Reagents Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
NaOCl aka
A
sodium hypochlorite, aka bleach when in water
2
Q
What is NaOCl
A
mild oxidizing agent (forms ketone)
3
Q
in lab 1 (oxidation of unknown OH) , NaOcl and acetic acid will form __ which is a ____ ____
A
hypochlorous acid, oxidizing agent
4
Q
HOCl aka
A
hypochlorous acid
5
Q
in lab 1(oxidation of unknown OH) , if the KI paper was blue then __ was present
A
excess hypochlorous acid
6
Q
in lab 1(oxidation of unknown OH) , what was the quenching reagent
A
sodium bisulfate
7
Q
NaHSO3 aka
A
sodium bisulfate (quenching reagent)
8
Q
in lab 1(oxidation of unknown OH) , how can you tell if the reaction was quenched
A
the KI starch paper was white
9
Q
what is quenching
A
forcing any residual oxidizer to react, will stop a reaction
10
Q
in lab 1(oxidation of unknown OH) , how was the product extracted
A
with methylene chloride
11
Q
is methylene chloride more or less dense than water and found on bottom or top
A
more dense, found on bottom
12
Q
in lab 1(oxidation of unknown OH) , after the reaction was quenched, how was it baseified
A
using NaOH (allowed to be water soluble and keep product unionized)
13
Q
washing with brine does what
A
remove excess water
14
Q
in lab 1(oxidation of unknown OH) , the drying agent was
A
magnesium sulfate
15
Q
MgSO4
A
magnesium sulfate (drying agent)
16
Q
in lab 1(oxidation of unknown OH) , oxidation of an unknown alcohol, what was important for IR/HNMR
A
OH stretch changed to C=O stretch.
17
Q
what are the three main steps for almost every extraction
A
- extract into the solvent
- dry (decant, gravity filter)
- rotovap
18
Q
in lab 1(oxidation of unknown OH) , what was the solvent
A
Acetic acid
19
Q
CH3COOH aka
A
acetic acid
20
Q
in lab 2 (carvone to carvacrol) , a ___ compound was changed to ___ using ____
A
chiral to achiral, acid catalyzed elimination
21
Q
in lab 2 (carvone to carvacrol) , what was the catalyst AND solvent
A
sulfuric acid
22
Q
H2SO4
A
sulfuric acid
23
Q
can a 3° alcohol be oxidized?
A
no
24
Q
in lab 2 (carvone to carvacrol) , what are the steps of the mechanism
A
tautomerization to form enos, carbocation rearrangement (aromatic driven)
25
in lab 2 (carvone to carvacrol) , what was the product extracted into
diethyl ether
26
C4H10O
diethyl ether
27
in lab 2 (carvone to carvacrol) , what was used to baseify the reaction
sodium bicarbonate
28
NaHCO3
sodium bicarbonate
29
in lab 2 (carvone to carvacrol) , why was sodium bicarbonate used
to neutralize the acid
30
in lab 2 (carvone to carvacrol) , the drying agent was
sodium sulfate
31
Na2SO4
sodium sulfate
32
in lab 2 (carvone to carvacrol) , the important part of charcterization was the ___ and
C=O changing to OH stretch and new aromatic peaks
33
in lab 3(Williamson ether), what was combined to form an ether
alcohol and alkyl halide
34
what did the microwave do for all the experiments it was used in
sped up the reaction due to constant temp and pressure without losing solvent
35
in lab 3, what kind of mechanism happened (Williamson ether)
SN2
36
in lab3, what were the catlyst
KOH and TBAB
37
what kind of catalyst is TBAB
phase transfer
38
what does TBAB mean
tetra-n-butylammonium bromide
39
in lab 2 (carvone to carvacrol) , what proceed was used
reflux
40
in lab 3 (Williamson ether) , what was the product extracted into
diethyl ether
41
in lab 3 (Williamson ether) , what wash was used and why
KOH (potassium hydroxide) to remove impurities
42
in lab 3 (Williamson ether) , what was used to dry the solution
sodium sulfate
43
in lab 3 (Williamson ether) , how was the product purified
column chromatography
44
what is column chromatography
3D qualitative test w mobile (DCM, less polar) and stationary phase (silicia gel, polar)
45
in column chromatography where did the product stay
in the mobile (DCM, less polar phase)
46
in lab 3 (Williamson ether) characterization, what was important
no more OH stitch, C-O-C ether stretch new
47
how do you calculate retention factor
Rf=distance origin to spot/ distance origin to solvent front
48
in lab 4, (acid-base ring opening)nucleophile in acid attacks _____ sub and base ____ sub
more, least
49
in lab 4,(acid-base ring opening) the reaction always gives ____ products
anti
50
in lab 4, (acid-base ring opening) what was the catalyst (acid)
H2SO4
51
in lab 4, (acid-base ring opening) what was the solvent, (acid)
methanol
52
in lab 4, (acid-base ring opening) in the basic experiment, what was special about the second step of the reaction
NH4Cl ammonium chloride was needed for a workup (if H+ was used then the ether would cleave in acidic)
53
in lab 4, (acid-base ring opening) what was the catalyst (base)
sodium methoxide NaOCH3
54
in lab 4, (acid-base ring opening) how was procedure done
liquid liquid extraction
55
in lab 4 (acid-base ring opening) acidic cond. what was used to wash
sodium bicarbonate (neutralize)
56
in lab 4 (acid-base ring opening) basic cond. what was used to wash
ammonium chloride (neutralize)
57
in lab 4, (acid-base ring opening) what was the drying agent
magnesium sulfate
58
what does a longer retention time mean?
it is more polar
59
what was used for characterization in lab 4 (acid-base ring opening)
gas chromatography
60
how do you find the % product given gas chromatography?
