Randomised Test (Midterm I) [COMPLETE]

Question 1

Answer 1

Name: Cucurbita pepo / Marrow

Family: Cucurbitaceae / Gourd Family

Forage: Fleshy Forages

Nutritive Value: 90-95% Water, High in beta-carotene, 30% oil in seeds

Antinutritive Value: Cucurbitacins

Antinutritive Effect: Digestive problems, excess salivation, vomiting.

Question 2

Answer 2

Name: Triticum aestivum / Common Bread Wheat

Family: Poaceae / Grass Family

Forage: Cereal

Nutritive Value: Low Protein (6-12%), High Starch

Antinutritive Value: Gluten, Arabinoxylan, Phytates

Antinutritive Effect:

Gluten - Abnormal immune response

Arabinoxylan - Gelling and sticky faeces

Phytates - Decrease food conversion rate

Question 3

Answer 3

Name: Brassica oleracea confar. Acephala / Forage Kale

Family: Brassicaceae / Mustard Family

Forage: Fleshy Forages

Nutritive Value: 15-20% Protein, High Vitamin C

Antinutritive Value: Glucosinolates, SMCO, Nitrates

Antinutritive Effect:

Glucosinolates - suppress thyroid hormones

SMCO - Digestion dysfunction, liver and kidney damage

Nitrate Ions - Anoxia

Question 4

Answer 4

Name: Vicia faba / Field [horse] bean

Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family

Forage: Pulse Crop

Nutritive Value: High in Vitamin B and E

Antinutritive Value: Seed Coat High in Tannins

Antinutritive Effect: Favism, Haemolytic Aneaemia, Damage to RBC Membrane

Question 5

Answer 5

Name: Secale cereale / Rye

Family: Poaceae / Grass Family

Forage: Cereal

Nutritive Value: Lower Protein and Gluten content than wheat

Antinutritive Value: Secalin, Phytates, Host of Ergot Fungus

Antinutritive Effect:

Secalin - Abnormal immune response

Phytates - Decreased food conversion rate

Question 6

Answer 6

Name: Onobrychis viciifolia / Sain Foin

Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family

Forage: Forage Legumes

Nutritive Value: High Protein and Fibre

Antinutritive Value: Phytoestrogens in long term consumption

Antinutritive Effect: Bitter Milk, Decreased Fertility, Abortion

Question 7

Answer 7

Name: Trifolium incarnatum / Crimson Clover

Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family

Forage: Forage Legumes

Nutritive Value: High Quality Hay with 25% Protein content, High Fibre

Antinutritive Value: Phytoestrogens, Phytoporphyrins

Antinutritive Effect:

Phytoestrogens: Abortion, Decreased fertility, Bitter Milk

Phytoporphyrins: Photosensitisation and liver damage

Question 8

Answer 8

Name: Brassica oleracea confar. Acephala / Forage Kale

Family: Brassicaceae / Mustard Family

Forage: Fleshy Forages

Nutritive Value: 15-20% Protein, High Vitamin C

Antinutritive Value: Glucosinolates, SMCO, Nitrates

Antinutritive Effect:

Glucosinolates - suppress thyroid hormones

SMCO - Digestion dysfunction, liver and kidney damage

Nitrate Ions - Anoxia

Question 9

Answer 9

Name: Medicago sativa / Alfaalfa, Lucerne

Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family

Forage: Forage Legumes

Nutritive Value: High Protein and Fibre

Antinutritive Value: Lucern Saponins and Proteins

Antinutritive Effect: Throthy Bloat

Question 10

Answer 10

Name: Lupinus luteus / Yellow Lupine

Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family

Forage: Pulse Crop

Nutritive Value: High Protein (38-40%)

Antinutritive Value: Quinolysidine Alkaloids

Antinutritive Effect: Spasms, seizures, loss of coordination

Question 11

Answer 11

Name: Linum usitatissimum / Flax

Family: Linaceae / Flax Family

Forage: Oil Plant

Nutritive Value: High Omega-3 / Omega-6

Antinutritive Value: Cyanogenic glycosides, Linatin

Antinutritive Effect:

