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Flashcards in Rate Of Reaction Deck (21)
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1
Q

What is the energy needed to make a reaction happen called?

A

Activation energy

2
Q

What is the short hand for activation enrgy?

A

Ea

3
Q

What effect to enzymes have on Ea?

A

Enzymes work by reducing the Ea.

Ea lowered-means it is easier for reaction to happen

4
Q

What are the 2 possible effects of a rise in temperature?

A

Increases kinetic energy.
Either more enzyme-substrate complexes or
Denaturation

5
Q

How does an increase in temperature increase enzyme-substrate complexes?

A

Molecukes have more kinetic energy meaning enzymes and substrates are more likely to collide

6
Q

How does an increase in temperature dentaure an enzyme?

A

Molecules vibrate more which can break bonds and alter a molecules structure.

7
Q

What happens at low temperatures?

A

There is low kinetic energy. Few enzyme-substrate complexes being formed so rate of reaction is slow. q

8
Q

Are enzymes denatured at low temperatures?

A

No

Just low energy

9
Q

What is an enzymes optimum temperature?

A

Where the rate of reaction is at its highest. Enough energy to increase enzyme-substrate complex formation but not enough to dentaure enzymes.

10
Q

What is the optimum temperature for most enzymes in the body?

A

37°C

11
Q

What happens when pH is changed away from the norm?

A

Bonds start to change.
Active site changes shape.
Too far from the norm the enzyme is denatured.

12
Q

What is the graph of pH and reaction rate?

A

Bell shape over optimum pH

13
Q

What does pH effect on an enzyme?

A

Charges on R groups. Hydrogen and Ionic bonds between R groups.

14
Q

What is the optimum pH for stomach enzymes?

A

pH of about 2

15
Q

What haopnes as substrate concentration increases?

A

Rate of reaction increases.

16
Q

Why does the rate of reaction increase with substrate concentration increase?

A

Extra substrate means more likely to collide with enzyme. Forms enzyme-substrate complex

17
Q

What does the graph of substrate concentration and rate of reaction look like?

A

Steady inacrease then flatten out.

Enzymes working at optimum rate.

18
Q

Why can an enzyme never reach its true optimum?

A

Due to the time taken for products to leave an active site and a new substrate to enter.

19
Q

What happens when enzyme concentration is increased?

A

Rate of reaction increases.

20
Q

What is a limiting factor?

A

A factor limiting the rate of the process.

Where increasing the level of that factor increases the rste but other factors have no effect.

21
Q

What are allosteric activators?

A

Conpunds that can activate enzymes to make he active site change shape so the substrate can now fit.