Reagents COPY Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
What is NaOCl
A
mild oxidizing agent (forms ketone)
2
Q
in lab 1 (oxidation of unknown OH) , NaOcl and acetic acid will form __ which is a ____ ____
A
hypochlorous acid, oxidizing agent
3
Q
HOCl aka
A
hypochlorous acid
4
Q
in lab 1(oxidation of unknown OH) , if the KI paper was blue then __ was present
A
excess hypochlorous acid
5
Q
in lab 1(oxidation of unknown OH) , what was the quenching reagent
A
sodium bisulfate
6
Q
NaHSO3 aka
A
sodium bisulfate (quenching reagent)
7
Q
in lab 1(oxidation of unknown OH) , how can you tell if the reaction was quenched
A
the KI starch paper was white
8
Q
what is quenching
A
forcing any residual oxidizer to react, will stop a reaction
9
Q
in lab 1(oxidation of unknown OH) , how was the product extracted
A
with methylene chloride
10
Q
is methylene chloride more or less dense than water and found on bottom or top
A
more dense, found on bottom
11
Q
in lab 1(oxidation of unknown OH) , after the reaction was quenched, how was it baseified
A
using NaOH (allowed to be water soluble and keep product unionized)
12
Q
washing with brine does what
A
remove excess water
13
Q
in lab 1(oxidation of unknown OH) , the drying agent was
A
magnesium sulfate
14
Q
MgSO4
A
magnesium sulfate (drying agent)
15
Q
in lab 1(oxidation of unknown OH) , oxidation of an unknown alcohol, what was important for IR/HNMR
A
OH stretch changed to C=O stretch.
16
Q
what are the three main steps for almost every extraction
A
- extract into the solvent
- dry (decant, gravity filter)
- rotovap
17
Q
in lab 1(oxidation of unknown OH) , what was the solvent
A
Acetic acid
18
Q
CH3COOH aka
A
acetic acid
19
Q
in lab 2 (carvone to carvacrol) , a ___ compound was changed to ___ using ____
A
chiral to achiral, acid catalyzed elimination
20
Q
in lab 2 (carvone to carvacrol) , what was the catalyst AND solvent
A
sulfuric acid
21
Q
H2SO4
A
sulfuric acid
22
Q
can a 3° alcohol be oxidized?
A
no
23
Q
in lab 2 (carvone to carvacrol) , what are the steps of the mechanism
A
tautomerization to form enos, carbocation rearrangement (aromatic driven)
24
Q
in lab 2 (carvone to carvacrol) , what was the product extracted into
A
diethyl ether
25
C4H10O
diethyl ether
26
in lab 2 (carvone to carvacrol) , what was used to baseify the reaction
sodium bicarbonate
27
NaHCO3
sodium bicarbonate
28
in lab 2 (carvone to carvacrol) , why was sodium bicarbonate used
to neutralize the acid
29
in lab 2 (carvone to carvacrol) , the drying agent was
sodium sulfate
30
Na2SO4
sodium sulfate
31
in lab 2 (carvone to carvacrol) , the important part of charcterization was the ___ and
C=O changing to OH stretch and new aromatic peaks
32
in lab 3(Williamson ether), what was combined to form an ether
alcohol and alkyl halide
33
what did the microwave do for all the experiments it was used in
sped up the reaction due to constant temp and pressure without losing solvent
34
in lab 3, what kind of mechanism happened (Williamson ether)
SN2
35
in lab3, what were the catlyst
KOH and TBAB
36
what kind of catalyst is TBAB
phase transfer
37
what does TBAB mean
tetra-n-butylammonium bromide
38
in lab 2 (carvone to carvacrol) , what proceed was used
reflux
39
in lab 3 (Williamson ether) , what was the product extracted into
diethyl ether
40
in lab 3 (Williamson ether) , what wash was used and why
KOH (potassium hydroxide) to remove impurities
41
in lab 3 (Williamson ether) , what was used to dry the solution
sodium sulfate
42
in lab 3 (Williamson ether) , how was the product purified
column chromatography
43
what is column chromatography
3D qualitative test w mobile (DCM, less polar) and stationary phase (silicia gel, polar)
44
in column chromatography where did the product stay
in the mobile (DCM, less polar phase)
45
in lab 3 (Williamson ether) characterization, what was important
no more OH stitch, C-O-C ether stretch new
46
how do you calculate retention factor
Rf=distance origin to spot/ distance origin to solvent front
47
in lab 4, (acid-base ring opening)nucleophile in acid attacks _____ sub and base ____ sub
more, least
48
in lab 4,(acid-base ring opening) the reaction always gives ____ products
anti
49
in lab 4, (acid-base ring opening) what was the catalyst (acid)
H2SO4
50
in lab 4, (acid-base ring opening) what was the solvent, (acid)
methanol
51
in lab 4, (acid-base ring opening) in the basic experiment, what was special about the second step of the reaction
NH4Cl ammonium chloride was needed for a workup (if H+ was used then the ether would cleave in acidic)
52
in lab 4, (acid-base ring opening) what was the catalyst (base)
sodium methoxide NaOCH3
53
in lab 4, (acid-base ring opening) how was procedure done
liquid liquid extraction
54
in lab 4 (acid-base ring opening) acidic cond. what was used to wash
sodium bicarbonate (neutralize)
55
in lab 4 (acid-base ring opening) basic cond. what was used to wash
ammonium chloride (neutralize)
56
in lab 4, (acid-base ring opening) what was the drying agent
magnesium sulfate
57
what does a longer retention time mean?
it is more polar
58
what was used for characterization in lab 4 (acid-base ring opening)
gas chromatography
59
how do you find the % product given gas chromatography?