Cyanogenic Glycosides: Releases Hydrogen Cyanide

Linatin: Antagonist of Vitamin B₆

Question 12

Answer 12

Name: Helianthus annus / Sun Flower

Family: Asteraceae / Daisy Family

Forage: Oil Plant

Nutritive Value: High Linoleic Acid

Antinutritive Value: Residue of Solvents in the Fruit

Antinutritive Effect: Fruit Wall Irritates the Mouth

Question 13

Answer 13

Name: Sorghum bicolor / Grain Sorghum

Family: Poaceae / Grass Family

Forage: Cereal

Nutritive Value: Similar to barley, more energy and less protein

Antinutritive Value: Cyanogenic glycosides in young leafs and shoots

Antinutritive Effect: Cyanide poisoning in blood, death, pink mucous membranes

Question 14

Answer 14

Name: Zea mays / Maize, Corn

Family: Poaceae / Grass Family

Forage: Cereal

Nutritive Value: High energy, High starch, Low protein, Carotenoids

Antinutritive Value: Nil

Antinutritive Effect: Nil

Question 15

Answer 15

Name: Hordeum vulgare / Six Row Winter Barley

Family: Poaceae / Grass Family

Forage: Cereal

Nutritive Value: Low gluten, 11% protein, low lysine, high fibre (4-5%)

Antinutritive Value: Hordein, Phytates

Antinutritive Effect:

Hordein - Abnormal immune response

Phytates - Decreased food conversion rate

Question 16

Answer 16

Name: Brassica napus / Oil Seed Rape

Family: Brassicaceae / Mustard Family

Forage: Oil Plant

Nutritive Value: Many Oleic Acids

Antinutritive Value: Glucosinolates, Erucic Acid (40-45%)

Antinutritive Effect:

Glucosinolates: Disrupts thyroid gland productivity

Erucic Acid:Growth depression. Kidney, liver and cardiac muscle damage.

Question 17

Answer 17

Name: Claviceps purpurea / Ergot Fungus

Family: Clavicipitaceae

Forage: Fungus

Nutritive Value: Nil

Antinutritive Value: Ergotamine, Ergometrine, Ergoclavine

Antinutritive Effect: Gangrene, distal limbs fall off, swollen joints, poor circulation, death in high doses.

Question 18

Answer 18

Name: Trifolium pratense / Red Clover

Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family

Forage: Forage Legumes

Nutritive Value: High fibre and Protein

Antinutritive Value: Phytoestrogens, Phytoporphyrins

Antinutritive Effect:

Phytoestrogens: Abortion, Decreased fertility, Bitter Milk

Phytoporphyrins: Photosensitisation and liver damage

Question 19

Answer 19

Name: Brassica napus / Oil Seed Rape

Family: Brassicaceae / Mustard Family

Forage: Oil Plant

Nutritive Value: Many Oleic Acids

Antinutritive Value: Glucosinolates, Erucic Acid (40-45%)

Antinutritive Effect:

Glucosinolates: Disrupts thyroid gland productivity

Erucic Acid:Growth depression. Kidney, liver and cardiac muscle damage.

Question 20

Answer 20

Name: Secale cereale / Rye

Family: Poaceae / Grass Family

Forage: Cereal

Nutritive Value: Lower Protein and Gluten content than wheat

Antinutritive Value: Secalin, Phytates, Host of Ergot Fungus

Antinutritive Effect:

Secalin - Abnormal immune response

Phytates - Decreased food conversion rate

Question 21

Answer 21

Name: Sorghum drummondii / Sudan Grass

Family: Poaceae / Grass Family

Forage: Cereal

Nutritive Value: Similar to corn, higher protein

Antinutritive Value: Cyanogenic glycosides in young leafs and shoots

Antinutritive Effect: Cyanide poisoning in blood, death, pink mucous membranes

Question 22

Answer 22

Name: Triticum aestivum / Common Bread Wheat

Family: Poaceae / Grass Family

Forage: Cereal

Nutritive Value: Low Protein (6-12%), High Starch

Antinutritive Value: Gluten, Arabinoxylan, Phytates

Antinutritive Effect:

Gluten - Abnormal immune response

Arabinoxylan - Gelling and sticky faeces

Phytates - Decrease food conversion rate

Question 23

Answer 23

Name: Hordeum vulgare / Six Row Winter Barley

Family: Poaceae / Grass Family

Forage: Cereal

Nutritive Value: Low gluten, 11% protein, low lysine, high fibre (4-5%)

Antinutritive Value: Hordein, Phytates

Antinutritive Effect:

