Randomised Test (Midterm III) [COMPLETE]

Question 1

Answer 1

Name: Nerium Oleander / Oleander

Family: Apocynacae

Group: Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant

Type of Poison: Cardiac Glycoside

Poisonous Compounds: Oleandrin

Symptoms: Irregular, slow pulse, Tachycardia

Question 2

Answer 2

Name: Brugmansia × candida / Angel’s Trumpet

Family: Solanaceae

Group: Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant

Type of Poison: Tropane Alkaloid

Poisonous Compounds: Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine

Symptoms: Dry Mouth, Tachypnea, Tachycardia

Question 3

Answer 3

Name: Rhododendron ponticum / Pontic Rhododendron

Family: Ericaceae

Group: Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant

Type of Poison: Diterpenoid

Poisonous Compounds: Grayanotoxins

Symptoms: Paresthesia, Tingling, Motoric weakness

Question 4

Answer 4

Name: Delphinum × cultorum / Cultivated Larkspurs

Family: Ranunculaceae

Group: Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant

Type of Poison: Diterpenoid Pseudo-Alkaloid

Poisonous Compounds: Methyllycaconitine

Symptoms: Movement disorders, Tachycardia, Bradypnea

Question 5

Answer 5

Name: Laburnum anagyroides / Golden Chain

Family: Fabaceae

Group: Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant

Type of Poison: Quinolysidine Alkaloid

Poisonous Compounds: Cytisine

Symptoms: Hypotension, Bradycardia, Coma

Question 6

Answer 6

Name: Euphoribia pulcherrima / Poinsettia

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Group: Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant

Type of Poison: Diterpenoid

Poisonous Compounds: Phorbol Esters

Symptoms: Colic, Dermatitis, Conjunctivitis

Question 7

Answer 7

Name: Dieffenbachia seguine / Dumb Cane

Family: Araceae

Group: Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant

Type of Poison: Oxalate Crystals

Poisonous Compounds: Oxalate Crystals

Symptoms: Swelling of Mouth and Pharynx, Skin irritation, GI Irritation

Question 8

Answer 8

Name: Epipremnum aureum / Golden Pothos

Family: Araceae

Group: Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant

Type of Poison: Oxalate Crystals

Poisonous Compounds: Oxalate Crystals

Symptoms: Swelling of Mouth and Pharynx, Skin irritation, GI Irritation

Question 9

Answer 9

Name: Yucca filamentosa / Common Yucca

Family: Asparagaceae

Group: Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant

Type of Poison: Steroidal Saponin

Poisonous Compounds: Yuccoside

Symptoms: Liver damage, Secondary photosensitisation

Question 10

Answer 10

Name: Ficus elastica / Rubber Fig

Family: Moraceae

Group: Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant

Type of Poison: Protease Enzyme

Poisonous Compounds: Ficain, Ficusin

Symptoms: Primary Photosensitisation - Lesions, Vessication, Sloughing skin

Question 11

Answer 11

Name: Platycladus (Thuja) orientalis / Oriental Arborvitae

Family: Cupressaceae

Group: Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant

Type of Poison: Monoterpenoid

Poisonous Compounds: Thujone

Symptoms: Dermatitis, Dysphagia, Seizures

Question 12

Answer 12

Name: Phytolacca acinosa / Indian Pokeweed

Family: Phytolaccaceae

Group: Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant

Type of Poison: Triterpenoid, Oxalate Crystals, Lectins

Poisonous Compounds: Phyttolaccosid

Symptoms: GT Irritationm, Tumours, Birth Defects

Question 13

Answer 13

Name: Ricinus communis / Castorbean

Family: Euphorbiaceae

Group: Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant

Type of Poison: Piperidine Alkaloid / Heat Sensitive Protein

Poisonous Compounds: Ricinine, Ricin

Symptoms: Dehydration, Seizures, Death

Question 14

Answer 14

Name: Lilium spp. / True Lily

Family: Liliaceae

Group: Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant

Type of Poison: Unknown

Poisonous Compounds: Unknown

Symptoms: Vomiting, Dehydration, Inappetence

Question 15

Answer 15

Name: Calendulae flos / Pot Marigold

Family: Asteraceae

Group: Medicinal Plant

Active Constituent: Triterpene Alcohols, Flavonoids

Medicinal Effects: Increased Gall Production, Anti-inflammatory

Drug: Ray Flowers

Question 16

Answer 16

Name: Papaver somniferum / Opium Poppy

Family: Papaveraceae

Group: Medicinal Plant

Active Constituent: Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid, Morphine

