this semester is to improve his grades.

Answer 73

the fact of being based on facts and not influenced by personal beliefs or feelings | sự khách quan ## Footnote * Surely true objectivity in a critic is impossible? * We should not lose our objectivity as we respond to the attack.

Answer 74

* not supporting any of the sides involved in an argument * able to judge or consider something fairly without allowing your own interest to influence you | trunng lập/ khách quan ## Footnote * impartial advice * A trial must be fair and impartial. * The jury has to give an impartial verdict after listening to all of the evidence.

Answer 75

* to take hold of something suddenly and roughly * to take something or someone away by force | chớp lấy thời cơ, giật lấy/ giật lấy (cướp) ## Footnote * He snatched the photos out of my hand before I had a chance to look at them. * Running the best race of his career, Fletcher snatched (= only just won) the gold medal from the Canadian champion. * The six-year-old girl was snatched from a playground and her body was found two days later. * She had her purse snatched (= stolen) while she was shopping.

Answer 76

* not long ago/before * by a very small margin; almost not. | chỉ vừa mới/ chỉ vừa đủ (suýt thì không được) ## Footnote * We've only just arrived. * He only just caught the train. * I can afford it, but only just.

Answer 77

to be in love with only one particular person | 🥺 ## Footnote I only have eyes for you 🙄 Ta chỉ muốn dành tình cảm của ta cho nàng.

Answer 78

* to force someone to go somewhere with you, often using threats or violence * to move a part of the body away from the central part of the body or away from another body part | bắt cóc/ cắt (bộ phận cơ thể) ## Footnote * The company director was abducted from his car by terrorists. * Listen for a clicking sound as the child's hips are abducted.

Answer 79

* unkind words or actions that make someone or something look stupid * to laugh at someone in an unkind way | châm chọc, chế giễu, miệt thị, nhạo báng ## Footnote * She was treated with scorn and ridicule by her colleagues when she applied for the job. * He's become an object of ridicule (= a person that everyone thinks is stupid and criticizes or laughs at). * She rarely spoke her mind out of fear of being ridiculed. * He was ridiculed for his ideas.

Answer 80

* to make it easy for people to attack you * to make it easy for people to laugh unkindly at you, etc. | tạo điều kiện để người khác tấn công, chỉ trích, chọc ghẹo, etc ## Footnote * You lay yourself open to ridicule wearing clothes like that. * She lays herself open to criticism with such unashamedly extreme views.

Answer 81

* to (cause someone or something to) move or fall suddenly and often a long way forward, down, or into something * to become lower in value or level very suddenly and quickly | lao xuống, nhào xuống/ giảm mạnh, sụt ## Footnote * We ran down to the beach and plunged into the sea. * The car went out of control and plunged over the cliff. * Cook the peas by plunging them into boiling water. * Niagara Falls plunges 55.5 metres. * The fall in demand caused share prices to plunge. * Our income has plunged dramatically.

Answer 82

* very shocked or surprised * arranged so that things happen at different times or so that things are not positioned in a regular way/ arranged in such a way that not everything happens at the same time | sốc/ lộn xộn, không nhất quán ## Footnote * **staggered at something** I was staggered at the amount of money the ring cost. * **staggered by something** I was staggered by her rudeness. * **staggered to hear, learn, see, etc.** We were staggered to learn what the painting was worth. * Cabinets can be hung at staggered heights. * staggered working hours (= people start and finish at different times) * a staggered introduction of the new system

Answer 83

having an equal or nearly equal number of members with opposing opinions, so that no decisions can be made ## Footnote * The general election in Britain was expected to result in a hung parliament. * a hung jury

Answer 84

in some countries, the group of (usually) elected politicians or other people who make the laws for their country | Quốc hội ## Footnote * On Tuesday the country's parliament voted to establish its own army. * She was elected to Parliament in 1997.