Hordein - Abnormal immune response

Phytates - Decreased food conversion rate

Question 24

Answer 24

Name: Lathyrus sativus / Grass Pea

Family: Fabaceae / Pea Family

Forage: Pulse Crop

Nutritive Value: Low Protein (20%), High Lysine

Antinutritive Value: Lathyrogenes (0.25%)

Antinutritive Effect: Spasms and Paralysis of Upper Limb Muscles

Question 25

Answer 25

**Name:** *Pisum sativum* / Garden Pea **Family:** Fabaceae / Pea Family **Forage:** Pulse Crop **Nutritive Value:** Protein (25%), less fibre and oil than Soybean **Antinutritive Value:** Low level of Tannins in seed coat **Antinutritive Effect:** Negligible

Question 26

Answer 26

**Name:** *Claviceps purpurea* / Ergot Fungus **Family:** Clavicipitaceae **Forage:** Fungus **Nutritive Value:** Nil **Antinutritive Value:** Ergotamine, Ergometrine, Ergoclavine **Antinutritive Effect:** Gangrene, distal limbs fall off, swollen joints, poor circulation, death in high doses.

Question 27

Answer 27

**Name:** *Trifolium pratense* / Red Clover **Family:** *Fabaceae* / Pea Family **Forage:** Forage Legumes **Nutritive Value:** High fibre and Protein **Antinutritive Value:** Phytoestrogens, Phytoporphyrins **Antinutritive Effect:** Phytoestrogens: Abortion, Decreased fertility, Bitter Milk Phytoporphyrins: Photosensitisation and liver damage

Question 28

Answer 28

**Name:** *Linum usitatissimum* / Flax **Family:** *Linaceae* / Flax Family **Forage:** Oil Plant **Nutritive Value:** High Omega-3 / Omega-6 **Antinutritive Value:** Cyanogenic glycosides, Linatin **Antinutritive Effect:** Cyanogenic Glycosides: Releases Hydrogen Cyanide Linatin: Antagonist of Vitamin B₆

Question 29

Answer 29

**Name:** *Solanum tuberosum* / Potato **Family:** *Solanaceae* / Nightshades **Forage:** Fleshy Forages **Nutritive Value:** 15-17% Starch, 1-2% Protein, Vitamin A, B, C, K. **Antinutritive Value:** Solanine and Chaconine (Reduced by storing tubers in the dark) **Antinutritive Effect:** Vomiting, mucosal inflammation, paralysis

Question 30

Answer 30

**Name:** *Linum usitatissimum* / Flax **Family:** *Linaceae* / Flax Family **Forage:** Oil Plant **Nutritive Value:** High Omega-3 / Omega-6 **Antinutritive Value:** Cyanogenic glycosides, Linatin **Antinutritive Effect:** Cyanogenic Glycosides: Releases Hydrogen Cyanide Linatin: Antagonist of Vitamin B₆

Question 31

Answer 31

**Name:** *Onobrychis viciifolia* / Sain Foin **Family:** *Fabaceae* / Pea Family **Forage:** Forage Legumes **Nutritive Value:** High Protein and Fibre **Antinutritive Value:** Phytoestrogens in long term consumption **Antinutritive Effect:** Bitter Milk, Decreased Fertility, Abortion

Question 32

Answer 32

**Name:** *Pisum sativum* / Garden Pea **Family:** Fabaceae / Pea Family **Forage:** Pulse Crop **Nutritive Value:** Protein (25%), less fibre and oil than Soybean **Antinutritive Value:** Low level of Tannins in seed coat **Antinutritive Effect:** Negligible

Question 33

Answer 33

**Name:** *Vicia faba* / Field [horse] bean **Family:** *Fabaceae* / Pea Family **Forage:** Pulse Crop **Nutritive Value:** High in Vitamin B and E **Antinutritive Value:** Seed Coat High in Tannins **Antinutritive Effect:** Favism, Haemolytic Aneaemia, Damage to RBC Membrane

Question 34

Answer 34

**Name:** *Solanum tuberosum* / Potato **Family:** *Solanaceae* / Nightshades **Forage:** Fleshy Forages **Nutritive Value:** 15-17% Starch, 1-2% Protein, Vitamin A, B, C, K. **Antinutritive Value:** Solanine and Chaconine (Reduced by storing tubers in the dark) **Antinutritive Effect:** Vomiting, mucosal inflammation, paralysis

