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Clinical Chemistry > Reagents and Solutions > Flashcards

Reagents and Solutions Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Process of water purification that meets specification for type I water

A

Deionization

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2
Q

Measured directly to produce a substance of exact known concentration and purity

A

Primary Standard

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3
Q

Type I reagent water is used for preparation of:

A 
Standard solutions
Buffers
Controls
Quantitative analytical procedures
Electrophoresis 
Toxicology screening test
HPLC
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5
Q

Solution property that is labile

A

Saturation

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6
Q

Type II reagent water is used for

A 
Qualitative chemistry procedures
Hematology
Immunology
Microbiology
General laboratory test
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7
Q

Relationship of resistance and purity

A

Inverse

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9
Q

Deionization does not remove

A

Organic substances

Substances that do not ionize

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10
Q

Reverse osmosis does not remove

A

Gases

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11
Q

Blood plasma without clotting factors

A

Serum

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12
Q

Process of water purification that meets specifications for types II and III water

A

Distillation

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14
Q

Deionization removes

A

Ions

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15
Q

Reverse osmosis removes

A

90% of dissolved solids
98% of organic impurities
Insoluble matter
Microbiological organisms

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16
Q

Other process of water purification

A 
Ultrafiltration and nanofiltration
Ultraviolet oxidation
Sterilization
Ozone
Adsorption by activated charcoal, clay, silicate or metal oxide
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18
Q

Any substance employed to produce a chemical reaction

A

Reagent

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19
Q

Chemical grade used in the preparation of reagents

A

Analytical Reagent Grade

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20
Q

Chemical grade that focuses on effect on humans

A

US Pharamacopeia and National Formulary

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24
Q

Concentration expression not influenced by temperature or pressure

A

Molality

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25
Q

Greater concentration of undissolved solute particles

A

Supersaturated solution

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26
Q

Chemical grade used to manufacture drugs

A

US Pharmacopeia and National Formulary

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28
Q

Number of atoms/elements that can combine for a particular compound

A

Valence

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31
Q

Measure of how well electricity passes through a solution

A

Conductivity

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33
Q

Most pure reagent water

A

Type I Reagent Water

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35
Q

Type of reagent water that cannot be stored

A

Type I

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36
Q

Other term for solute

A

Analyte

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37
Component of blood that contains fibrinogen
Plasma
38
Distillation removes: _____ and _____
Minerals (Fe, Mg, Ca) | Microbiological organisms
39
Expression of hydrogen ion concentration
pH
40
Temperature at which flasks are calibrated
20 C
42
Reagent grade that does not state impurities
Chemically Pure Grade
43
Number of moles per liter of solution
Molarity
44
Other term for solvent
Biologic fluid
45
Relative amounts of substances in a solution
Concentration
46
Used in preparing dilutions made from concentrated acids
Specific gravity
47
Minimize changes in the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
Buffers
48
Correct concentration is ensured by ____ and _____.
Quantitative transfer | Accurate measurement
49
Process of water purification that passes water under pressure through a semipermeable membrane
Reverse osmosis
50
Oxidizing agents _____ electrons
Accept
51
Molality is
the amount of solute per 1 kg of solvent
52
Labels of reagent containers include: ____, _____, and _____.
Name and concentration of the reagent Date the reagent was prepared Initials of the person who prepared the reagent
53
When is normality used?
Chemical titrations | Chemical reagent classification
54
Other term for technical grade
Commercial grade
55
Expresses concentration when a liquid chemical is diluted with another liquid
Volume per Unit Volume
57
Weight dependent
Osmolality
59
Pressure at which the liquid solvent is in equilibrium with water vapor
Vapor pressure
60
Freezing point is
the temperature at which vapor pressures of the liquid and solid phases are the same
61
Buffers are
Weak acids or bases and their related salts
62
Effect of agitation by a stirring rod or swirling
Removes saturated solution from contact with chemical
63
Amount of matter per unit volume of a substance
Density
64
Hastens the dissolution of solid materials
Rapid addition of solvent
65
Measure of the resistance of a substance to the passage of electric current
Resistivity
66
Boiling point is
the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the solvent reaches 1 atmosphere
67
Donate electrons
Reducing agents
69
Increases solubility of chemicals
Heating
70
Reagent water stored in borosilicate glass or polyethylene bottles
Type II or III reagent water
71
Uses of Chemically Pure Grade Reagents
``` Chromatography Atomic absorption Immunoassay Molecular diagnostics Standardization ```
72
Type III reagent water is used for
General urinalysis Water source for preparation of types I and II Washing and rinsing of laboratory glassware
73
Used when a solid chemical is diluted in liquid
Weight per Unit Volume
75
Categories of Reagent Grade Water
``` Clinical laboratory reagent water Special reagent water Instrument feed water Water supplied by method manufacturer Autoclave and wash water Commercially bottled purified water ```
79
Tests for water quality
``` Microbial monitoring Resistivity pH Pyrogens Silica Organic contaminants ```
86
Uses of laboratory reagent water
Reagent and solution preparation Reconstitution of lyophilized materials Dilution of samples
90
Product of deionization, filtration, and adsorption
Type I water
93
Standard Reference Materials are used to ____ and _____.
Verify calibration | Assess accuracy/bias
94
Chemical grade used for industrial purposes
Technical Grade
100
Distillation does not remove
Volatile impurities (carbon dioxide, chlorine, ammonia)
118
Terms for water of highest purity
Nitrogen-free water Double distilled water Conductivity water

Clinical Chemistry (6 decks)

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