Rapid Review Flashcards
(225 cards)
1
Q
Silver staining shows focal disruption of glomerular basement membranes and crescent formation within Bowman’s space
A
ANCA glomerulonephritis
2
Q
hematuria and hemoptysis
A
Goodpasture’s
3
Q
tuberous sclerosis
A
angiomyolipoma
4
Q
encodes protein for ubiquitin ligase complex promoting degradation of protein which promotes cell growth and angiogenesis
A
VHL gene promotes degradation of HIF-1
5
Q
granular deposition of IgA within mesangium
A
IgA nephropathy
6
Q
perinephric abscess
A
acute pyelonephritis (from pyonephrosis)
7
Q
granular casts
A
acute tubular necrosis
8
Q
double contour basement membrane
A
type I MPGN
9
Q
stenosis of renal artery
A
renovascular hypertension
10
Q
double-contour basement membrane, with mesangial interposition and prominent subendothelial deposits
A
Type I MPGN
11
Q
Schiller Duval bodies
A
yolk sac tumors
12
Q
blastemal, stromal, epithelial cell types with abortive tubules or glomeruli
A
Wilms tumor
13
Q
central and transitional zones of prostate
A
BPH
14
Q
subepithelial humps
A
PSGN
15
Q
nephrocalcinosis
A
renal tubular acidosis
16
Q
decreased vitamin D
A
chronic renal failure
17
Q
tubilitis or endarteritis
A
acute cellular allograft rejection
18
Q
increased mesangial matrix, basement membrane thickened w/ segmental splitting
A
Type II MPGN
19
Q
antibody antigen reactions in podocytes and basement membrane
A
Minimal change disease
20
Q
type I hypersensitivity, basophils, IgE
A
acute tubulointerstitial nephritis
21
Q
radiolucent
A
uric acid - not visible on x-ray
22
Q
cyclophosphamide
A
bladder cancer and hemorrhagic cystitis
23
Q
strongly eosinophilic cells with numerous mitochondria
A
renal oncocytoma tumors
24
Q
Celiac disease
A
IgA nephropathy
25
fetal appearance with immature glomeruli and cartilage surrounding mesenchyme
multicystic dysplastic kidney
26
loss of function of tumor suppressor gene VHL on chromosome 3
clear cell renal cell carcinoma
27
dilated atrophic tubules with eosinophilic hyaline casts
thyroidization of chronic pyelonephritis
28
ETS overexpression
prostate adenocarcinoma resistant to androgen blockade
29
thickened basement membrane and mesangium
stage II diabetic nephropathy
30
Fanconi's syndrome
type II renal tubular acidosis; proximal tubule
31
glomerular lobulation is accentuated. Increased mesangial cells and matrix capillary wall
Type I MPGN
32
postrenal azotemia
bilateral outflow obstruction
33
epithelial cells retraction of cytoplasm from basement membrane, development of microvilli
minimal change disease
34
hyaline casts in distal tubule and collecting ducts, interstitial edema and leukocytes
acute renal failure
35
proliferation of capillary endothelial cells
PSGN
36
C3 and properdin deposits in BM
Type II MPGN
37
metastasizes to lungs and bone marrow
renal cell carcinoma
38
edema, metabolic acidosis, and hyperkalemia
chronic renal failure
39
loss of genomic imprinting of IGF2
Beckwith-Wiedemann
40
immune complexes found in mesangial cells
SLE membranous nephropathy
41
large cystic dilation of the kidney with atrophic cortex
irreversible changes due to obstruction leading to hydronephrosis
42
granular appearance due to IgG and C3 deposition along GBM
PSGN
43
acute pancreatitis
acute tubular necrosis
44
Beckwith-Wiedemann
Wilms tumor nephroblastoma
45
fibrin in Bowman's space
RPGN
46
thickening of basement membrane
membranous nephropathy
47
IgA deposits in mesangium
IgA Nephropathy
48
loss of function mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 tumor suppressor genes
angiomyolipoma and tuberous sclerosis
49