% product = A1/A1+A2 (A=area)
60
in lab 5, (fischer esterification) an ester was made from ___ and ___
alcohol and carboxylic acid
61
in lab 5 what was the catalyst (fischer esterification)
sulfuric acid
62
in lab 5 (fischer esterification) what was the solvent
acetic acid
63
in lab 5 (fischer esterification) why is the unknown alcohol in excess?
to drive reaction toward product (le chat)
64
what is special about fischer reactions
microscope reversibility
65
what produce was used in lab 5 (fischer esterification)
microwave, liquid/liquid
66
in lab 5 (fischer esterification) , the product separated when ___ was added
water
67
in lab 5 (fischer esterification) , what was used to wash the product
sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) (used to neutralize)
68
what caused the bubbles to form in lab 5 (fischer esterification) and what are the bubbles
sodium bicarbonate cause them and it was CO2
69
what was the drying agent in lab 5 (fischer esterification)
sodium sulfate
70
what was notable about characterization in lab 5 (fischer esterification)
COOH change to COC
71
in lab 6 (amide synthesis), what was used to form amide
reactive carboxylic acid (acetic anhydride) and amine
72
in lab 6 (amide synthesis), why was acid halide not used
its moisture reactive
73
in lab 6 (amide synthesis), why was Al2O3 used
allowed to not use AH and still get amide
74
Al2O3 is
aluminum oxide
75
in lab 6 (amide synthesis), the catalyst is
aluminum oxide
76
in lab 6 (amide synthesis), the solvent is
acetic anhydride
77
in lab 6 (amide synthesis), the product was extracted using
ethyl acetate
78
in lab 6 (amide synthesis), what was important about characterization
C-O-C stretch changed to N-H
79
what changes the melting point and how
impurities, broaden and lower the range
80
in lab 7, (reduction of ketone/aldehyde), what was the reducing agent
sodium borohyride NaBH4
81
NaBH4 aka and is a ___
sodium borohydride, mild reducing agent
82
in lab 7, (reduction of ketone/aldehyde), the solvent was
ethanol
83
in lab 7, (reduction of ketone/aldehyde), what was used to extract product
methylene chloride (bottom of funnel)
84
in lab 7, (reduction of ketone/aldehyde), what was the drying agent
magnesium sulfate
85
in lab 7, (reduction of ketone/aldehyde), what was important about characterization
C=O to OH stretch
86
in lab 8 (wittig reaction), what forms
c=c
87
in lab 8 (wittig reaction), what was the solvent
methylene chloride
88
in lab 8 (wittig reaction), what was used for baseification
sodium hydroxide NaOH
89
in lab 8 (wittig reaction), the aldehyde is __ and the pph3 is ___
hydrophobic, hydrophilic
90
in lab 8 (wittig reaction), the ___ product will be formed
Z product
91
in lab 8 (wittig reaction), to make a ylide it is a ___ reaction
SN2
92
in lab 8 (wittig reaction), what was used for procedure
liquid/liquid, simple distillation
93
what is simple distillation
used when there is >100°C difference in boiling points to remove miscible liquid (DCM)
94
in lab 8 (wittig reaction), what was the final step of procedure
recrystallization with 1-propanol
95
in lab 8 (wittig reaction), what was important about characterization
C=O to C=C stretch
96
in lab 9 (aldol condensation), what was formed
alpha-beta unsaturated compound
97
in lab 9 (aldol condensation), why was that type of product formed
conjugation driven
98
in lab 9 (aldol condensation), what was the solvent
ethanol
99
in lab 9 (aldol condensation), what was added dropwise
sodium hydroxide
100
in lab 9 (aldol condensation), what is formed in the reaction mechanism as an intermediate
enolate
101
in lab 9 (aldol condensation), when crystals were collected what were they washed with and why
water, neutralize excess sodium hydroxide
102
in lab 9 (aldol condensation), how did you check for neutralization
pH strip
103
in lab 9 (aldol condensation), what was final step of procedure
recrystallization with ethanol
104
in lab 9 (aldol condensation), what was notable about characterization
sp3 CH changed to sp2 CH
105
in lab 10 (friedel-crafts alkylation), what was solvent
acetic acid
106
in lab 10 (friedel-crafts alkylation), what was catalyst
sulfuric acid
107
in lab 10 (friedel-crafts alkylation), what type of product formed
dialkylated ortho compound
108
in lab 10 (friedel-crafts alkylation), where was the electrophile generated
in situ (in solution)
109
in lab 10 (friedel-crafts alkylation), how does benzene reform aromaticity
E1 elim.
110
in lab 10 (friedel-crafts alkylation), what was used to quench
ice cold water
111
in lab 10 (friedel-crafts alkylation), what was used for recrystallization
methanol
112
in lab 10 (friedel-crafts alkylation), what was important about characterization
arene peaks in product, double the signals hnmr
113