Answer 85

* to become, or cause something to become, full of folds that are not equal in size * If someone's face crumples, it becomes full of lines because of a strong emotion * If someone crumples, they fall to the ground suddenly | nhàu nát/ (một cảm xúc được biểu lộ rất rõ ràng)/ ngã bất ngờ ## Footnote * This shirt crumples easily * Her face crumpled with laughter. * The bullet hit him and he crumpled into a heap on the floor.

Answer 86

to write someone a letter, especially a short informal one ## Footnote * Just drop me a line when you decide on a date. * I hadn't heard from John in ages so I thought I'd drop him a line. * Could you drop her a line and ask her where she got her tent? I'd love to get one myself. * Drop us a line and we'll put your query to our panel of experts. * If I haven't heard from Amber by next weekend I'll drop her a line.

Answer 87

* to make a mistake, especially by not taking action or dealing with something that should have been planned for * to fail to keep working to reach a goal | gây tội, mắc lỗi (vì không tuân theo) ## Footnote * For God's sake don't drop the ball on this - we're relying on you. * The government has dropped the ball, he says, and should have seen this coming. * I'll freely admit to dropping the ball on this occasion but I'll fix it. * Public schools have dropped the ball when it comes to teaching kids about art and music.

Answer 88

to tell someone something in a way that is not direct ## Footnote * She dropped a hint that she'd like to come to the party. * He seemed to be dropping a hint that he might one day stand for leader. * I'd really love one of her paintings for my birthday so I've been dropping a few hints. * Do you think he was trying to drop me a hint? * He didn't say anything explicitly but dropped one or two hints about the future of the club.

Answer 89

* to walk or move with difficulty as if you are going to fall * to arrange things, especially hours of work, holidays, or events, so that they begin at different times from those of other people | đi loạng choạng/ sắp xếp lịch không đồng nhất (với người khác/ nơi khác) ## Footnote * After he was attacked, he managed to stagger to the phone and call for help. * figurative The company is staggering under a $15 million debt and will almost certainly collapse by the end of the year. * Some countries have staggered school holidays so that holiday resorts do not become overcrowded.

Answer 90

to cause someone to feel shocked or surprised because of something unexpected or very unusual happening | gây bất ngờ ## Footnote He staggered all his colleagues by suddenly announcing that he was leaving the company at the end of the month.

Answer 91

to crush a piece of paper until all of it is folded | vò, vo tròn ## Footnote Sylvie crumpled up the letter and threw it in the bin.

Answer 92

to make someone or something work too hard or carry, contain, or deal with too much | khiến ai hay cái gì quá tải, quá sức ## Footnote * Insurance companies are already overburdened with similar claims. * Now 5,000 new children will be attending the district's already overburdened school system.

Answer 93

* to say that something is true or is a fact, although you cannot prove it and other people might not believe it * to ask for something of value because you think it belongs to you or because you think you have a right to it | khẳng định/ đòi, nhận (cái gì đó là của mình) ## Footnote * [ + (that) ] The company claims (that) it is not responsible for the pollution in the river. * [ + to infinitive ] He claims to have met the president, but I don't believe him. * All parties have claimed success in yesterday's elections. * An unknown terrorist group has claimed responsibility for this morning's bomb attack.

Answer 94

* to make a written demand for money from a government or organization because you think you have a right to it * a right to have something or get something from someone | yêu cầu, đòi ## Footnote * The number of people claiming unemployment benefits has risen sharply this month. * Don't forget to claim (for) your travelling expenses after the interview. * UK When my bike was stolen, I claimed on the insurance and got £150 back. * UK If the shop won't give me a replacement TV, I'll claim my money back. * Our neighbours have no claim to (= cannot say that they own) that strip of land between our houses. * My ex-wife has no claims on me (= has no right to any of my money).

Answer 95

a long, flat, narrow piece | dải/ miếng ## Footnote * a narrow strip of land * He didn't have a bandage, so he ripped up his shirt into thin strips. * Protect the magnetic strip on your credit card from scratches, heat, or other damage.