Question 35

Answer 35

**Name:** *Glycine max* / Soybean **Family:** *Fabaceae* / Pea Family **Forage:** Pulse Crop **Nutritive Value:** High Protein (35%), similar to meat **Antinutritive Value:** Allergenes, Protease inhibitors **Antinutritive Effect:** Allergens dangerous to calves and young pigs

Question 36

Answer 36

**Name:** *Cucurbita pepo* / Marrow **Family:** Cucurbitaceae / Gourd Family **Forage:** Fleshy Forages **Nutritive Value:** 90-95% Water, High in beta-carotene, 30% oil in seeds **Antinutritive Value:** Cucurbitacins **Antinutritive Effect:** Digestive problems, excess salivation, vomiting.

Question 37

Answer 37

**Name:** *Beta vulgaris* / Sugar Beet **Family:** *Amaranthaceae* / Amarinths **Forage:** Fleshy Forages **Nutritive Value:** High in Saccharose (12-20%), High Lysine, High Vitamin E **Antinutritive Value:** Nitrate and oxalate ions, Betadine **Antinutritive Effect:** Lactic Acidosis (from high consumption) Nitrate and Oxalate ions - Anoxia Betadine - Milk rejected by calves

Question 38

Answer 38

**Name:** *Brassica napus* / Oil Seed Rape **Family:** *Brassicaceae* / Mustard Family **Forage:** Oil Plant **Nutritive Value:** Many Oleic Acids **Antinutritive Value:** Glucosinolates, Erucic Acid (40-45%) **Antinutritive Effect:** Glucosinolates: Disrupts thyroid gland productivity Erucic Acid:Growth depression. Kidney, liver and cardiac muscle damage.

Question 39

Answer 39

**Name:** *Brassica napus* / Oil Seed Rape **Family:** *Brassicaceae* / Mustard Family **Forage:** Oil Plant **Nutritive Value:** Many Oleic Acids **Antinutritive Value:** Glucosinolates, Erucic Acid (40-45%) **Antinutritive Effect:** Glucosinolates: Disrupts thyroid gland productivity Erucic Acid:Growth depression. Kidney, liver and cardiac muscle damage.

Question 40

Answer 40

**Name:** *Sorghum drummondii* / Sudan Grass **Family:** *Poaceae* / Grass Family **Forage:** Cereal **Nutritive Value:** Similar to corn, higher protein **Antinutritive Value:** Cyanogenic glycosides *in young leafs and shoots* **Antinutritive Effect:** Cyanide poisoning in blood, death, pink mucous membranes

Question 41

Answer 41

**Name:** *Helianthus annus* / Sun Flower **Family:** *Asteraceae* / Daisy Family **Forage:** Oil Plant **Nutritive Value:** High Linoleic Acid **Antinutritive Value:** Residue of Solvents in the Fruit **Antinutritive Effect:** Fruit Wall Irritates the Mouth

Question 42

Answer 42

**Name:** *Pisum sativum* / Garden Pea **Family:** *Fabaceae* / Pea Family **Forage:** Pulse Crop **Nutritive Value:** Protein (25%), less fibre and oil that Soybean **Antinutritive Value:** Low level of Tannins in seed coat **Antinutritive Effect:** Negligible

Question 43

Answer 43

**Name:** *Zea mays* / Maize, Corn **Family:** *Poaceae* / Grass Family **Forage:** Cereal **Nutritive Value:** High energy, High starch, Low protein, Carotenoids **Antinutritive Value:** Nil **Antinutritive Effect:** Nil

Question 44

Answer 44

**Name:** *Avena sativa* / Oat **Family:** *Poaceae* / Grass Family **Forage:** Cereal **Nutritive Value:** 10-12% Fibre, rich in essential fatty acids (5%) **Antinutritive Value:** Arabinoxylan and Phytates **Antinutritive Effect:** Arabinoxylan - Gelling and sticky faeces Phytates - Trypsin inhibitors, decrease food conversion rate

Question 45

Answer 45

**Name:** *Medicago sativa* / Lucerne **Family:** *Fabaceae* / Pea Family **Forage:** Forage Legumes **Nutritive Value:** High Protein and Fibre **Antinutritive Value:** Lucern Saponins and Proteins **Antinutritive Effect:** Throthy Bloat

