Rapid Review - Classic Labs/Findings (Part 1)

Question 1

Anticentromere antibodies

Answer 1

Scleroderma (CREST)

Question 2

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

Answer 2

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

Question 3

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

Answer 3

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

Question 4

Antihistone antibodies

Answer 4

Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)

Question 5

Anti-IgG antibodies

Answer 5

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

Question 6

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

Answer 6

Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

Question 7

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

Answer 7

Microscopic polyangitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

Question 8

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-smith and anti-dsDNA)

Answer 8

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

Question 9

Antiplatelet antibodies

Answer 9

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Question 10

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

Answer 10

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

Question 11

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

Answer 11

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

Question 12

“Apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray

Answer 12

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

Question 13

Azurophilic peroxidase (+) granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

Answer 13

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)

Question 14

Bacitracin response

Answer 14

Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); Resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)

Question 15

“Bamboo spine” on x-ray

Answer 15

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

Question 16

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

Answer 16

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

Question 17

Basophilic stippling on RBCs

Answer 17

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

Question 18

Bloody tap on LP

Answer 18

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 19

“Boot-shaped” heart on x-ray

Answer 19

Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

Question 20

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

Answer 20

Actinomyces israelii

Question 21

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

Answer 21

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome)

Question 22

“Brown” tumor of bone

Answer 22

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

Question 23

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

Answer 23

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

Question 24

Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

Answer 24

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

Question 25

"Chocolate cysts" of ovary

Answer 25

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

Question 26

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

Answer 26

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

Question 27

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

Answer 27

Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene --> fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

Question 28

Low AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

Answer 28

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality

Question 29

Degeneration of dorsal column nerves

Answer 29

Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)

Question 30

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

Answer 30

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

Question 31

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

Answer 31

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)

Question 32

Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

Answer 32

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)

Question 33

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

Answer 33

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

Question 34

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

Answer 34

"Owl eye" appearance of CMV

Question 35

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

Answer 35

"Orphan Annie" eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

Question 36

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

Answer 36

Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)

Question 37

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

Answer 37

Lewy body (Parkinson disease)

Question 38

Eosinophilic globule in liver

Answer 38

Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

Question 39

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells

Answer 39

Negri bodies of rabies

Question 40

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

Answer 40

Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)

Question 41

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")

Answer 41

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)

Question 42

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

Answer 42

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

Question 43

"Hair on end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray

Answer 43

Beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

Question 44

hCG elevated

Answer 44

Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)

Question 45

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

Answer 45

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)