Medicinal Effects: Analgesia

Drug: Crude Opium

Question 17

Answer 17

Name: Valeriana officinalis / Valerian

Family: Caprifoliaceae

Group: Medicinal Plant

Active Constituent: Valepotriates, Valeric Acid, Isovaleric Acid

Medicinal Effects: Sedative, Decreases stress/fear

Drug: Root

Question 18

Answer 18

Name: Arthemisia absinthium / Wormwood

Family: Asteraceae

Group: Medicinal Plant

Active Constituent: Thujone, Absintine, Artabsin

Medicinal Effects: Anthelmintic Effect, Carminative Effect

Drug: Flowering Apex of the Shoot

Question 19

Answer 19

Name: Matricaria chamomilla / Chamomile

Family: Asteraceae

Group: Medicinal Plant

Active Constituent: Bisabolol, Chamazulene, Flavonoids, Coumarins

Medicinal Effects: Sedative, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-bacterial, Anti-fungal

Drug: Infloresence

Question 20

Answer 20

Name: Taraxacum officinalis / Dandelion

Family: Asteraceae

Group: Medicinal Plant

Active Constituent: Sesquiterpene Lactons, Triterpene Saponins

Medicinal Effects: Increased Gall Production, Diuretic Effect

Drug: Roots

Question 21

Answer 21

Name: Silybum marianum / Milk Thistle

Family: Asteraceae

Group: Medicinal Plant

Active Constituent: Silymarin, Silibinin

Medicinal Effects: Hepatoprotective, Antioxidant

Drug: Fruit

Question 22

Answer 22

Name: Crataegus monogyna / Common Hawthorn

Family: Rosaceae

Group: Medicinal Plant

Active Constituent: Proanthocyanidins, Flavanoids

Medicinal Effects: Antihypertensitive, Decreases Heart Rate

Drug: Dried Apex of Shoots & Dried Fruits

Question 23

Answer 23

Name: Thymus serpyllum / Wild Thyme

Family: Lamiaceae

Group: Medicinal Plant

Active Constituent: Carvacrol, Thymol

Medicinal Effects: Antimicrobial, Spasmolytic Effect

Drug: Non-Woody Shoots of Flowering Plants

Question 24

Answer 24

Name: Urtica dioica / Common Nettle

Family: Urticaceae

Group: Medicinal Plant

Active Constituent: Flavonoids, Histamine, Acetylcholine

Medicinal Effects: Treatment of Iron Deficiency, Diuretic Effect

Drugs: Whole Plant

Question 25

Answer 25

**Name:** *Lolium perenne* / Perennial Ryegrass **Family:** Poaceae **Group:** Plant Species in Grasslands **Antinutritive Compounds and Effects:** - Lolitrem B (Produced by *Neotyphodium lolii* fungus) - Soridesmin (Produced by *Pseudopithomyces chartarum* fungus) **Specific Symptoms:** Seizures, Paralysis, Liver Damage, Secondary Photosensitisation **Most Important Nutritives:** Fibre 15-30%, Grain Carbohydrate 7-9%, High Protein

Question 26

Answer 26

**Name:** *Dactylis glomerata* / Cock's Foot **Family:** *Poaceae* **Group:** Plant Species in Grasslands **Antinutritive Compounds and Effects:** Fibre increases quickly after flowering **Specific Symptoms:** None **Most Important Nutritives:** Fibre 15-30%, Grain Carbohydrate 7-9%

Question 27

Answer 27

**Name:** *Agrostis stolonifera* / Creeping Bentgrass **Family:** Poaceae **Group:** Plant Species in Grasslands **Antinutritive Compounds and Effects:** None **Specific Symptoms:** None **Most Important Nutritives:** Fibre 15-30%, Grain Carbohydrate 7-9%

