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RBC2 Flashcards

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1
Q

cellular immunity

A

tcell killing pathogens and releasing cytokines

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2
Q

humoral imunity

A

b cell proliferating into plasma cell and releasing antibodies

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3
Q

haematopeotic hierachy

A

family treee where haematopoetic stem cells differentiate into more specalised cells, such as myeloid and lymphoid progenitors

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4
Q

megakarocytes produce what

A

platelets

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5
Q

lymphoid progenitor successors

A

natural killer cell or other lymphocytes

other lympocytes become Tcell and Bcekl

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6
Q

haematopoeisis location in embryo

A

yolk sac—liver—-bine marrow

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7
Q

what is the yolk sack

A

small sac outside embryo containing HSCs

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8
Q

what attaches the yolk sac to the embryo

A

yolk stalk

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9
Q

haematopoeisis in embryo

A

bone marrow

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10
Q

what determines which cell an undifferentiated cell specilaises into

A

growth factors, transcription factors, environment,

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11
Q

common growth factors

A

myeloid growth factors
eg erythropoeitin
eg MCSFs

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12
Q

what does erythropoeitindo

A

growth factor binding to progenitors cell surface receptors and ordering them to specialise into erythrocyte

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13
Q

what do myeloid colon stimulating factors do?

A

bind to receptors to cause proliferation

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14
Q

what does mcsf stand for

A

myeloid colony stimulating factor

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15
Q

where are Tcell, Nk cell, B cell made

A

thymus—>finish dev in bine marriw, bine marrow, bone marriw

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16
Q

what does nk cell do

A

kill cancerous cells

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17
Q

analogy for differentiation from progenito

A

does not simply convert from progenitor into differentiated cell
have intermediate and late versions of partially diffentiated cells
these cells end inblast eg erythroblast

BUS STOP Aanalogy
myeloid progenitor, blast cells, specialised cell

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18
Q

blast prefix

A

a not fully mature cell which is differentiating

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19
Q

consequence if deficient in iron, folate or b12

A

anema

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20
Q

anemia

A

not enough rbc

or

not enough healthy rbc

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21
Q

microcytosis

smal rbc

A

nor enough Iron

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22
Q

macrocytosis

A

not enough folate or vitb12
no dna can be made
clel keeps on growign but cannot replicate

big rbc

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23
Q

what is thyamine needed for

A

alt name for vit b

dna synth

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24
Q

what regukates haematopoesis

A

growht factir, vitb, folate, ioron, env

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25
what happens between oxygen and growth factor in erythropoesis
hypoxia , more griwth factor, more erythropoesis | huperoxia, less gorwth factor, less erythropoeisis
26
name of gf in erythropoesisi
erythropeotin
27
sources of iron, frrous and ferric
ferrous - meat ferric - soy beans animals do it begger
28
erythroblast
a stem cell which will differentiate into a rbc, but not yet
29
how is iron absorption regulated
hepcidin
30
what is hepcidin
a hormon
31
what happens to iron absorptin when erythropoesis increases
increases
32
2 uses of vitb12
dna synth | rbc synth
33
why is vit b needed for rbc priduction
needed to make dna so erythroblast can oroliferate note rbc has no dna but erythroblast does
34
why is iron needed for rbc
acts as central metal ion in complex and accepts ligans so can upload and deload o2
35
how can inflammation cause anemia
``` inflammation cytokines more hepcidin less iron absorption fewer rbc ```
36
cells releasing cytokines
Tccell, nk cell
37
4things for erythropeosis
vitb12,9 iron, gf
38
sources of iron
red meat
39
sources of vit b
ousters and clams and shell fish
40
sources of folic scid
fruit
41
how is vitb12 absorbed
merges with intrinsic factor and crosses the small intestin
42
vit b def causes
anemia
43
iron uses
make rbc | ake mitochondiral protiens
44
folic acid
vit b12 or protonated form of folate
45
rbc lifespan
after 120 days
46
rbc catabolism
bd into haem and iron and globin haem into bilirubin in kiver iron into bm for more rbc globin into aa into bm for more rbc
47
bilirubin colour.
yellow
48
helcidin
inhibits ferroportin and iron absorption
49
why is rbc biconcave
aleve, lie so can travek through blood capillaaries more easiliy and release o2 better
50
blood group
``` refers to membrane protiens and if they are present or not a b c d +- ```
51
rbc disease we must know
hereditary spherocytosis
52
hereditary spherocytosis
genetic condition where the linkages between surface orotiens are broken so membrane integrity decreases thereofre rbc no longer biconcave but spherical
53
what does rbc delend on for function
``` haemoglobin (transport o2, sickle cell) membrane integrity (hereidatry spherocytosis) cell mer, atp (membrane poteintia, and at) ```
54
how does body respond to hypoxia
more growth factors | elevated ahematopoesis
55
what is haematolysis
destruction of rbc
56
what occurs in spleen and liver
haematolysis
57
what do rbc diseases such as sca or hs result in?
increased haematolysis
58
why might a spleen be removed
excessive haematolysis in case of disease such as sca and need to keep rbc
59
iron defiicency sign
hypochromia
60
what does G6PDD mean
glucose six phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
61
what dies g6 phosphate dehydrogenase nromally do
oxidises glucose six phosphate, producing some nadh
62
why is nadph important in rbc
used to make a chemical called reduced glutothionine, which mops up oxidative free radicles
63
what haplens if there is no glutothianine in the rbc
oxidative free radicle make rbc be oxidised and destriyed
64
G6PDD pathology basic
not enoguh NADPH by dehydrogenatinf D6PD | not enough redgkutothiamine to save rbc from free radicle
65
symptom of G6PDD
too much rbc breakdown causes jaundice
66
why does rbc need atp, any cell actually
at of ions in and out of membranes to maintain appropoate concs to prevent death by osmosis
67
what converts Fe3plus into Fe2plus
something with an electron- vit C
68
what does vit c do
hydroxylation of collagen | reduce fe3+
69
why does a not acidic stomach cause vitb12 def
acid separates vitb from rest of food molecules so it can bind to intrinsic factor
70
what is a gscf
granulocyte colony stimulating factir a growth factor
71
which stem cells can self renew
HSCs other cels such as myeloid progenitor cells are too fare down differentiation oine ot reniew

Haemotocytes (6 decks)

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