Rapid Review - Classic/Relevant Treatments (Part 2)

Question 1

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 1

Fluids, insulin, K+

Question 2

Enterococci

Answer 2

Vancomycin/ampicillin + aminoglycoside

Question 3

Erectile dysfunction

Answer 3

Sildenafil, vardenafil

Question 4

ER (+) breast cancer

Answer 4

Tamoxifen

Question 5

Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

Answer 5

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

Question 6

Haemophilus influenzae (B)

Answer 6

Rifampin (prophylaxis)

Question 7

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 7

Buspirone

Question 8

Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener)

Answer 8

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids

Question 9

Heparin toxicity (acute)

Answer 9

Protamine sulfate

Question 10

HER2/neu (+) breast cancer

Answer 10

Trastuzumab

Question 11

Hyperaldosteronism

Answer 11

Spironolactone

Question 12

Hypercholesterolemia

Answer 12

Statin (first-line)

Question 13

Hypertriglyceridemia

Answer 13

Fibrate

Question 14

Immediate anticoagulation

Answer 14

Heparin

Question 15

Infertility

Answer 15

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene

Question 16

Influenza

Answer 16

Rimantadine, oseltamivir

Question 17

Legionella pneumophila

Answer 17

Erythromycin

Question 18

Long-term anticoagulation

Answer 18

Warfarin

Question 19

Malaria

Answer 19

Chloroquine/mefloquine (for blood schizont), Primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

Question 20

Malignant hyperthermia

Answer 20

Dantrolene

Question 21

Medical abortion

Answer 21

Mifepristone

Question 22

Migraine

Answer 22

Sumatriptan

Question 23

MRSA

Answer 23

Vancomycin

Question 24

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 24

Beta-interferon, immunosuppression, natalizumab

Question 25

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 25

RIFE (rifampin, INH, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

Question 26

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer 26

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent Chlamydia)

Question 27

Neisseria meningitidis

Answer 27

Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)

Question 28

Neural tube defect prevention

Answer 28

Prenatal folic acid

Question 29

Osteomalacia/rickets

Answer 29

Vitamin D supplementation

Question 30

Osteoporosis

Answer 30

Biphosphonates; calcium and vitamin D supplementation

Question 31

Patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 31

Indomethacin

Question 32

Pheochromocytoma

Answer 32

alpha-antagonists (e.g., phenoxybenzamine)

Question 33

Pneumocystis jirovecii

Answer 33

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patient)

Question 34

Prolactinoma

Answer 34

Bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

Question 35

Prostate cancer/uterine fibroids

Answer 35

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

Question 36

Prostate carcinoma

Answer 36

Flutamide

Question 37

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 37

Antipseudomonal penicillin + aminoglycoside

Question 38

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

Answer 38

Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol

Question 39

Rickettsia rickettsii

Answer 39

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol (associated with aplastic anemia)

Question 40

Ringworm infections

Answer 40

Terbinafine, griseofulvin, imidazole

Question 41

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

Answer 41

5-HT 2A antagonists (e.g., 2nd-generation antipsychotics)

Question 42

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

Answer 42

D2 receptor antagonists (e.g., 1st- and 2nd-generation antipsychotics)

Question 43

SIADH

Answer 43

Demeclocycline, lithium, vasopressin receptor antagonists

Question 44

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 44

Hydroxyurea (increased fetal hemoglobin)

Question 45

Sporothrix schenckii

Answer 45

Oral potassium iodide

Question 46

Stable angina

Answer 46

Sublingual nitroglycerin

Question 47

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 47

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins); MRSA: vancomycin

Question 48

Streptococcus bovis

Answer 48

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis

Question 49

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 49

Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)

Question 50

Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 50

Penicillin prophylaxis

Question 51

Temporal arteritis

Answer 51

High-dose steroids

Question 52

Tonic-clonic seizures

Answer 52

Phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

Question 53

Toxoplasma gondii

Answer 53

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

Question 54

Treponema pallidum

Answer 54

Penicillin

Question 55

Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer 55

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

Question 56

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

Answer 56

Carbamazepine

Question 57

Ulcerative colitis

Answer 57

5-ASA, infliximab, colectomy

Question 58

UTI prophylaxis

Answer 58

TMP-SMX

Question 59

Warfarin toxicity

Answer 59

Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (chronic)