Readings

Question 1

Irwin: Integrating Information across Saccadic Eye movements

Answer 1

Q: Do we integrate or combine transsaccadic eye movement to explain the continuity and stability of visual perception

Results: disproved hypothesis that TSM combines info from successive eye fixations because people didn’t remember anything between targets

object file theory of tsm: features in display are represented in the visual feature maps that register the presence of various sensory features in the display

Conclusion: we don’t perceive a stable world, we assume that it is, and only notice that it isnt for items we paid close attention to.

Question 2

Groopman: The Eye of The Beholder

Answer 2

-error search satisfaction/perfection –>
Radiologists only looked for specific things in patients and once they found something wrong they didn’t look further

Conclusion: People are looking for what they expect to see.
when they were given computer aid, they were given backup–> more likely not to miss anything

Question 3

Yeshurun & Carrasco: Attention Improves or Impairs Performance by Enhancing Spatial Resolution

Answer 3

Q: Does attention improve or impair spatial resolution
Significance: gives us a model –> attention v. perception and how they affect ea other
Method: Texture mismatch/segregation task
cues work by improving visual acuity
i.e- noticing texture (high-spatial resolution)
Results: harder to detect pattern up front/close; best performance when near periphery
Conclusion: Attention enhances spatial resolution; it will improve performance when resolution is low BUT will impair it when resolution is too high

Result: if attention can enhance spatial resolution, it will improve performance when resolution is low BUT will impair it when resolution is too high

Question 4

Gawande: The CPU and Hernia Factory

Answer 4

-Computers outperform experts on some tasks specifically perceiving and processing info
-people do best when they are highly automated like a cpu
Conclusion: the more you automate the task, the less mental resource is required

Question 5

Tversky: Distortions in Cognitive Maps

Answer 5

Q: Do we represent space with cognitive maps? –> yes and no.
model: representations of space
hierarchical structures/ perspective/reference points

Results:spatial cognition= result of lived experience + memory

Question 6

Simon & Wang: Perceiving Real World Viewpoint Changes

Answer 6

Q: Does scene recognition in the real world depend on more than the retinal projection of the visible array?
How do people build up spatial representations?

Method Results:
-moving table decreases memory 25-30% while walking to new position doesn’t even when table moves with

Conclusions:
the way we 1st encounter a spatial layout may not be the way we later encounter it
1. Retinal image is NOT important
–> you can recognize a layout when you see it from a different angle
2. memory for locations are tied to motor control –> we update locations of objects based on our movements
3. memory of spatial layouts= viewpoint-dependent

Significance: possible distortion between orientation and viewpoint change has little effect on detection of layout changes, BUT equivalent orientation changes disrupt performance significantly

Question 7

Sacks: The Abyss

Answer 7

Herpes Encephalitis (Brain infection) –> Retrograde Amnesia

1-2 min of new memory