Question 28

Answer 28

**Name:** *Arrhenatherum elatius* / Tall Oat Grass **Family:** Poaceae **Group:** Plant Species in Grasslands **Antinutritive Compounds and Effects:** Saponins, Phytoestrogens **Specific Symptoms:** Decreased Fertility, Abortion, Frothy Bloat **Most Important Nutritives:** Fibre 15-30%, Grain Carbohydrate 7-9%, High Phosphorus and Calcium

Question 29

Answer 29

**Name:** *Trisetum flavescens* / Golden Oatgrass **Family:** Poaceae **Group:** Plant Species in Grasslands **Antinutritive Compounds and Effects:** Phytoestrogens, Vitamin D₃ **Specific Symptoms:** Calcinosis and calcium deposits in blood vessels, Abortion, Decreased Fertility **Most Important Nutritives:** Fibre 15-30%, Grain Carbohydrate 7-9%

Question 30

Answer 30

**Name:** *Phleum pratense* / Timothy **Family:** Poaceae **Group:** Plant Species in Grasslands **Antinutritive Compounds and Effects:** Leaves poor in Magnesium **Specific Symptoms:** Anorexia, Seizures, Stumbling, Sudden Death **Most Important Nutritives:** Fibre 15-30%, Grain Carbohydrate 7-9%

Question 31

Answer 31

**Name:** *Alopecurus pratensis* / Meadow Foxtail **Family:** Poaceae **Group:** Plant Species in Grasslands **Antinutritive Compounds and Effects:** Fibre content increases quickly **Specific Symptoms:** None **Most Important Nutritives:** Fibre 15-30%, Grain Carbohydrate 7-9%

Question 32

Answer 32

**Name:** *Poa pratensis* / Kentucky Bluegrass **Family:** Poaceae **Group:** Plant Species in Grasslands **Antinutritive Compounds and Effects:** None **Specific Symptoms:** None **Most Important Nutritives:** Fibre 15-30%, Grain Carbohydrate 7-9%

Question 33

Answer 33

**Name:** *Festuca arundinacea* / Tall Fescue **Family:** Poaceae **Group:** Plant Species in Grasslands **Antinutritive Compounds and Effects:** Ergovaline, Fescue Toxicosis **Specific Symptoms:** Poor Reproduction in Horses, Fatigue, Seizures **Most Important Nutritives:** Fibre 15-30%, Grain Carbohydrate 7-9%

Question 34

Answer 34

**Name:** *Festuca rubra* / Red Fescue **Family:** Poaceae **Group:** Plant Species in Grasslands **Antinutritive Compounds and Effects:** None **Specific Symptoms:** None **Most Important Nutritives:** Fibre 15-30%, Grain Carbohydrate 7-9%

Question 35

Answer 35

**Name:** *Elymus (Agropyron) repens* / Couch Grass **Family:** Poaceae **Group:** Plant Species in Grasslands **Antinutritive Compounds and Effects:** None **Specific Symptoms:** None **Most Important Nutritives:** Fibre 15-30%, Grain Carbohydrate 7-9%

Question 36

Answer 36

**Name:** *Anthoxanthum odoratum* / Sweet Vernal Grass **Family:** Poaceae **Group:** Plant Species in Grasslands **Antinutritive Compounds and Effects:** Coumarine Glycoside → Anticoagulant Effects **Specific Symptoms:** Internal Haemorrage, Pale mucous membranes, Anticoagulant effect **Most Important Nutritives:** Fibre 15-30%, Grain Carbohydrate 7-9%

Question 37

Answer 37

**Name:** *Trifolium repens* / White Clover **Family:** Fabaceae **Group:** Plant Species in Grasslands **Antinutritive Compounds and Effects:** Linamarin, Lotaustralin **Specific Symptoms:** Cherry mucous membranes, Slow blood clotting, Vomiting **Most Important Nutritives:** Rich in proteins, High Ca and Mg

Question 38

Answer 38

**Name:** *Lotus corniculatus* / Bird's Food Trefoil **Family:** Fabaceae **Group:** Plant Species in Grasslands **Antinutritive Compounds and Effects:** Phytoestrogens, Linamarin, Lotaustralin **Specific Symptoms:** Reduced fertility, Abortion, Hemolysis **Most Important Nutritives:** High protein, High Ca and Mg