Answer 96

* to remove, pull, or tear the covering or outer layer from something * to remove something from somewhere * to take something important, such as a title, away from someone, usually as a punishment * to take out everything that is not part of the structure of a room or building * to sell the assets (= valuable parts) of a company | lột, bỏ, tước lấy, etc. ## Footnote * Because of the pollution, the trees are almost completely stripped of bark. * The paintwork was so bad that we decided to strip off all the paint and start again. * [ + adj ] During the summer months, the sheep strip the mountains bare. * Huge areas of land have been stripped of all trees and vegetation. * When you strip the word from its context, it loses its meaning. * She said that these processed foods have been stripped of most of their nutrients.

Answer 97

to be likely to cause problems or difficulties for yourself | tự rước lấy rắc rối, rước hoạ vào thân ## Footnote Giving him such a powerful car when he's just started driving is asking for trouble.

Answer 98

If a past action, mistake, etc. comes home to roost, it causes problems at a later date, especially when this is expected or seems deserved | ác giả ác báo ## Footnote * All his earlier mistakes are coming home to roost. * We're dealing with decades of bad decisions that are coming back to roost now. * If we keep under-paying teachers and under-funding schools, eventually the chickens are going to come home to roost. * Men may now feel pressure to meet certain beauty standards, but considering what women have endured over the years, I would say the chickens have come home to roost.

Answer 99

to cause most of your problems or most of the bad things that happen to you yourself, because of your character ## Footnote Carrie is her own worst enemy - she's always arguing with people.

Answer 100

* to put questions to someone that you want them to answer * to test someone's or something's ability or quality; to be difficult for someone to deal with ## Footnote * Don't be afraid to ask questions of those with more experience. * She is inquisitive, forever asking questions of parents, teachers, and friends. * Members of the grand jury are allowed to ask questions of witnesses. * These trials and tribulations ask questions of our character. * The other team moved the ball around well and asked questions of our defence. * After this performance, some may ask questions of his temperament. * When you see others overtaking you, it makes you ask questions of your own ability.

Answer 101

* to show that someone is doing wrong * to trick someone into making a mistake * to put someone in a difficult situation ## Footnote * I suspected he wasn't telling me the truth, and one day I caught him out when I found some letters he'd written. * The examiner will try to catch you out, so stay calm and think carefully before you speak. * A lot of people were caught out by the sudden change in the weather.

Answer 102

made to look like the original of something, usually for dishonest or illegal purposes | (hàng) giả ## Footnote * counterfeit jewellery/passports/coins * This watch may be a counterfeit, but it looks just like the original. * Inspect the tickets carefully for possible counterfeits.

Answer 103

* If something is genuine, it is real and exactly what it appears to be * If people or emotions are genuine, they are honest and sincere | (hàng) xịn, ngon, chính hãng, etc./ thật thà và chân thành ## Footnote * genuine leather * If it is a genuine Michelangelo drawing, it will sell for millions. * He's a very genuine person. * Machiko looked at me with genuine surprise - "Are you really going?" she said.

Answer 104

* to form an understanding that is not correct of something that is said or done * to not understand or explain something correctly | hiểu sai/ giải thích sai ## Footnote * My speech has been misinterpreted by the press. * When we re-examined the regulations, we realized that we had misinterpreted them. * She felt that her comments had been misinterpreted. * **Synonym: misconstrue, misunderstand**

Answer 105

to form a false understanding of the meaning or intention of something that someone does or says to form a false understanding of the meaning or intention of something that someone does or says ## Footnote * She said Harris had misconstrued her comments. * Their caution was misconstrued as cowardice. * Johnson complained that his statements were misconstrued. **Synonym: misinterpret, misunderstand**

Answer 106

* an explanation or opinion of what something means * a particular way of performing a piece of music, a part in a play, etc. | sự giải thích, diễn đạt/ sự biểu diễn, trình diễn ## Footnote * The dispute is based on two widely differing interpretations of the law. * The rules are vague and open to interpretation. * It is difficult for many people to accept a literal interpretation of the Bible. * Her interpretation of Juliet was one of the best performances I have ever seen.

