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Hematology 1 > RBC Anomalies > Flashcards

RBC Anomalies Flashcards

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1
Q

Basis of morphological classification of anemia

A

MCV and MCHC

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2
Q

Identify the anemia:

Aplastic Anemia

A

Normocytic, normochromic with normal or decreased Reticulocyte count

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3
Q

Drug most frequently implicated in acquired aplastic anemia

A

Chloramphenicol

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4
Q

Identify the anemia:

Renal Disease

A

Normocytic, normochromic with normal or decreased Reticulocyte count

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5
Q

Most common of the inherited aplastic anemias

A

Fanconi Anemia

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6
Q

Identify the anemia:

G6PD deficiency

A

Normocytic, normochromic with high reticulocyte count

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7
Q

Classical symptoms associated with anemia

A

Fatigue and shortness of breath

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8
Q

Patients who experience pagophagia are usually associated with this type of anemia

A

Iron Deficiency Anemia

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9
Q

Patients with tachycardia may experience a rapid fall in _ concentration

A

Hemoglobin

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10
Q

Hemoglobin concentration of 7-10g/dL

A

Moderate Anemia

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11
Q

Hemoglobin concentration of <7g/dL

A

Sever Anemia

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12
Q

Tissue hypoxia triggers an (increased/decreased) 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate

A

Increased

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13
Q

The patient is found to be anemic. What is the next test that should be done?

A

Reticulocyte count

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14
Q

Microcytosis histogram

A

Shift to the left

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15
Q

Macrocytosis histogram

A

Shift to the right

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16
Q

Coefficient of variation of RBC volume expressed as a percentage

A

Red cell Distribution Width

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17
Q

Adult reference interval for the reticulocyte count

A

0.5.-2.5%

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18
Q

Newborn reference interval for the reticulocyte count

A

1.5-6%

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19
Q

MCV 53fL

RBC diameter: 5um

A

Microcytic anemia

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20
Q

Most common form of microcytic anemia

A

Iron Deficiency Anemia

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21
Q

Small cells with increased central pallor

A

Microcytic, hypochromic anemia

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22
Q

Associated conditions with Microcytic, Hypochromic anemia

A

TAILS

  1. Thalassemia
  2. Anemia of Chronic Inflammation
  3. Iron Deficiency Anemia
  4. Lead poisoning
  5. Sideroblastic anemia
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23
Q

Most common anemia among hospitalized patients

A

Anemia of chronic inflammation

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24
Q

Central feature of anemia of chronic inflammation

A

Sideropenia (low serum iron despite abundant iron body stores)

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25
Anemia wherein incorporation of iron into porphyrin is prevented
Sideroblastic anemia (Iron: "Sider")
26
Nucleated RBC precursor with cytoplasmic iron granules a. Sideroblast b. Siderocyte
Sideroblast
27
Anucleated RBC precursor with iron granules a. Sideroblast b. Siderocyte
Siderocyte
28
Anemia wherein iron is trapped in the mitochondria
Sideroblastic anemia
29
Hallmark of sideroblastic anemia
Ring sideroblasts (mitochondria loaded with iron)
30
Liver disease Chronic alcoholism Bone marrow failure
Macrocytic, normochromic nonmegaloblastic anemia
31
Pernicious anemia may cause deficiency in _
Vitamin B12
32
Characterized by the presence of antibodies in the parietal cells of the stomach and destroys the intrinsic factor
Pernicious anemia
33
Competition with this parasite may decrease Vitamin B12 absorption
D. latum
34
Infection of this parasite may decrease the intrinsic factor of the parietal cells in the stomach
H. pylori
35
It is the root cause of megaloblastic anemia
Impaired DNA Synthesis
36
Hypersegmentation of neutrophils (>6) is typically found in what anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
37
Macrocytic, normochromic anemia
Megaloblastic anemia and non-megaloblastic anemia
38
The characteristic shape of macrocytes in non-megaloblastic anemia
Round
39
The characteristic shape of macrocytes in megaloblastic anemia
Oval
40
Vitamin B12 is only obtained from
Animal sources
41
Three types of anemia based on the morphologic classification
1. Normocytic, normochromic 2. Microcytic, hypochromic 3. Macrocytic, normochromic
42
Normocytic, normochromic anemias with normal or decreased reticulocyte count
1. Aplastic anemia | 2. Renal Disease
43
Donath-Landsteiner Hemolytic Anemia may also be called as
Paroxysmal cold Hemoglobinuria
44
Type of anemia in 1. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 2. Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria 3. Sickle Cell 4. G6PD and PK deficiency 5. Other hemolytic anemias
Normocytic, normochromic with increased reticulocyte count Why? Extravascular/ Intravascular hemolysis is high in these conditions
45
Why is renal disease classified as normocytic, normochromic anemia with normal or reduced reticulocyte count?
Kidneys will not be able to produce EPO that will promote erythropoiesis
46
Impaired production of heme
Porphyrias
47
Lead poisoning is an example of what heme disorder
Acquired porphyria
48
Congenital Erythropoietic porphyria is deficient with what particular enzyme?
Uroporphyrinogen III synthase
49
The deficient enzyme in erythropoietic protoporphyria
Ferrochelatase
50
A gain of function of the ALA-synthase 2 enzyme may lead to
X-linked Erythropoietic Protoporphyria
51
A primary cause of porphyrias
Deficiencies in the heme biosynthetic pathway
52
Deposition of accumulated products in impaired heme synthesis may lead to
Photosensitivity
53
It is due to the differences in the arrangement of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
Hemoglobinopathies
54
Most common hemoglobinopathies
Beta-hemoglobinopathies
55
Two types of beta-hemoglobinopathies
1. Homozygous beta-hemoglobinopathies | 2. Heterozygous beta-hemoglobinopathies
56
Type of hemoglobinopathy where both beta genes are mutated
Homozygous beta-hemoglobinopathies
57
Genotype of Sickle cell disease
Hb SS
58
Genotype of Hb C disease
Hb CC
59
Genotype of Sickle cell trait
Hb AS
60
Genotype of Hb C trait
Hb AC
61
Identify the hemoglobinopathy: 6GLU-->VAL
Hb S
62
Identify the hemoglobinopathy: 6GLU-->LYS
Hb C
63
Identify the hemoglobinopathy: 26GLU-->LYS
Hb E
64
Hb M-Saskatoon, Hb M-Milwauee-1, Hb M-Milwaukee-2
M Hemoglobins (Associated with Methemoglobinemia and Cyanosis)
65
Hemoglobinopathies associated with Increased Oxygen affinity
Hiroshima, Rainier, Bethesda
66
Hemoglobinopathies associated with Decreased Oxygen affinity
Agenogi, Beth Israel, Yoshizuka
67
When does sickling happen in patients with sickle cell anemia?
After oxygen is released from the RBC
68
Difference of sickle cell trait and sickle cell disease
Disease: Copy of 2 altered hemoglobin (SS) Train: Copy of 1 altered hemoglobin (AS)
69
Patients with sickle cell are resistant to what type of parasite?
P. vivax
70
Primary screening test to detect variant hemoglobins
Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis
71
Confirmatory test for Hb S
Citrate Agar Electropheresis
72
Screening tests for Hemoglobin S
1. Sodium metabisulfite 2. Sodium dithionate tube test 3. Cellulose Acetate
73
Two crystals related to Hb C
Hb SC crystals & Hb CC crystals
74
Characteristic of crystals in Hb SC
Washington Monument in the periphery
75
Characteristic of crystals in Hb CC
Bars of gold within the membrane

Hematology 1 (13 decks)

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