peripheral zones of prostate
prostate adenocarcinoma
50
cells with clear cytoplasm containing glycogen
seminomas
51
Diffuse thickening of glomerular capillary BM and increased amount of mesangial matrix with mild mesangial cell proliferation (mesangial enlargement)
Diabetic nephropathy
52
crystalline like lattices on electron microscopy
polyomavirus
53
capillary wall thickening, hypercellularity and small crescents
Type II MPGN
54
small kidney with tubular ischemic atrophy without much interstitial fibrosis
fibromuscular dysplasia
55
collagen deposition in mesangium and capillary loops and plasma proteins in glomerular structures
FSGS
56
ureaplasma urealyticum
chronic abacterial prostatitis
57
Increased mesangium and BM thickness
Diabetic nephropathy
58
medullary sponge kidney
nephrolithiasis
59
central scarring
renal oncocytoma
60
Congo red stain
amyloid nephropathy
61
fusion of foot processes
nephrotic in general, minimal change disease, and diabetic nephropathy
62
exposure to asbestos
renal cell carcinoma
63
diffuse granular staining of capillary walls for IgG and C3 and for terminal complement components: MAC C5b, C6 - C9
membranous nephropathy
64
abnormal bumpy shape of kidney
chronic pyelonephritis
65
alpha 3 chain of type IV collagen
Goodpasture's
66
Hypercellular and enlarged glomeruli, neutrophils; proliferation of capillary endothelial cells
PSGN
67
pinkish fibrin like material found in vessel wall replacing viable cells which are now dead
fibrinoid necrosis - HTN
68
eosinophilic cells with numerous mitochondria
renal oncocytoma
69
uteropelvic obstruction or ureteral atresia
multicystic dysplastic kidney
70
lead exposure
uric acid stones
71
2-napthylamine exposure
transitional cell carcinoma of bladder
72
thickening of medial arterial smooth muscle alternating with atrophy
fibromuscular dysplasia
73
subendothelial deposits and lobulated glomeruli; increased mesangial cells and basement membrane
Type I MPGN
74
placental morphology containing malignant trophoblast with malignant synctriotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast cells present
choriocarcinoma
75
sickle cell disease
FSGS
76
fibromuscular dysplasia
renovascular hypertension
77
tumor lysis syndrome seen with chemotherapy
uric acid stones
78
thryoidization
chronic pyelonephritis
79
cryptochordism or undescended testes
seminomas
80
Bcl-2 and Bcl-x
anti apoptotic
81
pregnancy
UTIs and acute pyelonephritis
82
anemia
ESRD
83
gynecomastia
Leydig cell tumors
Choriocarcinoma
84
granular staining for C3 in the capillary walls and mesangium
Type I MPGN
85
peripheral eosinophilia
acute tubulointerstitial nephritis
86
diffuse thinning of basement membrane
benign familial hematuria aka thin BM lesion
87
capillary wall thickening, hypercellularity, small crescent
type II MPGN
88
multiple myeloma
amyloid nephropathy with immunoglobulin light chain amyloid
89
mutation in nephrin and podocin
proteinuria - components of slit diaphragm
90
radiographic contrast media
acute tubular necrosis
91
irregular thickening of BM, lamination of lamina densa, foci of rarefaction
Alport syndrome
92
fatty change followed by necrosis
acute renal failure due to carbon tetrachloride
93
fibrinoid necrosis
very high blood pressure
94
proliferation of parietal cells, infiltration of monocytes and macrophages
RPGN
95
mutation in dibasic acid transporter
cystinuria
96
chronic TB
amyloid nephropathy with serum amyloid A protein
97
hyaline atherosclerosis
essential HTN affects afferent arteriole
diabetes affects both arterioles (but efferent more so)
98
renal papillary necrosis seen in?