Answer 107

* to explain the meaning of something * to decide that something has a particular meaning and to understand it in this way * to translate one language into another as it is spoken * to perform a piece of music, a role in a play, etc. in a way that shows your feelings about its meaning | giải thích/ giải nghĩa/ dịch nghĩa/ biểu diễn, trình diễn ## Footnote * These results must be interpreted cautiously. * **interpret something as something** I didn't know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal. * The research focused on how parents interpret the behaviour of their toddlers. * She couldn't speak much English so her children had to interpret for her. * He interpreted the role with a lot of humour.

Answer 108

a lurking feeling exists, although it may not be very strong, and will not go away a lurking person or animal is waiting where he, she, or it cannot be seen, usually waiting to attack or do something bad | tờ mờ, ẩn/ rình rập, ẩn nấp ## Footnote * I have some lurking doubts about whether Simon is really capable of doing this job. * She said she had a lurking suspicion that he wasn't telling the truth. * Her privacy could be invaded at any time by a lurking photographer. * a lurking predator

Answer 109

to wait or move in a secret way so that you cannot be seen, especially because you are about to attack someone or do something wrong (of an unpleasant feeling or quality) to exist although it is not always noticeable | ẩn nấp, rình rập ## Footnote * Someone was lurking in the shadows. * Why are you lurking around in the hallway? * Danger lurks around every corner. * It seems that old prejudices are still lurking beneath the surface.

Answer 110

to represent or describe someone or something in a painting, film, book, or other artistic work | phác hoạ ## Footnote * The painting portrays a beautiful young woman in a blue dress. * The writer portrays life in a small village at the turn of the century.

Answer 111

a usually public sale of goods or property, where people make higher and higher bids (= offers of money) for each thing, until the thing is sold to the person who will pay most | đấu giá ## Footnote * a furniture auction * They're holding an auction of jewellery on Thursday. * The painting will be sold at auction next week. * The house and its contents are being put up for auction.

Answer 112

* to make a liquid stronger or purer by heating it until it changes to a gas and then cooling it so that it changes back into a liquid * to get or show only the most important part of something | chưng cất/ chắt lọc, đúc kết (chỉ giữ phần quan trọng) ## Footnote * Some strong alcoholic drinks such as whiskey are made by distilling. * Over 80 hours of footage have been distilled into these 40 minutes. * useful advice distilled from a lifetime's experience

Answer 113

* a member of the most developed and intelligent group of mammals, including humans, monkeys, and apes * a priest with the highest position in his country | linh trưởng/ linh mục trưởng ## Footnote * a member of the most developed and intelligent group of mammals, including humans, monkeys, and apes * He was made the Roman Catholic Primate of All Ireland last year.

Answer 114

to make something less pure or make it poisonous | làm ô uế, ô nhiễm, đầu độc ## Footnote Much of the coast has been contaminated by nuclear waste. The food which had been contaminated was destroyed.

Answer 115

seeming to surround the audience, player, etc. so that they feel completely involved in something | nhập vai ## Footnote * an immersive theatrical experience * The new game is more immersive.

Answer 116

* (a situation causing) difficulty or trouble * a situation that causes difficulty or trouble, or an argument | tình thế khó khăn; sự cãi vã; cuộc cãi vã ## Footnote * I can't face the hassle of moving again. * My boss has been giving me a lot of hassle this week. * It's one of the few bars that women can go to and not get any hassle from men. * It was such a hassle trying to get my bank account changed that I nearly gave up. * I should have taken it back to the shop but I just didn't think it was worth (all) the hassle. * Bad weather was the major hassle during our trip. * I got into a hassle with my father about being late.

