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Block 5: Neuro > RAT 4 > Flashcards

RAT 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

inferior olivary nucleus

A

compares the motor plan with the sensory information coming in

sends summated information output to the cerebellum as “climbing fibers”

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2
Q

Identify 3

A

middle cerebellar peduncle; gets input from the pontine nuclei to project to the lateral hemisphere of the cerebellar cortex (cerebrocerebellar circuit = motor planning and learning)

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3
Q

Identify 1

A

superior cerebellar peduncle in the wall of the fourth ventricle

output of the cerebrocerebellar tract; from dentate nucleus to red nucleus and VL of thalamus

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4
Q

Identify 2

A

main sensory and motor of V at the elvel of the upper pons

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5
Q

Identify pink outline

A

reticular formation which give rise to the medial reticulospinals

note that the red outline is the general locaiton of the corticospinal and corticoreticulars

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6
Q

what is outlined in red?

A

superior cerebellar peduncle; site at which axons leave SCP and decussate to contralateral side (Where they go to red nucleus and VL of thalamus)

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7
Q

where are corticopontine fibers located

A

crus cerebri

(in yellow outline)

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8
Q

Through which cerebellar peduncle do the dentatorubrothalamic axons pass?

A

these are the axons coming from the superior cerebellar peduncle to go to the red nucleus and ventrolateral thalamus

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9
Q

identify what is circled in yellow

A

subthalamic nuc

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10
Q

lesion to cerebellar vermis

A

truncal ataxia (wide-based, drunken sailor gait)

dysarthria

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11
Q

lesion to cerebellar hemisphere

A

intention tremor

limb ataxia

loss of balance

ipsilateral!! FALL TOWARD LESION

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12
Q

PPRF lesion

A

eyes look away from lesion

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13
Q

lesion to the mamillary bodies

A

Wernike Korsakoff syndrome

Confusion, Ataxia, Nystagmus, Opthalmoplegia

memory loss, personality changes

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14
Q

what coudl cause lesion to amygdala

A

HSV1 encephalitis

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15
Q

what would an amygdala lesion cause

A

disinhibited behavior

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16
Q

lesion at red nucleus

A

decrebrate posturing

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17
Q

reseting tremor

A

parkinsons ; uncontrolled mvmt of distal apendages ; alleviated by intentional movement

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18
Q

intention tremor

A

cerebellar dysfunciton

slow, zigzag motion when pointing/extending toward a target

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19
Q

what spinal tract is involved with the control of trunk muscles?

A

anterior corticospinal

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20
Q

another name for the anterolateral system

A

anterior spinothalamic tract

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21
Q

Identify 1

A

caudate

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22
Q

Identify 2

A

putamen

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23
Q

Idenitfy 3

A

globus pallidus

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24
Q

striatum

A

caudate and putamen

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25
what is the major input region of basal ganglia
striatum = caudate and putamen
26
what does NOT project to the basal ganglia
primary auditory and primary visual corted
27
freezing
* sudden, brief episodes of inability to produce effective forward stepping * usually during **gait initiation** or **turning** while walking * strategies to overcome: incr step amplitude, retains tepping rhythm, incr turning arc
28
loss of direct pathway
hypokinetic disorder
29
loss of indirect pathway
hyperkinetic disorders
30
ballismus
wild flinging movments of extremities
31
what causes hemiballismus
= ballistic movments on one side loss of contralateral STN recall basal ganglia affects contralateral side
32
vermis gets what kind of proprioceptive input?
trunk
33
paravermis gets what kind of proprioceptive info?
from upper and lower extremities
34
clarke's nucleus
C8-L3 gets proprioceptors from lower extremity and trunk
35
accessory cuneate nucleus
gets proprioceptive information from **upper extremity and trunk** it projects to **cuneocerebellar tract to ipsilateral spinocerebellum (ICP)**
36
ataxia
loss of coordination | (after damage to cerebellum)
37
clarke's nucleus
L3-C8 information from lower extremities to cerebellum via the ICP
38
accessory cuneate nucleus
C7-C1 proprioception info from upper extremity to cerebellum via ICP
39
mossy fibers
* excitatory * excite the granule cells (which then excite the purkije cells) * gets information from spinocerebellar and pontocerebellar tracts
40
climbing fibers
* get info from contralateral inferior olive * excitatory * excite the purkinje cells
41
granule cells
* get excited by the mossy fibers * give off parallel fibers which then excite the purkinje fibers
42
purkinje fibers
* only output of cerebellar CORTEX * inhibitory * is excited by granule cells (which are excited by mossy fibers) as well as climbing fibers
43
ipsilateral ataxia w/o other brainstem findings
suspect the SCA
44
fastigial projections in spinocerebellar tract
* reticular formation * reticulospinal tract * vestibular nuclei * vestibulospinal tract (medial ventral horn)
45
vestibulospinal tract
comes from vestibular nuclei; innervates interneurons and the medial ventral horn of the spinal cortd 1. medial * bilateral * regulates head position * extends to cervical levels 2. lateral * ipsilateral * antigravity muscles
46
what moderates unanticipated postural instability
vestibulospinal tracts
47
what moderates anticipated postural instability
reticulospinal tract
48
reticulospinal tracts
* upright posture and balance * originates from the reticular formation
49
what part of the pons are the pontine nuclei traveling in?
base of the pons
50
what part of the pons are the ICP, MCP and SCP in?
tegmentum
51
what does the cerebellum have to do w? ~tone~~
cerebellum modulates reticulospinal tracts by inputting to the reticular formation; the reticulospinal tracts regulate input to alpha and gamma motor neurons; without this, can get HYPOTONIA AND PENDULAR REFLEXES
52
identify
red nucleus
53
identify
superior cerebellar peduncle
54
identify
dentate nucleus
55
56
if you see horners what syndrome should come to mind
lateral medullary syndrome
57
a cerebral cortex lesionresults in
ipsilateral loss of smooth eye movement
58
identify
region of descending sympathetic patwhway in the brainstem LATERAL MEDULLARY SYNDROME WILL GIVE HORNERS
59
identify dashed green line
inferior cerebellar peduncle
60
identify pink
Vestibular nuclear complex with bundles of axons of the lateral vestibulospinal tract (**antigravity muscles; ipsi)**
61
identify green
MLF near/around medial reticulospinals (trunk) recall that the reticulospinals get corticoreticular input bilaterally
62
Identify \*
floculus of the cerebellum
63
Identify the lime green
vermis of the cerebellum
64
identify the red circle
dentate nucleus of the cerebellum
65
what is the blue star outlining
**pontine nuclei**; found in the **base of the pons** project into the cerebellum via the MCP
66
where do climbing fibers come from
come from inferior olivary nucleus and enter the cerebellum thru the ICP
67
ID yellow circle
interposed nuclei
68
ID red circle
dentate nucleus
69
ID #1
vermis
70
what circuit are the pontine nuclei a part of?
cerebrocerebellum * mossy fibers via MCP
71
ID black circle
fastigial nucleus | (most medial: don't eat greasy foods)
72
list the syndromes for lateral medullary
ataxia dysphagia dysmetria decr gag decr pain temp = contralateral body ipsilateral face horners vominting/ vertigo nystagmus
73

Block 5: Neuro (8 decks)

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