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rome gcse (ocr) > Reasons for the Outbreak of the Second Punic War > Flashcards

Reasons for the Outbreak of the Second Punic War Flashcards

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1
Q

Carthage

A

One of most heavily fortified cities in the ancient world
Two harbours
North coast of Africa
Controlled large portion of the western mediterranean, inc. Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily

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2
Q

Two harbours of Carthage

A

Both heavily defended
One for trade
One for military – deterred invaders, made merchants feel safe

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3
Q

Rome, by 264 BC

A

Unified Italy under its control
Senate wanted to expand its trade into the Mediterranean
Paid, like most traders, for harbour dues to Carthage

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4
Q

What did the agreement signed in 348 say

A

That Rome had to pay harbour dues to Carthage

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5
Q

What lead to the First Punic War

A

Carthage defeated in Sicily
Rome saw opportunity to take control
Rome invaded Sicily, leading to First Punic War

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6
Q

What did harbour dues do

A

Helped maintain Carthage’s dominance over the Mediteranean

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7
Q

First Punic War

A

264 to 241
Rome’s fleet destroyed the Carthagian navy in the Battle of the Agates Islands

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8
Q

Treaty of Lutatius

Polybius’s terms

A

Agreed in 241 by Roman consul Gaius Lutatius Catulus and Gesco, deputy of Hamilcar Barca
Polybius
Carthage to
* Leave Sicily
* Hand over all POWs
* Pay 3,200 talents of silver over 20 years

In return
* Carthage keeps other overseas territories, inc. Sardinia and Corsica

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9
Q

Gaius Lutatius Catulus

A

Agreed to the Treaty of Lutatius

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10
Q

Gesco

A

Deputy of Hamilcar Barca, sent instead of the general as he refused to comprimise

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11
Q

Hamilcar barca

A

Carthagian General
Father of Hannibal
Huge influence on his son
Commanded Carthagian forces in the First Punic War, and started the conquest of Spain
Died in battle during the campaigns in Spain

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12
Q

Hamilcar Barca dates

A

c. 275-228

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13
Q

Truceless War

A

Revolt of Carthagian mercenaries in Africa, took 3 years to subdue

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14
Q

Why did the Truceless War start

A

Hanno the Great, a Carthagian politician, refused to pay the mercenaries after the loss of the First Punic War
Mercenaries decided to take control of African cities as revenge

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15
Q

Who ended the Truceless War

A

Hamilcar Barca

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16
Q

What did Rome do during the Truceless War

A

Took Sardinia and Corsica, taking advantage of Carthage’s problems

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17
Q

Result of Rome annexing Corsica and Sardinia

A

Hamilcar Barca and many other leaders saw this as an act of war, and argued Rome had broken the Treaty of Lutatius, because they had invaded Carthagian territory
Carthage was in no position to declare war on Rome or demand compensation
Polybius sees this as what lead to the Second Punic War

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18
Q

Barcids

A

Powerful Carthagian family
Nicknamed Barca, meaning thunderbolt, due to Hamilcar’s success in the First Punic War

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19
Q

Hamilcar Barca in the First Punic War

A

Sent to Sicily with no army, regrouped the Carthagian mercenaries and began to force Roman army off the island
Cathage’s defeat at the Aegates Islands in 241 cut off his supplies, and he was ordered to negotiate a truce with Rome
Refused, and sent his duputy, Gesco instead

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20
Q

According to Polybius what was one of the most significant factors in the starting of the Second Punic War?

A

The Treaty of Lutatius

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21
Q

Where did Hamilcar create a new Carthagian colony?

A

Iberia (modern Spain)

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21
Q

What did Hannibal promise to his father?

A

That he would destroy Rome.

22
Q

How did Hamilcar die?

A

Possibly from drowning.

23
Q

What were Hannibal’s dates?