Answer 117

to annoy someone, especially by repeatedly asking them something | cãi vã/ quấy rối, quấy rầy ## Footnote * I'll do it in my own time - just stop hassling me! * [ + to infinitive ] The children keep hassling me to take them to Disneyland.

Answer 118

* sheltered from direct light from the sun/ dishonest or illegal * dishonest or illegal | râm mát, có bóng, ở trong bóng/ không trong sạch, bất hợp pháp ## Footnote * We sat on the shady grass for our picnic. * They know some very shady characters. * He was involved in shady deals in the past.

Answer 119

(of actions) having no effect or achieving nothing | vô ích/ vô tích sự ## Footnote * Attempts to get supplies to the region are futile because troops will not allow the aid convoy to enter the city. * It's completely futile trying to reason with him - he just won't listen. * All my attempts to cheer her up proved futile.

Answer 120

* If an action or attempt to do something is fruitless, it is unsuccessful or produces nothing of value * unsuccessful or not productive | không có thành quả ## Footnote * All diplomatic attempts at a peaceful solution to the crisis have been fruitless. * After months of fruitless negotiations with team owners, the city withdrew its offer to build a new stadium.

Answer 121

* involving diplomats or the management of the relationships between countries * **(approving)** acting in a way that does not cause offence | mang tính ngoại giao/ cởi mở, giao thiệp, khôn khéo ## Footnote * diplomatic negotiations * Ask him nicely - be diplomatic.

Answer 122

* an official whose job is to represent one country in another, and who usually works in an embassy * a person who is skilled at dealing with difficult situations in a way that does not offend people | nhà ngoại giao/ người giao thiệp, khéo léo ## Footnote * a Spanish/British diplomat * She is a skilled diplomat and an expert negotiator.

Answer 123

* unsuccessful; of no value/ useless; failing to achieve a purpose * too interested in your own appearance or achievements/ too proud of yourself, esp. in your appearance or achievements | vô ích, không có kết quả/ tự phụ, tự đắc ## Footnote * The doctors gave him more powerful drugs in the vain hope that he might recover. * It was vain to pretend to himself that he was not disappointed. * a vain attempt to avoid responsibility * Employers clearly hoped that the workers would stay longer, but their efforts were largely in vain (= unsuccessful). * He was very vain about his hair and his clothes.

Answer 124

unsuccessfully | vô vọng, vô ích ## Footnote * I tried in vain to start a conversation. * All the police's efforts to find him were in vain.

Answer 125

producing good results | có thành quả, có hiệu quả ## Footnote It was a most fruitful discussion, with both sides agreeing to adopt a common policy. He had a long and fruitful career as a research chemist.

Answer 126

* able to produce the intended result * (used about a treatment or drug) working well under carefully controlled scientific testing conditions | hữu hiệu ## Footnote * We believe that educational or counselling schemes are a more efficacious way of dealing with this problem than harsh sanctions. * Two versions of the vaccine have been shown in trials to be between 90% and 95% efficacious. **synonym: effective**

Answer 127

* unpleasant, unkind, cruel, or more severe than is necessary * too strong, bright, loud, etc. | cay nghiệt, khắc nghiệt/ (ánh sáng, nhiệt độ, âm thanh, etc.) rất mạnh ## Footnote * harsh criticism * The children had had a harsh upbringing. * We thought the punishment was rather harsh for such a minor offence. * "There is no alternative," she said in a harsh voice. * He said some harsh words (= spoke unkindly) about his brother. * harsh chemicals/lighting

Answer 128

When an attempt to do something is unavailing, it is unsuccessful or has no positive effect | vô ích, không tác dụng ## Footnote Diplomatic efforts at peace-making have so far proved unavailing. **Synonym: abortive, fruitless, ineffectual, futile**

Answer 129

the fact of having no effect or of achieving nothing | sự vô ích, sự không tác dụng ## Footnote * "What's his latest book about?" "Oh, the usual - the transience of love and the futility of life." * People have got tired of the futility of war.