Question 39

Answer 39

**Name:** *Securigera (Coronilla) varia* / Crownvetch **Family:** *Fabaceae* **Group:** Plant Species in Grasslands **Antinutritive Compounds and Effects:** Coronillin, Hyrcanoside **Specific Symptoms:** Bradycardia, Nausea, Vomiting **Most Important Nutritives:** Low Protein, High Fibre

Question 40

Answer 40

**Name:** *Nerium Oleander* / Oleander **Family:** *Apocynacae* **Group:** Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant **Type of Poison:** Cardiac Glycoside **Poisonous Compounds:** Oleandrin **Symptoms:** Irregular, slow pulse, Tachycardia

Question 41

Answer 41

**Name:** *Brugmansia × candida* / Angel's Trumpet **Family:** *Solanaceae* **Group:** Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant **Type of Poison:** Tropane Alkaloid **Poisonous Compounds:** Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine **Symptoms:** Dry Mouth, Tachypnea, Tachycardia

Question 42

Answer 42

**Name:** *Rhododendron ponticum* / Pontic Rhododendron **Family:** *Ericaceae* **Group:** Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant **Type of Poison:** **Poisonous Compounds:** Grayanotoxins **Symptoms:** Paresthesia, Tingling, Motoric weakness

Question 43

Answer 43

**Name:** *Delphinum × cultorum* / Cultivated Larkspurs **Family:** *Ranunculaceae* **Group:** Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant **Type of Poison:** Diterpenoid Pseudo-Alkaloid **Poisonous Compounds:** Methyllycaconitine **Symptoms:** Movement disorders, Tachycardia, Bradypnea

Question 44

Answer 44

**Name:** *Laburnum anagyroides* / Golden Chain **Family:** *Fabaceae* **Group:** Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant **Type of Poison:** Quinolysidine Alkaloid **Poisonous Compounds:** Cytisine **Symptoms:** Hypotension, Bradycardia, Coma

Question 45

Answer 45

**Name:** *Euphoribia pulcherrima* / Poinsettia **Family:** *Euphorbiaceae* **Group:** Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant **Type of Poison:** Diterpenoid **Poisonous Compounds:** Phorbol Esters **Symptoms:** Colic, Dermatitis, Conjunctivitis

Question 46

Answer 46

**Name:** *Dieffenbachia seguine* / Dumb Cane **Family:** *Araceae* **Group:** Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant **Type of Poison:** Oxalate Crystals **Poisonous Compounds:** Oxalate Crystals **Symptoms:** Swelling of Mouth and Pharynx, Skin irritation, GI Irritation

Question 49

Answer 49

**Name:** *Platycladus (Thuja) orientalis* / Oriental Arborvitae **Family:** *Cupressaceae* **Group:** Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant **Type of Poison:** Monoterpenoid **Poisonous Compounds:** Thujone **Symptoms:** Dermatitis, Dysphagia, Seizures

Question 56

Answer 56

**Name:** *Yucca filamentosa* / Common Yucca **Family:** *Asparagaceae* **Group:** Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant **Type of Poison:** Steroidal Saponin **Poisonous Compounds:** Yuccoside **Symptoms:** Liver damage, Secondary photosensitisation

Question 57

Answer 57

**Name:** *Ficus elastica* / Rubber Fig **Family:** *Moraceae* **Group:** Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant **Type of Poison:** Protease Enzyme **Poisonous Compounds:** Ficain, Ficusin **Symptoms:** Primary Photosensitisation - Lesions, Vessication, Sloughing skin

Question 59

Answer 59

**Name:** *Phytolacca acinosa* / Indian Pokeweed **Family:** *Phytolaccaceae* **Group:** Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant **Type of Poison:** Triterpenoid, Oxalate Crystals, Lectins **Poisonous Compounds:** Phyttolaccosid **Symptoms:** GT Irritationm, Tumours, Birth Defects

Question 60

Answer 60

**Name:** *Ricinus communis* / Castorbean **Family:** *Euphorbiaceae* **Group:** Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant **Type of Poison:** Piperidine Alkaloid / Heat Sensitive Protein **Poisonous Compounds:** Ricinine, Ricin **Symptoms:** Dehydration, Seizures, Death

