Specimen Collection and Handling

Question 0

Used to preserve CSF samples

Answer 0

Fluoride oxalate

Question 1

Withdraw needle if ____, _____, and _____.

Answer 1

Patient is experiencing excruciating pain
Hematoma begins to form
Patient begins to faint

Question 4

Why should testing of CSF not be delayed?

Answer 4

Cells are rapidly lysed

Glucose is rapidly destroyed

Question 5

CSF clots completely when

Answer 5

Spine is constricted

Question 6

Tests affected by age

Answer 6

Cholesterol
Urate
Alkaline phosphatase

Question 8

Pre-analytical factors

Answer 8

Physiological variables
Errors in specimen collection
Misidentification of samples

Question 10

Post-analytical factors

Answer 10

Communication
Technical errors
Post-examination labeling and identification

Question 11

Key issues in specimen collection

Answer 11

Consider differential diagnoses
Decide on tests to be conducted
Decide n clinical samples to be collected

Question 13

Set the standards of practice

Answer 13

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute

Question 15

Serum sample

Answer 15

Venous blood

Question 16

Temperature and time for clot retraction

Answer 16

4-8 C

At least 1-2 hours

Question 17

Purpose of collecting 24-hour urine specimen

Answer 17

Evaluation of kidney function

Question 18

Why should repeated freeze-thaw cycles be avoided?

Answer 18

This causes destruction of IgM.

Question 20

Screens substances which are indicators of kidney infection or other pathology

Answer 20

Random urine specimen

Question 21

How do we avoid hemolysis of blood?

Answer 21

Do not freeze unseparated blood.

Question 22

Content of case investigation forms

Answer 22

Patient information
Clinical information
Laboratory information
Line listing

Question 23

Tests affected by food intake

Answer 23

Glucose
Triglycerides
Phosphate

Question 24

Temperature requirement if serum sample is stored for weeks or months

Answer 24

-20 C

Question 26

Characteristic of purulent meningitis

Answer 26

Large clots

Question 27

Test tubes of fresh blood should be

Answer 27

Rinsed in cold water

Left to soak in detergent solution

Question 29

Tests affected by stress

Answer 29

Cortisol
Prolactin
Growth hormone
Catecholamines
Glucose

Question 31

Laboratory investigation standards

Answer 31

Advance planning
Collection of adequate and appropriate specimens
Sufficient documentation
Biosafety and decontamination
Correct packaging
Rapid transport
Choice of laboratory that can accurately perform the tests
Timely communication of results

Question 32

Test tubes of old blood should be

Answer 32

Filled with 10% solution of household bleach
Left for 12 hours
Rinsed and cleaned

Question 33

Affect triglycerides

Answer 33

Body mass

Question 34

Most concentrated sample for urine

Answer 34

Early morning urine specimen

Question 35

Temperature requirement for transport that lasts less than 10 days

Answer 35

4-8 C

Question 37

Test tubes of old blood kept for several days may contain

Answer 37

Microorganisms

Question 38

Effusion collection sites

Answer 38

``` Pleural cavity Peritoneal cavity Pericardial cavity Synovial joint Bursa ```

Question 39

Characteristic of tuberculous meningitis

Answer 39

Single or numerous fine clots

Question 40

Cerebrospinal fluid collection

Answer 40

Lumbar puncture Sterile tubes Aseptic conditions Trained person

Question 47

Patient Observations

Answer 47

``` Patient alertness Patient emotional and mental status IV lines Injuries Prior mastectomy Presence of edema Medications ```

Question 49

Tests affected by posture

Answer 49

Renin Aldosterone Plasma proteins

Question 53

Inherent on the methods of analysis

Answer 53

Analytical factors

Question 60

Tests affected by time

Answer 60

Cortisol (diurnal variation) Gonadotrophins (catamenial variation in women) 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (seasonal variation)

Question 66

Tests affected by sex

Answer 66

Gonadal steroids Gonadotrophins HDL cholesterol