Answer 130

to copy the way in which a particular person usually speaks and moves, usually in order to make people laugh | bắt chước ## Footnote She was mimicking the various people in our office.

Answer 131

a person who can copy the sounds or movements of other people | người có khiếu bắt chước ## Footnote She's a fantastic mimic.

Answer 132

copying the behaviour or appearance of somebody/something else | (mang tính) bắt chước ## Footnote mimetic art/literature (= that copies real life)

Answer 133

to sell tickets for a popular event illegally, at a price that is higher than the official price, especially outside a theatre, stadium, etc. | phe vé

Answer 134

* the funny or strange aspect of a situation that is very different from what you expect; a situation like this * the use of words that say the opposite of what you really mean, often as a joke and with a tone of voice that shows this | sự trớ trêu/ sự mỉa mai, châm biếm ## Footnote * It was one of life's little ironies. * the irony (is) that… The irony is that when he finally got the job, he discovered he didn't like it. * ‘England is famous for its food,’ she said with heavy irony. * There was a note of irony in his voice. * She said it without a hint/trace of irony.

Answer 135

* showing that you really mean the opposite of what you are saying; expressing irony * (of a situation) strange or funny because it is very different from what you expect | mỉa mai, châm biếm/ trớ trêu ## Footnote * an ironic comment * **It's ironic that** she became a teacher—she used to hate school.

Answer 136

the opinion that people have about what somebody/something is like, based on what has happened in the past | danh tiếng, tiếng xấu/ tốt, etc... ## Footnote * to have a good/bad reputation * to build/earn/ damage/tarnish/ruin a reputation * She soon established a reputation **as** a first-class cook. * The company enjoys an international reputation **for** quality of design. * a politician with a reputation for honesty * I'm aware of Mark's reputation **for being** late. * He has the reputation **of being** a hard worker. * The weather in England is living up to its reputation (= is exactly as expected). * She is, **by reputation**, very difficult to please.

Answer 137

to feel bitter or angry about something, especially because you feel it is unfair | cay cú, cáu giận ## Footnote * **resent something/somebody** I deeply resented her criticism. * The children resented the new woman in their father’s life. * **resent doing something** He bitterly resents being treated like a child. * **resent somebody doing something** She resented him making all the decisions. * (formal) She resented his making all the decisions.

Answer 138

* [transitive, intransitive] to go to somebody for information or advice or permission * [transitive] consult something to look in or at something to get information = **refer to** | tư vấn/ tham khảo ý kiến, bàn bạc, hỏi han/ tham khảo ## Footnote * consult somebody If the pain continues, consult your doctor. * consult somebody about something Have you consulted your lawyer about this? * a consulting engineer (= one who has expert knowledge and gives advice) * consult with somebody (about/on something) Consult with your physician about possible treatments. * He consulted the manual. * If you're not sure which plug to buy, consult the manual.

Answer 139

* (of people) unable to express yourself clearly, often because of emotion * (of sounds) not clear and hard to understand * not logical or well organized | không diễn đạt rõ ràng/ không rõ ràng/ không logic, khó hiểu ## Footnote * She broke off, incoherent with anger. * Rachel whispered something incoherent. * an incoherent policy * The present, incoherent system does need reform. * The theory was outdated and incoherent.

Answer 140

* (of ideas, thoughts, arguments, etc.) logical and well organized; easy to understand and clear * (of a person) able to talk and express yourself clearly | rõ ràng, rành mạch, dễ hiểu/ trôi chảy ## Footnote * a coherent narrative/account/explanation * a coherent policy for the transport system * She only became coherent again two hours after the attack. * You're not being very coherent.

Answer 141

impossible to understand | khó hiểu, không thể hiểu nổi ## Footnote * She turned away and muttered something unintelligible. * **unintelligible to somebody** A lot of the jargon they use is unintelligible to outsiders.