% product = A1/A1+A2 (A=area)
61
in lab 5, (fischer esterification) an ester was made from ___ and ___
alcohol and carboxylic acid
62
in lab 5 what was the catalyst (fischer esterification)
sulfuric acid
63
in lab 5 (fischer esterification) what was the solvent
acetic acid
64
in lab 5 (fischer esterification) why is the unknown alcohol in excess?
to drive reaction toward product (le chat)
65
what is special about fischer reactions
microscope reversibility
66
what produce was used in lab 5 (fischer esterification)
microwave, liquid/liquid
67
in lab 5 (fischer esterification) , the product separated when ___ was added
water
68
in lab 5 (fischer esterification) , what was used to wash the product
sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) (used to neutralize)
69
what caused the bubbles to form in lab 5 (fischer esterification) and what are the bubbles
sodium bicarbonate cause them and it was CO2
70
what was the drying agent in lab 5 (fischer esterification)
sodium sulfate
71
what was notable about characterization in lab 5 (fischer esterification)
COOH change to COC
72
in lab 6 (amide synthesis), what was used to form amide
reactive carboxylic acid (acetic anhydride) and amine
73
in lab 6 (amide synthesis), why was acid halide not used
its moisture reactive
74
in lab 6 (amide synthesis), why was Al2O3 used
allowed to not use AH and still get amide
75
Al2O3 is
aluminum oxide
76
in lab 6 (amide synthesis), the catalyst is
aluminum oxide
77
in lab 6 (amide synthesis), the solvent is
acetic anhydride
78
in lab 6 (amide synthesis), the product was extracted using
ethyl acetate
79
in lab 6 (amide synthesis), what was important about characterization
C-O-C stretch changed to N-H
80
what changes the melting point and how
impurities, broaden and lower the range
81
in lab 7, (reduction of ketone/aldehyde), what was the reducing agent
sodium borohyride NaBH4
82
NaBH4 aka and is a ___
sodium borohydride, mild reducing agent
83
in lab 7, (reduction of ketone/aldehyde), the solvent was
ethanol
84
in lab 7, (reduction of ketone/aldehyde), what was used to extract product
methylene chloride (bottom of funnel)
85
in lab 7, (reduction of ketone/aldehyde), what was the drying agent
magnesium sulfate
86
in lab 7, (reduction of ketone/aldehyde), what was important about characterization
C=O to OH stretch
87
in lab 8 (wittig reaction), what forms
c=c
88
in lab 8 (wittig reaction), what was the solvent
methylene chloride
89
in lab 8 (wittig reaction), what was used for baseification
sodium hydroxide NaOH
90
in lab 8 (wittig reaction), the aldehyde is __ and the pph3 is ___
hydrophobic, hydrophilic
91
in lab 8 (wittig reaction), the ___ product will be formed
Z product
92
in lab 8 (wittig reaction), to make a ylide it is a ___ reaction
SN2
93
in lab 8 (wittig reaction), what was used for procedure
liquid/liquid, simple distillation
94
what is simple distillation
used when there is >100°C difference in boiling points to remove miscible liquid (DCM)
95
in lab 8 (wittig reaction), what was the final step of procedure
recrystallization with 1-propanol
96
in lab 8 (wittig reaction), what was important about characterization
C=O to C=C stretch
97
in lab 9 (aldol condensation), what was formed
alpha-beta unsaturated compound
98
in lab 9 (aldol condensation), why was that type of product formed
conjugation driven
99
in lab 9 (aldol condensation), what was the solvent
ethanol
100
in lab 9 (aldol condensation), what was added dropwise
sodium hydroxide
101
in lab 9 (aldol condensation), what is formed in the reaction mechanism as an intermediate
enolate
102
in lab 9 (aldol condensation), when crystals were collected what were they washed with and why
water, neutralize excess sodium hydroxide
103
in lab 9 (aldol condensation), how did you check for neutralization
pH strip
104
in lab 9 (aldol condensation), what was final step of procedure
recrystallization with ethanol
105
in lab 9 (aldol condensation), what was notable about characterization
sp3 CH changed to sp2 CH
106
in lab 10 (friedel-crafts alkylation), what was solvent
acetic acid
107
in lab 10 (friedel-crafts alkylation), what was catalyst
sulfuric acid
108
in lab 10 (friedel-crafts alkylation), what type of product formed
dialkylated ortho compound
109
in lab 10 (friedel-crafts alkylation), where was the electrophile generated
in situ (in solution)
110
in lab 10 (friedel-crafts alkylation), how does benzene reform aromaticity
E1 elim.
111
in lab 10 (friedel-crafts alkylation), what was used to quench
ice cold water
112
in lab 10 (friedel-crafts alkylation), what was used for recrystallization
methanol
113
in lab 10 (friedel-crafts alkylation), what was important about characterization
arene peaks in product, double the signals hnmr
114
