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Fundamentals 2 Exam 1 Flashcards > Ranges > Flashcards

Ranges Flashcards

1
Q

Expected reference range of Serum Osmolality =

A

285 - 295 mOsm/kg

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2
Q

Expected reference range of Urine Osmolality for a random specimen=

A

50 - 1,200 mOsm/kg

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3
Q

Expected reference range of Potassium =

A

3.5 - 5 mEq/L

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4
Q

Expected reference range of Sodium =

A

136 - 145 mEq/L

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5
Q

Expected reference range of Calcium =

A

9 - 10.5 mEq/L

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6
Q

Expected reference range of Magnesium =

A

1.3 - 2.1 mEq/L

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7
Q

Expected reference range of Blood Glucose Level =

A

74 - 106 mg/dL

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8
Q

Expected reference range of Sodium =

A

136 - 145 mEq/L

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9
Q

Expected reference range of Serum Calcium for an adult =

A

9 - 10.5 mg/dL

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10
Q

Expected reference range of Ionized Calcium for an adult =

A

4.5 - 5.6 mg/dL

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11
Q

Expected reference range of Magnesium =

A

1.3 - 2.1 mEq/L

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12
Q

Hypokalemia occurs whenever Potassium levels go below -

A

3.5 mEq/L

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13
Q

Critical potassium levels happen at less than what for adults?

A

Less than 3mEq/L

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14
Q

Critical potassium levels happen at less than what for newborns?

A

2.5 mEq/L

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15
Q

Hyperkalemia is a potassium level that’s higher than-

A

5 mEq/L

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16
Q

Critical values of hyperkalemia occur at levels greater than-

A

6.1 mEq/L

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17
Q

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level lower than-

A

74 mg/dL

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18
Q

Hyperglycemia is a blood glucose level higher than-

A

106 mg/dL

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19
Q

Hyponatremia is a sodium level less than -

A

136 mEq/L

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20
Q

Hypernatremia is a sodium level higher than -

A

145 mEq/L

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21
Q

Severe-Life-Threatening Hypokalemia is a level less than what for newborns?

A

2.5 mEq/L

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22
Q

Severe-Life-Threatening Hypokalemia is a level less than what for adults?

A

3 mEq/L

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23
Q

Mild Hypokalemia is a level of-

A

3 - 3.5 mEq/L

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24
Q

Mild hyperkalemia is a level of-

A

5 - 6.9

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25
Q

Severe-Life-Threatening Hyperkalemia is a level higher than-

A

7 mEq/L

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26
Q

Critical values of hyponatremia occur at levels less than -

A

120 mEq/L

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27
Q

Critical values of hypernatremia occur at levels higher than -

A

160 mEq/L

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28
Q

Aside from the BMP / CMP, the other test to see if a PT has hypernatremia is a-

A

Plasma Osmolality Test

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29
Q

A level of what on the plasma Osmolality test is hypernatremia?

A

Higher than 295 mOsm/kg

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30
Q

The expected reference level for sodium on the plasma Osmolality test =

A

295 mOsm/kg

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31
Q

Hypocalcemia is when serum calcium levels are below-

A

9 mg/dL

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32
Q

Hypocalcemia is when ionized calcium levels are below-

A

4.5

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33
Q

Critical values occur when serum calcium levels are below-

A

6 mg/dL

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34
Q

Hypocalcemia is when ionized calcium levels are below-

A

2.2 mg/dL

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35
Q

Hypercalcemia occurs when serum calcium levels are greater than -

A

10.5 mg/dL

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36
Q

Hypercalcemia occurs when ionized calcium levels are greater than -

A

5.6 mg/dL

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37
Q

The reference range for magnesium is-

A

1.3 - 2.1 mEq/L

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38
Q

Hypomagnesemia is when levels go below-

A

1.3 mEq/L

39
Q

Critical values of hypomagnesemia occur at levels less than-

A

0.5 mEq/L

40
Q

Critical values of hypermagnasemia occur at levels greater than -

A

3 mEq/L

41
Q

Hypermagnesemia occurs when levels are above-

A

2.1 mEq/L

42
Q

The expected reference range for the pH of human blood is-

A

7.35 - 7.45

43
Q

Laboratory evaluation that’s used to interpret acid-base balance in the body =

A

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Test

44
Q

(ABG Test Expected Reference Range)

pH:

A

7.35 - 7.45

45
Q

(ABG Test Expected Reference Range)

PaCO2:

A

35 - 45 mm Hg

46
Q

(ABG Test Expected Reference Range)

HCO3-:

A

21 - 28 mEq/L

47
Q

(ABG Test Expected Reference Range)

PaO2:

A

80 - 100 Hg

48
Q

(ABG Test Expected Reference Range)

O2 Sat:

A

95% - 100%

49
Q

Acidosis is a pH level lower than what on the pH scale?

A

7.35

50
Q

Alkalosis is a pH level higher than what on the pH scale?

A

7.45

51
Q

Your PaCO2 levels can be used to determine if you have a-

A

Respiratory Problem

52
Q

HCO3 + pH are both filtered by the -

A

Kidneys

53
Q

How do the kidneys and lungs collaboratively work together to maintain homeostasis?

A

By balancing the acids.

54
Q

What are the acids that the kidneys and lungs collaboratively balance?

