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Haemotocytes > RBC2 > Flashcards

RBC2 Flashcards

1
Q

cellular immunity

A

tcell killing pathogens and releasing cytokines

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2
Q

humoral imunity

A

b cell proliferating into plasma cell and releasing antibodies

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3
Q

haematopeotic hierachy

A

family treee where haematopoetic stem cells differentiate into more specalised cells, such as myeloid and lymphoid progenitors

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4
Q

megakarocytes produce what

A

platelets

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5
Q

lymphoid progenitor successors

A

natural killer cell or other lymphocytes

other lympocytes become Tcell and Bcekl

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6
Q

haematopoeisis location in embryo

A

yolk sac—liver—-bine marrow

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7
Q

what is the yolk sack

A

small sac outside embryo containing HSCs

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8
Q

what attaches the yolk sac to the embryo

A

yolk stalk

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9
Q

haematopoeisis in embryo

A

bone marrow

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10
Q

what determines which cell an undifferentiated cell specilaises into

A

growth factors, transcription factors, environment,

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11
Q

common growth factors

A

myeloid growth factors
eg erythropoeitin
eg MCSFs

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12
Q

what does erythropoeitindo

A

growth factor binding to progenitors cell surface receptors and ordering them to specialise into erythrocyte

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13
Q

what do myeloid colon stimulating factors do?

A

bind to receptors to cause proliferation

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14
Q

what does mcsf stand for

A

myeloid colony stimulating factor

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15
Q

where are Tcell, Nk cell, B cell made

A

thymus—>finish dev in bine marriw, bine marrow, bone marriw

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16
Q

what does nk cell do

A

kill cancerous cells

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17
Q

analogy for differentiation from progenito

A

does not simply convert from progenitor into differentiated cell
have intermediate and late versions of partially diffentiated cells
these cells end inblast eg erythroblast

BUS STOP Aanalogy
myeloid progenitor, blast cells, specialised cell

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18
Q

blast prefix

A

a not fully mature cell which is differentiating

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19
Q

consequence if deficient in iron, folate or b12

A

anema

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20
Q

anemia

A

not enough rbc

or

not enough healthy rbc

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21
Q

microcytosis

smal rbc

A

nor enough Iron

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22
Q

macrocytosis

A

not enough folate or vitb12
no dna can be made
clel keeps on growign but cannot replicate

big rbc

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23
Q

what is thyamine needed for

A

alt name for vit b

dna synth

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24
Q

what regukates haematopoesis

A

growht factir, vitb, folate, ioron, env

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25
Q

what happens between oxygen and growth factor in erythropoesis

A

hypoxia , more griwth factor, more erythropoesis

huperoxia, less gorwth factor, less erythropoeisis

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26
Q

name of gf in erythropoesisi

A

erythropeotin

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27
Q

sources of iron, frrous and ferric

A

ferrous - meat

ferric - soy beans

animals do it begger

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28
Q

erythroblast

A

a stem cell which will differentiate into a rbc, but not yet

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29
Q

how is iron absorption regulated

A

hepcidin

30
Q

what is hepcidin

A

a hormon

31
Q

what happens to iron absorptin when erythropoesis increases

A

increases

32
Q

2 uses of vitb12

A

dna synth

rbc synth

33
Q

why is vit b needed for rbc priduction

A

needed to make dna so erythroblast can oroliferate

note rbc has no dna but erythroblast does

34
Q

why is iron needed for rbc

A

acts as central metal ion in complex and accepts ligans so can upload and deload o2

35
Q

how can inflammation cause anemia

A 
inflammation 
cytokines
more hepcidin
less iron absorption 
fewer rbc
36
Q

cells releasing cytokines

A

Tccell, nk cell

37
Q

4things for erythropeosis

A

vitb12,9 iron, gf

38
Q

sources of iron

A

red meat

39
Q

sources of vit b

A

ousters and clams and shell fish

40
Q

sources of folic scid

A

fruit

41
Q

how is vitb12 absorbed

A

merges with intrinsic factor and crosses the small intestin

42
Q

vit b def causes

A

anemia

43
Q

iron uses

A

make rbc

ake mitochondiral protiens

44
Q

folic acid

A

vit b12 or protonated form of folate

45
Q

rbc lifespan

A

after 120 days

46
Q

rbc catabolism

A

bd into haem and iron and globin
haem into bilirubin in kiver
iron into bm for more rbc
globin into aa into bm for more rbc

47
Q

bilirubin colour.

A

yellow

48
Q

helcidin

A

inhibits ferroportin and iron absorption

49
Q

why is rbc biconcave

A

aleve, lie

so can travek through blood capillaaries more easiliy and release o2 better

50
Q

blood group

A 
refers to membrane protiens and if they are present or not
a
b
c
d
\+-
51
Q

rbc disease we must know

A

hereditary spherocytosis

52
Q

hereditary spherocytosis

A

genetic condition where the linkages between surface orotiens are broken so membrane integrity decreases
thereofre rbc no longer biconcave but spherical

53
Q

what does rbc delend on for function

A 
haemoglobin (transport o2, sickle cell)
membrane integrity (hereidatry spherocytosis)
cell mer, atp (membrane poteintia, and at)
54
Q

how does body respond to hypoxia

A

more growth factors

elevated ahematopoesis

55
Q

what is haematolysis

A

destruction of rbc

56
Q

what occurs in spleen and liver

A

haematolysis

57
Q

what do rbc diseases such as sca or hs result in?

A

increased haematolysis

58
Q

why might a spleen be removed

A

excessive haematolysis in case of disease such as sca and need to keep rbc

59
Q

iron defiicency sign

A

hypochromia

60
Q

what does G6PDD mean

A

glucose six phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

61
Q

what dies g6 phosphate dehydrogenase nromally do

A

oxidises glucose six phosphate, producing some nadh

62
Q

why is nadph important in rbc

A

used to make a chemical called reduced glutothionine, which mops up oxidative free radicles

63
Q

what haplens if there is no glutothianine in the rbc

A

oxidative free radicle make rbc be oxidised and destriyed

64
Q

G6PDD pathology basic

A

not enoguh NADPH by dehydrogenatinf D6PD

not enough redgkutothiamine to save rbc from free radicle

65
Q

symptom of G6PDD

A

too much rbc breakdown causes jaundice

66
Q

why does rbc need atp, any cell actually

A

at of ions in and out of membranes to maintain appropoate concs to prevent death by osmosis

67
Q

what converts Fe3plus into Fe2plus

A

something with an electron- vit C

68
Q

what does vit c do

A

hydroxylation of collagen

reduce fe3+

69
Q

why does a not acidic stomach cause vitb12 def

A

acid separates vitb from rest of food molecules so it can bind to intrinsic factor

70
Q

what is a gscf

A

granulocyte colony stimulating factir

a growth factor

71
Q

which stem cells can self renew

A

HSCs

other cels such as myeloid progenitor cells are too fare down differentiation oine ot reniew

Haemotocytes (6 decks)

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