diabetes and acute pyelonephritis
99
calcification within tubules and interstitium
nephrocalcinosis
100
induced by mixture of aspirin and phenacetin
renal papillary necrosis
101
lobulated glomeruli, increasing mesangial cells and basement membrane, sub endothelial deposits
type I MPGN
102
thickening of pertibular capillary basement membranes and mesangial widening of glomeruli
chronic cellular allograft rejection
103
activating MET mutations
papillary renal cell carcinoma
104
11p13 germline deletion
Wager syndrome; Wilms' tumor
105
polyomavirus
acute pyelonephritis in immunocomprised along with CMV and adenovirus
106
WBC casts
acute pyelonephritis
107
pleiomorphic cells surrounding a fibrovascular core
papillary transitional carcinoma of bladder
108
pregnancy
acute pyelonephritis, UTI
109
vegan diet
hyperoxaluria --\>calcium oxalate stone
110
pelvic irradiation
transitional cell carcinoma of bladder
111
osteomyelitis
type I membranoproliferative GN
112
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
IgA nephropathy
113
precipitate at high pH
calcium phosphate, triple phosphate
114
prominent nucleoli
prostate adenocarcinoma
115
activated c-kit
seminomas
116
aniridia, genital abnormalities, retardation
Wager syndrome - Wilm's tumor
117
Wager syndrome
Wilms tumor nephroblastoma
118
Focal accumulations of mesangial matrix (lipids and fibrin) located in periphery
Kimmelstiel-Wilson Lesions (LM)
119
obesity
FSGS
120
leucine crystals
maple syrup urine disease
121
linear deposits of IgG and C3 in GBM
Goodpasture's
122
beads on string arteriogram
fibromuscular dysplasia
123
mesangial proliferation
IgA Nephropathy
124
symptom - intestinal obstruction
Wilms tumor
125
neutrophils replaced by lymphocytes followed by irregular scar formation which can be visualized on the cortical surface as fibrous depressions
acute pyelonephritis - healing
126
dominant negative inactivating mutation of WT1
Denys-Drash syndrome
127
segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis
FSGS
128
amorphous undigestible acellular material in mesangium or renal tubules
amyloid nephropathy
129
triple phosphate stones
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis; proteus infection
130
HIV infection
FSGS
131
sub epithelial immune complex deposits between basement membrane and podocytes
membranous nephropathy
132
carbon tetrachloride
acute tubular necrosis
133
edema and inflammation in interstitium
acute tubular necrosis
134
Denys-Drash
Wilms tumor nephroblastoma
135
bands of capillary wall staining and coarse granular staining for C3 in mesangial cells
Type II MPGN
136
aneurysmal dilations of capillaries
Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules
137
X linked
Alport syndrome
138
mutations in alternative complement pathway (factor H)
type II MPGN
139
Schistosoma
squamous cell carcinoma of bladder
140
pyonephrosis
acute pyelonephritis
141
primary hyperparathyroidism
metastatic calcification
142
cirrhosis
IgA nephropathy
143
Granular “lumpy-bumpy” appearance due to IgG and C3 deposition in capillary walls and mesangium
PSGN
144
gonadal dysgenesis and early onset nephropathy with renal failure
Denys-Drash --\> Wilms tumor nephroblastoma
145
sub endothelial deposits
type I MPGN
146
alpha fetoprotein
Schiller Duval bodies of yolk sac tumors
147
IgM and C3 on IF
FSGS
148
IF: trapping of IgM and C3 in the segmental areas of sclerosis and hyalinosis
FSGS
149
sarcoidosis
metastatic calcification granulomatous prostatitis
150
mitochondria of renal tubular epithelial cells contain abundant calcium deposits
nephrocalcinosis
151
avoid ACE inhibitors
renovascular hypertension
152
intrarenal renal failure
acute tubular necrosis
153
exposure to heavy metals
renal cell carcinoma and acute tubular necrosis
154
glomeruli enlarged, hypercellular, neutrophils
PSGN
155
pericarditis
ESRD
156
LINEAR deposits of IgG and C3 in glomerular basement membrane
Goodpasture's
157
Klinefelter's syndrome XXY
seminoma
158
mutation in type IV collagen
Alport syndrome benign familial hematuria (certain chains thereof)
159
mutations in SLC3A1
recessive cystinuria
160
C3 nephritic factor
type II MPGN
161
groups of tubular structures lacking normal interstitial cells without sperm development
Sertoli cell tumors
162
Crystals of Reinke
Leydig cell tumor
163
sheets or nests of cells surrounded by fibrous bands which are infiltrated by lymphocytes
seminoma
164
interstitium fibrotic with lymphocyte infiltrate
chronic pyelonephritis
