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FA - Rapid Review > Rapid Review - Key Associations (Part 2) > Flashcards

Rapid Review - Key Associations (Part 2) Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Holosystolic murmur

A

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

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2
Q

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

A

Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis)

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3
Q

Hypertension, secondary

A

Renal disease

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4
Q

Hypoparathyroidism

A

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

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5
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

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6
Q

Infection secondary to blood transfusion

A

Hepatitis C

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7
Q

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

A

Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase +)

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8
Q

Intellectual disability

A

Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome

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9
Q

Kidney stones

A

(1) Calcium = radiopaque (2) Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus) (3) Uric acid = radiolucent

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10
Q

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)

A

Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)

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11
Q

Liver disease

A

Alcoholic cirrhosis

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12
Q

Lysosomal storage disease

A

Gaucher disease

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13
Q

Male cancer

A

Prostatic carcinoma

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14
Q

Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

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15
Q

Malignancy (kids)

A

ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

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16
Q

Metastases to bone

A

Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid

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17
Q

Metastases to brain

A

Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI

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18
Q

Metastases to liver

A

Colon&raquo_space; stomach, pancreas

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19
Q

Mitochondrial inheritance

A

Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only

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20
Q

Mitral valve stenosis

A

Rheumatic heart disease

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21
Q

Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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22
Q

Myocarditis

A

Coxsackie B

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23
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

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24
Q

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

A

Minimal change disease

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25
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
26
Nosocomial pneumonia
Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
27
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
28
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
29
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
30
Osteomyelitis
S. aureus
31
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
32
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Pseudomonas, S. aureus
33
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
34
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
35
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
36
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
37
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
38
Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL: child, CLL: adult > 60, AML: adult ~65, CML: adult 30-60
39
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
40
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)
CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)
41
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
42
Primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45, XO)
43
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
44
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
45
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
46
Primary liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency)
47
Pulmonary hypertension
COPD
48
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)
49
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
50
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
51
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
Increased ventricular filling (left-to-right shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])
52
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
53
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
54
Sexually transmitted disease
Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)
55
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
56
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
57
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
58
Stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
59
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
60
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
61
t(8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)
62
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
63
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
64
Testicular tumor
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)
65
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
66
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
67
Tumor of infancy
Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
68
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
69
Tumor for the adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
70
Type of Hodgkin
Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
71
Type of non-Hodgkin
Diffuse large cell
72
UTI
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
73
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
74
Vitamin deficiency (U.S.)
Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)

FA - Rapid Review (9 decks)

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