Question 61

Answer 61

**Name:** *Lilium spp.* / True Lily **Family:** *Liliaceae* **Group:** Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant **Type of Poison:** Unknown **Poisonous Compounds:** Unknown **Symptoms:** Vomiting, Dehydration, Inappetence

Question 62

Answer 62

**Name:** *Papaver somniferum* / Opium Poppy **Family:** *Papaveraceae* **Group:** Medicinal Plant **Active Constituent:** Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid, Morphine **Medicinal Effects:** Analgesia **Drug:** Crude Opium

Question 63

Answer 63

**Name:** *Valeriana officinalis* / Valerian **Family:** *Caprifoliaceae* **Group:** Medicinal Plant **Active Constituent:** Valepotriates, Valeric Acid, Isovaleric Acid **Medicinal Effects:** Sedative, Decreases stress/fear **Drug:** Root

Question 64

Answer 64

**Name:** *Arthemisia absinthium* / Wormwood **Family:** *Asteraceae* **Group:** Medicinal Plant **Active Constituent:** Thujone, Absintine, Artabsin **Medicinal Effects:** Anthelmintic Effect, Carminative Effect **Drug:** Flowering Apex of the Shoot

Question 65

Answer 65

**Name:** *Crataegus monogyna* / Common Hawthorn **Family:** *Rosaceae* **Group:** Medicinal Plant **Active Constituent:** Proanthocyanidins, Flavanoids **Medicinal Effects:** Antihypertensitive, Decreases Heart Rate **Drug:** Dried Apex of Shoots & Dried Fruits

Question 66

Answer 66

**Name:** *Agrostis stolonifera* / Creeping Bentgrass **Family:** Poaceae **Group:** Plant Species in Grasslands **Antinutritive Compounds and Effects:** None **Specific Symptoms:** None **Most Important Nutritives:** Fibre 15-30%, Grain Carbohydrate 7-9%

Question 67

Answer 67

**Name:** *Festuca arundinacea* / Tall Fescue **Family:** Poaceae **Group:** Plant Species in Grasslands **Antinutritive Compounds and Effects:** Ergovaline, Fescue Toxicosis **Specific Symptoms:** Poor Reproduction in Horses, Fatigue, Seizures **Most Important Nutritives:** Fibre 15-30%, Grain Carbohydrate 7-9%

Question 68

Answer 68

**Name:** *Festuca rubra* / Red Fescue **Family:** Poaceae **Group:** Plant Species in Grasslands **Antinutritive Compounds and Effects:** None **Specific Symptoms:** None **Most Important Nutritives:** Fibre 15-30%, Grain Carbohydrate 7-9%

Question 69

Answer 69

**Name:** *Anthoxanthum odoratum* / Sweet Vernal Grass **Family:** Poaceae **Group:** Plant Species in Grasslands **Antinutritive Compounds and Effects:** Coumarine Glycoside → Anticoagulant Effects **Specific Symptoms:** Internal Haemorrage, Pale mucous membranes, Anticoagulant effect **Most Important Nutritives:** Fibre 15-30%, Grain Carbohydrate 7-9%

Question 70

Answer 70

**Name:** *Lotus corniculatus* / Bird's Food Trefoil **Family:** Fabaceae **Group:** Plant Species in Grasslands **Antinutritive Compounds and Effects:** Phytoestrogens, Linamarin, Lotaustralin **Specific Symptoms:** Reduced fertility, Abortion, Hemolysis **Most Important Nutritives:** High protein, High Ca and Mg

Question 71

Answer 71

**Name:** *Ricinus communis* / Castorbean **Family:** *Euphorbiaceae* **Group:** Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant **Type of Poison:** Piperidine Alkaloid / Heat Sensitive Protein **Poisonous Compounds:** Ricinine, Ricin **Symptoms:** Dehydration, Seizures, Death

Question 72

Answer 72

**Name:** *Ricinus communis* / Castorbean **Family:** *Euphorbiaceae* **Group:** Poisonous Indoor & Garden Plant **Type of Poison:** Piperidine Alkaloid / Heat Sensitive Protein **Poisonous Compounds:** Ricinine, Ricin **Symptoms:** Dehydration, Seizures, Death