RBC

Question 1

haemopoeisis

Answer 1

creation of new blood cells

Question 2

poeisis

Answer 2

creation - poets are creative

Question 3

where are haemopoeitc stem cells found

Answer 3

bone marrow

Question 4

why do blood cells come from bone marrow

Answer 4

that is where haemopoetic stem cells are found

Question 5

characteristics of stem cells

Answer 5

self renewal

ability to differentiate

Question 6

what 2 lines can haemapoetic stem cells differentiate into

Answer 6

myeloid or lymphoid

Question 7

what is the lymphoid line

Answer 7

when HSC produces leukocytes

Question 8

what is the myeloid line

Answer 8

when HSC produces the rest - granulocytes, erythrocytes, platelets GEP

Question 9

progenitor meaning

Answer 9

precursor/ancestor

Question 10

HSC abbreviation

Answer 10

haematopoeitic stem cell

Question 11

myeloid meaning

Answer 11

relating to bone marrow

Question 12

lymphoid meaning

Answer 12

realting to lymphocytes

Question 13

main lymphoid lin specialised cell

Answer 13

lymphovyte

Question 14

main main myeloid line specialised cell

Answer 14

erythrocyte

Question 15

NEUTROPHIL

Answer 15

phagocytosis

Question 16

monocyte

Answer 16

phagocytosis ( mono = cool ), and presents antigens

Question 17

eosinophil

Answer 17

kill parasites (ew)

Question 18

platelet

Answer 18

haematostasis

Question 19

creation of new rbc

Answer 19

erythropeoisis

Question 20

what is needed for erythropoeisis

Answer 20

Iron and vitB

Question 21

hypoxia

Answer 21

too low O2 conc in blood

Question 22

hyperoxia

Answer 22

to high O2 conc in blood

Question 23

FOLATE

Answer 23

SYNONYM FOR vit b

Question 24

ferrous iron

Answer 24

Fe2+

Question 25

ferric iron

Answer 25

fe3+ ( 3 other people live with Ricky more)

Question 26

why does iron intake need to be controlled

Answer 26

IS TOXIC and cannot be excreted

Question 27

difference in absorbtion between ferrous and ferric iron

Answer 27

ferrous iron is more easily absorbed than ferric iron

Question 28

what happens to ferric iron before absorption

Answer 28

reduction to form ferrous iron so that it can be more easily absorbed

Question 29

enterocyte

Answer 29

cell in the epithelium of the SI

Question 30

ferroportin

Answer 30

a membrane protein which moves iron out of the cell

Question 31

what is the opposite of ferroportin

Answer 31

hepcidin

Question 32

hepcidin

Answer 32

blocks absorption of iron by blocking ferroportin

Question 33

where is fit b found

Answer 33

oysters, kidney

Question 34

how to absorb vit B

Answer 34

VitB+IntrinsicFactor = VitBIF cross the SI membrane

Question 35

why is VitB important

Answer 35

erythropoeitis and DNA synthesis

Question 36

pathway to make DNA from VitB

Answer 36

VitB - nitrogenous base - deoxinucleoditde tri phosphate - DNA

Question 37

2 causes of vita B def

Answer 37

insufficient iron intake | poor iron absorbtion

Question 38

what is RBC broken down into at start?

Answer 38

globulin and haem

Question 39

hypochromia

Answer 39

little colour

Question 40

polychromasia

Answer 40

many colours

Question 41

reticulocytes

Answer 41

immature RBC - are RETards

Question 42

Iron regulation pathway

Answer 42

low iron - ferroportin. - high fe - hepcidin - repeat

Question 43

what does VitB look like

Answer 43

nitrogenous base

Question 44

what is an intrinsic factor

Answer 44

glycoprotein produced by stomach cells to help absorption

Question 45

what is globulin broken down into in RBC met pathway?

Answer 45

amino acids

Question 46

what is haem group broken down into in RBC met pathway?

Answer 46

bilirubin

Question 47

where does bilirubin enter in RBC pathway

Answer 47

liver

Question 48

what is bilirubin responsible for

Answer 48

brown poo

Question 49

what happens to Fe in RBC breakdown?

Answer 49

returned to bone marrow for more erythropoeitisis

Question 50

anisocytosis

Answer 50

anillos have to be different shape

Question 51

poikilocytosis

Answer 51

like polka dots different shaped cells

Question 52

what is intrinsic factor

Answer 52

glycoprotein produced by stomach cells to absorb vit B

Question 53

what is sickle cell disease

Answer 53

cells are moon (crescent) shaped instead of donut (biconcave) shaped

Question 54

what happens in sickle cell disease

Answer 54

mutation in gene for globulin protein globulin protein becomes uncharged instead of charged HbS is less soluble in deoxygenated form than HbA HBS gets stuck in small blood vessels so not enough O2 can be transported around

Question 55

why is HbS less soluble than HbA in deoxygenated form

Answer 55

looses its charge on an AA residue

Question 56

HbS

Answer 56

mutated form of HbA (normal haemoglobin)

Question 57

reference range

Answer 57

range of values where data normally lies

Question 58

how many copies of faulty beta globulin gene do you need for sickle cell

Answer 58

2 because a recessive disorder

Question 59

factors affecting blood reading

Answer 59

altitude, age, ethnicity, gender, nutrition

Question 60

basic haematopoeitic lines

Answer 60

HSC --> myeloid or lymphoid progenitors---> specialised

Question 61

where do both progenitor cells come from

Answer 61

BM

Question 62

ferroportin role

Answer 62

in enterocytes so that any absorbed ferrous iron is transported into the bloodstream

Question 63

anemia

Answer 63

don't have enough ((working)) haemoglobin per blood volume

Question 64

causes to cytosis/penia in myeloid progenitor line

Answer 64

matches to function of cell

Question 65

neutrophyllia

Answer 65

NicePret

Question 66

basophyllia

Answer 66

allergic reaction

Question 67

oesinophyllia

Answer 67

parasites