A

247 BC - 183/181 BC

24
Q

Hannibal

A
  • Carthagian General
  • Considered one the the best militery leaders
  • Led Carthagian army against Rome
25
Q

Hasdrubal the Fair

A
  • Carthagian General
  • Succed Hamilcar in leading Spanish Campains
26
Q

Sources on Hannibal

A

Polybius and Livy

27
Q

Polybius

A

Lived through latter part of Punic Wars
Travelled extensively throughout Roman World
Believed good historians had travelled
Supported by Publis Scipio, son of Aemilius Paullus
Joined Sciopio Aemilianus in Spain, where he met Masinissa and other eye-witnesses
Favours aristocratic families and uses Hannibal’s invasion as a cautionary tale to his countrymen, the Greeks

28
Q

Why could Hamiclar Barca not have revenge after the First Punic War

A

His hands were tied with the Truceless War

29
Q

Carthagian war party

A

Polybius
Hamilcar Barca’s political supporters who wanted to reveive Carthage’s fortunes

30
Q

Hamilcar Barca’s opponents

A

Not concerned with loss overseas
Made fortunes from expanding into Africa

31
Q

Did Carthage probably control most of Iberia before the Punic Wars

A

Yes

32
Q

Why did Hamilcar Barca take a mercenary army to Iberia

Polybius

A

To strengthen Iberia and ready it for war

33
Q

Hamilcar in Iberia

A
  • Probably more interested in empire building than revenge
  • Established a military base on the site of the Phoenician colony of Gades, allowing him to expand into mainland Iberia
  • Seized silver mines of Andalusia to fund his military
  • established foundations of an empire that would provide Hannibal the means to attack Italy
34
Q

Who was the main cause of the Second Punic War according to Fabius Pictor

A

Hasdrubal the Fair

35
Q

Hasdrubal the Fair, according to Fabius Pictor

A

Gained power in Spain
Tried to establish a tyranny in Carthage, failled and travelled to Spain, where he created an empire
Taught Hannibal to hate the Romans

36
Q

Hasdrubal the Fair and Hamilcar Barca

A

Hasdrubal followed Hamilcar to Spain, and helped him to expand his territores after the silver mines had been taken
Took over after Hamilcar’s death

37
Q

Silver mines of Andulusia

A

Used to mint coins almost immediately for the mercenary armies of Hamilcar and Hasdrubal, and the allies they made

38
Q

Hasdrubal the Fair in Spain

A

Had an army of 50,000
Wanted to make sure Carthage’s control of Iberia would be permanent
More approachable than Hamilcar
Paid troops well
Married a local princess
Founded a new capital, New Carthage in 228
Colonised south Iberia

39
Q

Rome’s reaction to Hasdrubal’s empire

A

Found it more distressing than Hamilcar’s raids on Iberian countryside
Negotiated the Traty of Ebro in 226 BC with Hasdrubal – same time as Rome developed a relationship with Saguntum

40
Q

Treaty of Ebro

A

226
Hasdrubal agreed that if Rome did not interfere he would limit his expansion to the south banks of the River Ebro

41
Q

Demise of Hasdrubal the Fair

A

Killed by a Gallic assassin in 221 as revenge for crucifying his master

42
Q

Achievements of Hasdrubal the Fair

A

Used his prefrence diplomacy to war to strengthen Carthage’s conrtol of southern Spain.
Secured Rome’s consent for the extension of the Carthagian Empire
Founded New Carthage

43
Q

How old was Hannibal when he took over the army in Iberia

A

26

44
Q

According to tradition who was the most influential on Hannibal

A

his father

45
Q

How old was Hannibal wen he joined his father in Iberia

A

9

46
Q

What did Hannibal witness in Iberia that made him into a great general

A

His father’s speeches, tactics. and the lows and highs of war. He was educated on the battlefield

47
Q

What does Livy believe Hamilcar would have done if he lived long enough

A

He would have invaded Rom

48
Q

What was, according to Fabius Pictor and Polybius, the reason for Hannibal’s war with Rome

A

the ‘Wrath of Hamilcar’

49
Q

Three reasonsHannibal wanted to invade Rome (Polybius)

A
  • His father made him vow to seek revenge
  • He, like many Carthagians, was angered by Roman seizure of Sardinia
  • He was encouraged by Carthage’s success in Iberia, to invade Italy
50
Q

Another theory of Hannibal’s reason to attack Rome

A

Ambtion
* Hasdrubal had created a stable government that Hannibal could take advantage of
* Hannibal had an experienced army who shared his amitions

51
Q

Hannibal’s question after Saguntum

A

Whether he should attack Rome
His army mostly agreed to

52
Q

Hannibal’s attack on Italy as defencive

A

Rome saw the siege of Saguntum as an opportunity to declare war
Rome was fearful of Carthage’s recovery and saw the attack as an opportunity to crush Carthage while it had a young and inexperienced general in charge of its Iberian army
If true, then marching over the Pyrenees and the Alps could have been designed to protect Africa and Iberia from Roman invasion

rome gcse (ocr) (8 decks)

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