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Chemistry > Rates of Reaction - C8 > Flashcards

Rates of Reaction - C8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equation for rate of reaction

A

= Amount of reactant used or product formed / Time

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2
Q

What units are used for rate of reaction

A

g/s and cm3/s

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3
Q

What is rate of reaction

A

It is a measure of the change in a reaction per unit time

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4
Q

How do you measure the rate at a certain point of a graph

A

You draw a tangent off that point

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5
Q

What is activation energy

A

It is the minimum amount of energy the particles need to react together

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6
Q

How can rate of reaction be increased

A

Increasing the frequency of collisions
Increasing the energy of collisions
Lowering the activation energy

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7
Q

What factors affect rate of reaction

A

Temperature
Catalyst
Surface Area
Concentration

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8
Q

Why does temperature affect rate of reaction

A

It gives particles more energy causing them to go faster
This causes more frequent collisions
Collisions have more energy

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9
Q

What is concentration

A

A measure of the number of particles of a substance in a certain volume

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10
Q

Why does concentration affect rate of reaction

A

More particles, so more frequent collisions

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11
Q

What is a catalyst

A

It is a substance that speeds up chemical reactions without being used up
This works by providing an alternative reaction pathway which has a lower activation energy

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12
Q

Why does catalysts affect the rate of reaction

A

Because it lowers the activation energy for the reaction

This means that particles can react even with moderate amounts of energy

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13
Q

Why does Surface Area affect rate of reaction

A

More reactant is exposed so more frequent collisions

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14
Q

What method can you use for surface area

A

Loss in mass method

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15
Q

What method can you use for temperature

A

The cross at the bottom of the flask method

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16
Q

What method can you use for concentration

A

Gas syringe method

17
Q

What is a reversible reaction

A

It is a reaction which once completed can react backwards to form the original reactants

18
Q

If the forward reaction is endothermic, what is the reverse reaction

A

exothermic

19
Q

What is a salt

A

A compound formed when hydrogen is replaced by a metal

20
Q

What is water of crystallsation

A

It is water molecules contained in crystalline lattice

21
Q

What is a hydrated salt

A

It is a salt with water of crystalline

22
Q

What is a anhydrous salt

A

It is a salt where water of crystalline is not present

23
Q

What is dynamic equilibrium

A

It is when the rate of the forward reaction is the same as the rate of the backward reaction in a closed system

24
Q

What is Le Chatelier’s Principle

A

That when a change in condition is introduced to a system at equilibrium, the position of the equilibrium shifts to cancel out the change

25
Q

How does changing the concentration in equilibrium effect the equilibrium

A

When a substance is added to the left hand side, the equilibrium shifts to the right

26
Q

How does changing the temperature in equilibrium effect the equilibrium

A

When the temperature is increased the equilibrium shifts to the side that the endothermic reaction is going

When the temperature is decreased the equilibrium shifts to the side that the exothermic reaction is going

27
Q

How does changing the pressure in equilibrium effect the equilibrium

A

When the pressure is increased the equilibrium shifts to the side with less moles

When the pressure is decreased the equilibrium shifts to the side with more moles

28
Q

What is the Haber process

A

It is the process of making ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen
The forward reaction is exothermic

29
Q

Where does the nitrogen come from for the Haber process

A

It comes from the air and is separated

30
Q

Where does the hydrogen come from for the Haber process

A

It comes from methane or other natural gases

31
Q

How does the Haber process work

A
  1. Gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen is compressed to a pressure of 200 atm and heated to 450 degrees - This is to increase the rate of reaction
  2. The mixture then goes into the reaction vessel containing a iron catalyst where an equilibrium is formed - This is to increase the rate
  3. The mixture is then cooled and the Ammonia liquefies and is separated
  4. Unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen and fed back into the system
32
Q

What conditions is the Haber process carried out in

A

High Pressure - Increase the rate of reaction and shift the equilibrium to the right
Quite High Temperature - Increases the rate of reaction but shifts the equilibrium to the left which reduces the yield

Chemistry (12 decks)

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