A

pH (Hydrogen), paCO2 (Carbon Dioxide), HCO3 - (Bicarbonate)

55
Q

ABG results:

Metabolic Acidosis=

A

Low pH (Under 7.35)
Normal PaCO2 (35-45 mm Hg)
Low HCO3 - (Under 21 mEq/L)

56
Q

ABG results:

Metabolic Alkalosis =

A

High pH (Over 7.45)
Normal PaCO2 (35-45 mm Hg)
High HCO3- (Over 28 mEq/L)

57
Q

ABG results:

Respiratory Acidosis =

A

Low pH (Under 7.35)
High PaCO2 (Over 45 mm Hg)
Normal HCO3- (21-28 mm Hg)

58
Q

ABG results:

Respiratory Alkalosis =

A

High pH (Over 7.45)
Low PaCO2 (Under 35 mm Hg)
Normal HCO3- (21-28 mm Hg)

59
Q

Step 1 of interpreting ABG’s =

A

Look at the pH
(Lower than 7.35, the pH is Acidotic)
(Higher than 7.45, the pH is Alkalotic)

60
Q

Step 2 of interpreting ABG’s =

A

Look at the PaCO2 to determine the respiratory component.
If less than 35, carbonic acid is being lost, which contributes to alkalosis.
If over 45, carbonic acid is being retained, which contributes to acidosis.

61
Q

Step 3 of interpreting ABG’s =

A

Look at the HCO3- to determine the metabolic component.
If less than 21, bicarbonate (A Base) is being lost, contributing to acidosis.
If over 28, bicarbonate (A Base) is being retained, contributing to alkalosis.

62
Q

Practice Question:

pH = 7.42
PaCO2 = 37 mm Hg
HCO3- = 25 mEq/L

A

Normal, No Imbalance

63
Q

Practice Question:

pH = 7.69
PaCO2 = 31 mm Hg
HCO3- = 22 mEq/L

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

64
Q

Practice Question:

pH = 7.49
PaCO2 = 36 mm Hg
HCO3- = 32 mEq/L

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

65
Q

Practice Question:

pH = 7.50
PaCO2 = 42 mm Hg
HCO3- = 29 mEq/L

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

66
Q

Practice Question:

pH = 7.27
PaCO2 = 40 mm Hg
HCO3- = 17 mEq/L

A

Metabolic Acidosis

67
Q

Practice Question:

pH = 7.69
PaCO2 = 18 mm Hg
HCO3- = 25 mEq/L

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

68
Q

Practice Question:

pH = 6.50
PaCO2 = 53 mm Hg
HCO3- = 23 mEq/L

A

Respiratory Acidosis

69
Q

Practice Question:

pH = 4.96
PaCO2 = 71 mm Hg
HCO3- = 27 mEq/L

A

Respiratory Acidosis

70
Q

Practice Question:

pH = 8
PaCO2 = 30 mm Hg
HCO3- = 22 mEq/L

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

71
Q

Practice Question:

pH = 7.20
PaCO2 = 39 mm Hg
HCO3- = 19 mEq/L

A

Metabolic Acidosis

72
Q

Practice Question:

pH = 7.45
PaCO2 = 35 mm Hg
HCO3- = 21 mEq/L

A

Normal

73
Q

Practice Question:

pH = 7.45
PaCO2 = 45 mm Hg
HCO3- = 28 mEq/L

A

Normal

74
Q

Practice Question:

pH = 7.89
PaCO2 = 31 mm Hg
HCO3- = 25 mEq/L

A

Respiratory Alkalosis

75
Q

Practice Question:

pH = 7.46
PaCO2 = 45 mm Hg
HCO3- = 29 mEq/L

A

Metabolic Alkalosis

76
Q

Levels of acid in the blood are too high =

A

Acidosis

77
Q

The blood is too alkaline =

A

Alkalosis

78
Q

On the pH scale, 0 is considered to be-

A

Strongly Acidic

79
Q

the pH scale, 14 is considered to be-

A

Strongly Alkaline

80
Q

the pH scale, 7 is considered to be-

A

Neutral

81
Q

Urine Specific Gravity
Expected Reference Range =

A

1.005 - 1.030

82
Q

Hypotonic Range =

A

Less than 250 mOsm/L

83
Q

Hypertonic Range =

A

Greater than 375 mOsm/L

84
Q

Isotonic Range=

A

250 - 375 mOsm/L

85
Q

Expected Values (Male):

RBC Count=

A

4.7 - 6.1 RBC x 10^12/L

86
Q

Expected Values (Male):

Hemoglobin =

A

14 - 18 g/dL

87
Q

Expected Values (Male):

Hematocrit =

A

42% - 52%

88
Q

Expected Values (Male):

WBC Count=

A

5,000 - 10,000 / mm^3

89
Q

Expected Values (Male):

Platelet Count=

A

150,000 - 400,000 / mm^3

90
Q

Expected Values (Female):

RBC Count=

A

4.2 - 5.4 RBC x 10 ^12/L

91
Q

Expected Values (Female):

Hemoglobin =

A

12 - 16 g/dL

92
Q

Expected Values (Female):

Hematocrit =

A

37% - 47%

93
Q

Expected Values (Female):

WBC Count =

A

5,000 - 10,000/mm^3

94
Q

Expected Values (Female):

Platelet Count=

A

150,000 - 400,000 / mm^3

Fundamentals 2 Exam 1 Flashcards (18 decks)

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