cardiac tamponade - hypoT - distant heart sounds - JVD

rapid review Flashcards by Arya Stark

antihypertensive for diabetic pt with proteinuria

ACEi

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antihypertensive for diabetic pt with proteinuria

ACEi

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beck’s triad

cardiac tamponade

hypoT
distant heart sounds
JVD

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HOCM murmur

systolic ejection
lateral sternal border
increases with Valsalva

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aortic insufficiency murmur

diastolic decrescendo 
low pitched
blowing
best heard sitting up
increases with handgrip

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indications for surgical repair of AAA

> 5.5cm
rapidly enlarging
symptomatic
ruptured

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target LDL in pt with diabetes

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silent MI sx

CHF
shock
altered mental status

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derm: “stuck on”

seborrheic keratosis

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pearly papule, translucent, telangeictasias

BCC

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flat topped papules

lichen planus

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anogenital thinning and inflammation

lichen sclerosus

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exohytic nodules with varying scaling or ulceration

SCC

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hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, low PTH

hypoparathyroidism

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headache, weakness, polyuria
exam with HTN and tetany
hypernatremia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

1ary hyperaldo

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weakness, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, new skin pigmentation

Addison’s/1ary adrenal insufficiency

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MC diarrhea organism

Campylobacter

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MC diarrhea organism

Campylobacter

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beck’s triad

cardiac tamponade

hypoT
distant heart sounds
JVD

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HOCM murmur

systolic ejection
lateral sternal border
increases with Valsalva

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aortic insufficiency murmur

diastolic decrescendo 
low pitched
blowing
best heard sitting up
increases with handgrip

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indications for surgical repair of AAA

> 5.5cm
rapidly enlarging
symptomatic
ruptured

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target LDL in pt with diabetes

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silent MI sx

CHF
shock
altered mental status

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derm: "stuck on"

seborrheic keratosis

pearly papule, translucent, telangeictasias

BCC

flat topped papules

lichen planus

anogenital thinning and inflammation

lichen sclerosus

exohytic nodules with varying scaling or ulceration

SCC

hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, low PTH

hypoparathyroidism

- headache, weakness, polyuria - exam with HTN and tetany - hypernatremia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

1ary hyperaldo

weakness, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, new skin pigmentation

Addison's/1ary adrenal insufficiency

why no BBs in diabetics?

mask hypoglycemia sx

MC diarrhea organism

Campylobacter

camping diarrhea

Giardia

mayonnaise diarrhea

S aureus

uncooked hamburger diarrhea

E coli O157:H7

fried rice diarrhea

B cereus

raw seafood diarrhea

vibrio, HAV

ring enhancing lesions + seizures

cysticercosis

pseudoappendicitis?

yersinia

tx hepatic encephalopathy

decrease protein intake lactulose rifaximin

drug induced hepatitis

TB mx acetaminophen tetracycline

hernia with highest incarceration risk?

femoral

absent radii and thumbs, diffuse hyperpig, cafe au lait, microcephaly, pancytopenia

Fanconi's anemia

lab findings in DIC

increased fibrin split products and D dimer | decreased platelets, fibrinogen, hematocrit

AML subtype assoc with DIC

M3 | tx with ATRA (retinoic acid)

tumor lysis electrolyte abnormalities?

decreased Ca increased K increased P increased uric acid

is risk of postinfectious glomerulonephritis affected by treatment?

nope

fever, cough, night sweats in pt from Arizona

Coccidio | tx with ampho B

causes meningitis in neonates

GBS, E coli, Listeria | tx amp and gent

causes meningitis in infants

pneumococcus, meningococcus, H flu | tx cefotax and vanc

gamma globulins in CSF

pruritic papule --> black eschar

cutaneous anthrax | tx PCN G or cipro

PCP prophylaxis: when and what?

CD4

MAI prophylaxis: when and what?

CD4

ring enhancing lesions + seizures

cysticercosis

lung infection partially acid fast weakly gram +

nocardia

sheepherders with liver cysts

echinococcus

smoker and drinker with cough and flulike symptoms, silver stain with gram - rods