Answer 142

a journey by sea, visiting different places, especially as a holiday | chuyến du lịch biển ## Footnote * I'd love to go on a round-the-world cruise. * a luxury cruise ship

Answer 143

the crime of entering a building illegally and stealing things from it | trộm cắp ## Footnote * The youth was charged with three counts of burglary. * a rise in the number of burglaries committed in the area * Audio equipment was stolen in a burglary at the mall. **synonym: housebreaking**

Answer 144

* to take a strong hold of somebody/something (= grip) * to understand something completely | nắm, giữ/ hiểu ## Footnote * He grasped her hand as if he want to keep her his for the rest of his life. * Kay grasped him by the wrist. * **grasp something** They failed to grasp the importance of his words. * **grasp how, why, etc…** She was unable to grasp how to do it. * **grasp that…** It took him some time to grasp that he was now a public figure.

Answer 145

* (formal) to give out something to people * (formal) to provide something, especially a service, for people * to prepare medicine and give it to people, as a job | phân chia, phân phối, phân phát/ chuẩn bị thuốc ## Footnote * The machine dispenses a range of drinks and snacks. * He dispensed hospitality lavishly in an effort to win votes. * The organization dispenses free healthcare to those who need it. * to dispense justice/advice * A pharmacist will never dispense a prescription unless they know it is genuine. * (British English) to dispense medicine * (British English) The ethanol should be available from any dispensing chemist.

Answer 146

friendly and generous behaviour towards guests food, drink or services that are provided by an organization for guests, customers, etc. | lòng mến khách/ ngành dịch vụ ## Footnote * Thank you for your kind hospitality. * We were entertained in the company's hospitality suite. * Their company organizes corporate hospitality tents at major outdoor sporting events. * the hospitality industry (= hotels, restaurants, etc.)

Answer 147

* **hospitable (to/towards somebody)** (of a person) pleased to welcome guests; generous and friendly to visitors * having good conditions that allow things to grow; having a pleasant environment | hiếu khách/ (điều kiện/ môi trường) thuận lợi ## Footnote * The local people are very hospitable to strangers. * He thanked Patricia for being such a hospitable hostess. * a hospitable climate

Answer 148

similar in every detail | y hệt/ là một ## Footnote * a row of identical houses * The two pictures are similar, although not identical. * **identical to somebody/something** Her dress is almost identical to mine. * **identical with somebody/something** The name on the ticket should be identical with the one in the passport. * This is the identical (= the same) room we stayed in last year.

Answer 149

* a small group of things or people very close together, especially trees or plants; a bunch of something such as grass or hair * the sound made by somebody putting their feet down very heavily | một đám, một búi/ tiếng chân (nặng nề) ## Footnote * a clump of trees/bushes * I heard the heavy clump of feet on the stairs.

Answer 150

a thin stem that supports a leaf, flower or fruit and joins it to another part of the plant or tree; the main stem of a plant a long, thin structure that supports something, especially an organ in some animals, and joins it on to another part | cành, cuống ## Footnote * flowers on long stalks * celery stalks * He ate the apple, stalk and all. * Crabs have eyes on stalks.

Answer 151

* a small container that has a measured amount of a medicine inside and that dissolves (= becomes part of a liquid) when you swallow it (= make it go down your throat into your stomach) * a shell or container for seeds or eggs in some plants and animals | viên nhộng/ vỏ ## Footnote * The medicine can be taken in tablet or capsule form. * Take two 30ml capsules a day.

Answer 152

* the fact that something must happen or be done; the need for something * a thing that you must have and cannot manage without * a situation that must happen and that cannot be avoided | sự cần thiết/ thứ cần thiết/ điều cần thiết ## Footnote **necessity for something** We recognize the necessity for a written agreement. **necessity of (doing) something** We were discussing the necessity of employing more staff. **necessity (for somebody)** to do something There had never been any necessity for her to go out to work. **of necessity** This is, of necessity, a brief and incomplete account. **out of necessity** He is changing job out of necessity, not because he particularly wants to.

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