Question 46

Answer 46

**Name:** *Medicago sativa* / Lucerne **Family:** *Fabaceae* / Pea Family **Forage:** Forage Legumes **Nutritive Value:** High Protein and Fibre **Antinutritive Value:** Lucern Saponins and Proteins **Antinutritive Effect:** Throthy Bloat

Question 47

Answer 47

**Name:** *Glycine max* / Soybean **Family:** *Fabaceae* / Pea Family **Forage:** Pulse Crop **Nutritive Value:** High Protein (35%), similar to meat **Antinutritive Value:** Allergenes, Protease inhibitors **Antinutritive Effect:** Allergens dangerous to calves and young pigs

Question 48

Answer 48

**Name:** *Avena sativa* / Oat **Family:** *Poaceae* / Grass Family **Forage:** Cereal **Nutritive Value:** 10-12% Fibre, rich in essential fatty acids (5%) **Antinutritive Value:** Arabinoxylan and Phytates **Antinutritive Effect:** Arabinoxylan - Gelling and sticky faeces Phytates - Trypsin inhibitors, decrease food conversion rate

Question 49

Answer 49

**Name:** *Lupinus albus* / White Lupine **Family:** *Fabaceae* / Pea Family **Forage:** Pulse Crop **Nutritive Value:** High Protein (38-40%) **Antinutritive Value:** Quinolysidine Alkaloids **Antinutritive Effect:** Spasms, seizures, loss of coordination

Question 50

Answer 50

**Name:** *Onobrychis viciifolia* / Sain Foin **Family:** *Fabaceae* / Pea Family **Forage:** Forage Legumes **Nutritive Value:** High Protein and Fibre **Antinutritive Value:** Phytoestrogens *in long term consumption* **Antinutritive Effect:** Bitter Milk, Decreased Fertility, Abortion

Question 51

Answer 51

**Name:** *Solanum tuberosum* / Potato **Family:** *Solanaceae* / Nightshades **Forage:** Fleshy Forages **Nutritive Value:** 15-17% Starch, 1-2% Protein, Vitamin A, B, C, K. **Antinutritive Value:** Solanine and Chaconine (Reduced by storing tubers in the dark) **Antinutritive Effect:** Vomiting, mucosal inflammation, paralysis

Question 52

Answer 52

**Name:** *Sorghum bicolor* / Grain Sorghum **Family:** *Poaceae* / Grass Family **Forage:** Cereal **Nutritive Value:** Similar to barley, more energy and less protein **Antinutritive Value:** Cyanogenic glycosides *in young leafs and shoots* **Antinutritive Effect:** Cyanide poisoning in blood, death, pink mucous membranes

Question 53

Answer 53

**Name:** *Lupinus luteus* / Yellow Lupine **Family:** *Fabaceae* / Pea Family **Forage:** Pulse Crop **Nutritive Value:** High Protein (38-40%) **Antinutritive Value:** Quinolysidine Alkaloids **Antinutritive Effect:** Spasms, seizures, loss of coordination

Question 54

Answer 54

**Name:** *Lathyrus sativus* / Grass Pea **Family:** *Fabaceae* / Pea Family **Forage:** Pulse Crop **Nutritive Value:** Low Protein (20%), High Lysine **Antinutritive Value:** Lathyrogenes (0.25%) **Antinutritive Effect:** Spasms and Paralysis of Upper Limb Muscles

Question 55

Answer 55

**Name:** *Beta vulgaris* / Sugar Beet **Family:** *Amaranthaceae* / Amarinths **Forage:** Fleshy Forages **Nutritive Value:** High in Saccharose (12-20%), High Lysine, High Vitamin E **Antinutritive Value:** Nitrate and oxalate ions, Betadine **Antinutritive Effect:** Lactic Acidosis (from high consumption) Nitrate and Oxalate ions - Anoxia Betadine - Milk rejected by calves

Question 56

Answer 56

**Name:** *Lupinus albus* / White Lupine **Family:** *Fabaceae* / Pea Family **Forage:** Pulse Crop **Nutritive Value:** High Protein (38-40%) **Antinutritive Value:** Quinolysidine Alkaloids **Antinutritive Effect:** Spasms, seizures, loss of coordination