165
mutations in SLC7A9
dominant cystinuria
166
posterior urethral valves
UT obstruction, hydronephrosis, acute pyelonephritis
167
intranuclear inclusions and nuclear enlargement
polyomavirus
168
cutaneous bruising
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
169
precipitate at low pH
calcium oxalate, uric acid, cystine
170
pale cortex with hyperemic medullary regions
acute tubular necrosis
171
deafness, eye problems, glomerulonephritis
Alport syndrome
172
BPH
hydronephrosis and acute pyelonephritis
173
osteolytic cancer metastasis
metastatic calcification
174
subepithelial immune complex humps between basement membrane and podocytes
PSGN
175
loss of imprinting of the maternal gene allowing for overexpression of IGF-2
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome --\> Wilms tumor nephroblastoma
176
subacute bacterial endocarditis
type I membranoproliferative GN
177
crescent moon shape consisting of fibrin with proliferation of parietal cells and infiltration of monocytes and macrophages
RPGN
178
trophoblast tissue expresses beta hCG
choriocarcinoma
179
sexual precocity
Leydig cell tumor
180
p16, p53, and loss of chromosome 9
transitional cell carcinoma of bladder
181
urinary loss of amino acids and phosphate
Fanconi's
182
heroin abuse
FSGS
183
hemoptysis
choriocarcinoma
Goodpasture's
any cancer which has lung metastasis
184
irregular thickening of basement membrane, lamination of lamina dens, foci of rarefaction
Alport Syndrome
185
hypocalcemia
secondary hyperparathyroidism of chronic renal failure
186
trisomy 7, trisomy 17, loss of Y chromosome
sporadic papillary renal cell carcinoma
187
granulomatous prostatitis
TB, sarcoidosis, fungal infections
188
renal artery vasculitis
fibromuscular dysplasia
189
octahedral crystals
calcium oxalate
190
round shape, clear border, darker center crystals
leucine crystals MSUD
191
dystrophic calcification
calcium phosphate stone
192
hexagonal crystals
cystine
193
inhibitor of cyclin dependent kinase
tumor suppressor gene p16 (INK4A) in bladder cancer
194
nephritic syndrome s/s
hematuria
mild proteinuria
decreased renal fx manifested as:
edema
oliguria
elevated BUN and Cr
decreased GFR
decreased Na+ delivery to distal tubule can lead to HTN
195
schistocytes
RBCs lysed by extremely high blood pressure
196
wedge shaped scars mixed with relatively normal renal tissue
nephrocalcinosis
197
renal pelvis abscesses
diabetic nephropathy
198
deletion of tumor suppressor gene WT1 on chromosome 11
Wilms' tumor
199
unilateral yellow mass
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
200
gentamicin
acute tubular necrosis
201
necrosis due to ischemia from poor blood flow
coagulative necrosis
202
hydropic degeneration of PCT
acute renal failure due to ethylene glycol
203
trisomy 7
familial papillary renal cell carcinoma
204
fistulas
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
205
C3 and properdin deposition in BM
type II MPGN
206
collections of neutrophils within tubules or interstitium
acute pyelonephritis
207
coagulative necrosis without inflammation
ischemic acute tubular necrosis
208
white frost on skin
ESRD
209
metastasizes to liver, lungs, bone marrow
transitional cell carcinoma of bladder
210
unilateral renal agenesis
FSGS
211
risk of spontaneous hemorrhage
angiomyolipoma
212
chlamydia
chronic abacterial prostatitis
213
collapse of glomerular capillaries, increased matrix material (sclerosis), and podocyte
HIV - collapsing pattern of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
214
hyperphosphatemia
secondary hyperparathyroidism of chronic renal failure
215
congenital mutations in chloride channels leading to increase calcium, phosphate, and amino acids in urine
Dent's disease
216
rheumatoid arthritis
amyloid nephropathy with serum amyloid A protein
217
hypotension, shock
prerenal azotemia
218
neutrophils, coagulative necrosis, and conserved tubule outlines
renal papillary necrosis
219
Hodgkin disease and T cell lymphoma
minimal change disease
220
intramembranous deposits (dense) and thickening of basement membrane
Type II MPGN
221
Sjogren's
type I renal tubular acidosis; distal tubule
222
lipid filled macrophages
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
223
SLE
membranous nephropathy
224
Macrophage accumulation surrounding struvite stones
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
225
Macrophage accumulation in cortex
xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