legionella PNA

endocarditis of prosthetic valve

S aureus or Strep epi

tx postpartum hemorrhage

uterine massage --> oxytocin

test for ankylosing spondylitis

HLA B27

infections assoc with Reiters

Chlamydia | campylobacter, shigella, salmonella, ureaplasma

needle shaped negatively birefringent

gout

rhomboid shaped positively birefringent

pseudogout

wrist drop, loss of thumb abduction

radial nerve damage | humeral fracture

normal direction of nystagmus in cold water test

toward opposite ear

sources of mets to brain

``` lung breast skin kidney GI ```

confusion, confabulation, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia

Wernicke's | given thiamine before glucose

indication for carotid endarterectomy

70-99 if symptomatic

steroids in Guillan Barre?

hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperoralitiy, hyperdocility

Kluver Bucy | amygdala

3rd tri bleeding

placental abruption | placenta previa

complete mole karyotype?

46XX

sx of abruption

continuous, painful bleeding

sx of previa

limited, painless bleeding

MCC of postpartum hemorrhage

uterine atony

tx postpartum hemorrhage

uterine massage --> oxytocin

amenorrhea with nl prolactin, no response to estrogen-progesterone challenge, history of D&C

Asherman's syndrome

newborn with posterior neck mass and hand swelling?

Turner's

MCC of bloody nipple discharge

intraductal papilloma

screening of strong family hx of ovarian ca?

CA-125 and TVUS annually

mx for urge incontinence?

oxybutinin or metaproterenol

MCC of female infertility

endometriosis

type of breast ca that increases future risk of invasive carcinoma in both breasts?

LCIS

kid with nontender abdominal mass with elevated VMA and HVA

neuroblastoma

MCC of TEF

esophageal atresia with distal TEF | can't past NG tube

how to r/o shaken baby

optho CT MRI

MC 1ary immunodeficiency

selective IgA

chronic respiratory infections, negative nitroblue tetrazolium test

CGD

eczema, thrombocytopenia, high IgA

Wiskott Aldrich

4 mo with life-threatening Pseudomonas infx

Bruton's X-linked agammaglobulinemia

sx of Reyes?

mental status change, emesis, liver dysfunction

increased risk of what cancer with RB?

osteosarcoma

6mo vaccinations

``` HBV DTaP Hib IPV PCV rota ```

MC pathogen in croup

parainfluenza type 1

newborn with posterior neck mass and hand swelling?

Turner's

galactorrhea, impotence, menstrual dysfunction, decreased libido

dopa antagonist SEs

mother is angry at husband and yells at child

displacement

pedophile enters monastery

reaction formation

woman calmly describes grisly murder

isolation

10 yo in hospital starts wetting bed

regression

how long to dx schizophrenia?

``` 6 mos (1-6 = schizophreniform) ```

atypical antipsychotic SEs?

weight gain type 2 DM QT prolongation

mx to avoid in PTSD

benzos

feeling outside of or detached from body?

depersonalization disorder

Light's criteria

exudative if: - p/s protein >0.5 - p/s LDH >0.6

causes of exudative effusion

``` malignancy TB infection PE pancreatitis ```

causes of transudative effusion

CHF liver or kidney dz protein losing enteropathy

honeycomb pattern on CXR?

diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis | tx: supportive, steroids

tx of SVC syndrome

radiation

cancer assoc with hypercalcemia

SCC

tx SIADH

fluid restriction, demeclocycline

cancer highly related to cigarettes

SCLC

sequelae of asbestos?

fibrosis pleural plaques bronchogenic ca mesothelioma

silicosis increases infection risk with what?

RTA with abnl H+ secretion, nephrolithiasis

type I

RTA with abnl HCO3 and Rickets

elevated EPO elevated HCT normal O2 sat

RCC or EPO-producing tumor

doughy skin means what?

hypernatremia

MCCs of hypercalcemia

malig, hyperPTH

tx of moderate hypercalcemia

IV hydration and lasix

MC nephrolithiasis

ca oxalate

MC nephrotic syndrome

membranous glomerulonephritis

MC glomerulonephritis

IgA nephropathy

RBC casts in urine sediment

nephritic syndrome

waxy casts and maltese crosses

nephrotic syndrome

eosinophils in urine

allergic interstitial nephritis

drowsiness, asterixis, nausea, pericardial friction rub

uremia

tx SIADH

fluid restriction, demeclocycline

testicular ca with bHCG and AFP

choriocarcinoma

MC testicular cancer

seminoma = germ cell tumor | radiosensitive!

MC bladder ca histology

transitional cell

acid-base prob in salicylate ingestion

metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis

systemic diseases causing nephrotic syndrome

DM SLE amyloidosis

elevated EPO elevated HCT normal O2 sat

RCC or EPO-producing tumor

tx malignant HTN

nitroprusside

tx SVT

stable: carotid massage or vagal stim unsuccessful: adenosine

causes of drug-induced SLE

``` INH penicillamine hydral procainamide chlorpromazine methyldopa quinidine ```

macrocytic megaloblastic anemia

b12 defic if neurologic sx | folate if not

tx of CO poisoning

100% O2 or hyperbaric if severe/pregnant

how to r/o urethral injury

retrograde cystourethrogram

parkland formula

24h fluids = 4 * kg * %BSA

rapid review Flashcards

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