Receptors

Question 1

What is a proprioreceptor?

Answer 1

Mechanoreceptors that signal body or limb position

Question 2

What do muscle spindles monitor?

Answer 2

Muscle length and the rate of change of muscle length

Question 3

What do golgi tendon organs monitor?

Answer 3

Tension on tendons

Question 4

What do joint receptors do?

Answer 4

Monitor joint angle, rate of angular movement

Question 5

What do the 3 proprioreceptors do?

Answer 5

Sed sensory info to the brain to control
Muscle spindles and golgi provide sensory info for spinal cord reflexes
Provide sensory info to percieve limb position and movement in space

Question 6

Where do muscle spindles lie parallel with?

Answer 6

Muscle fibres

Question 7

What do golgi tendon organs do?

Answer 7

Monitor muscle tension

Question 8

Are tendon elastic?

Answer 8

No fairly inelastic

Question 9

What are the nerve endings in cutaneous sensory receptors protected by?

Answer 9

A capsule

Question 10

What fibres is skeletal muscle made up of?

Answer 10

Intrafusal

Extrafusal

Question 11

What are extrafusal muscle fibres?

Answer 11

Regular muscle fibres

Question 12

What forms muscle spindles?

Answer 12

Intrafusal fibres with their specialised motor and sensory innervation

Question 13

What are the end of golgi tendon organs intermingled with?

Answer 13

Tendons

Question 14

Since tendons are inelastic what must the muscle develop?

Answer 14

Tension to stretch them

Question 15

What are sensory receptors?

Answer 15

Nerve endings with specialised non-neural structures

Question 16

What do the sensory receptors convert what to?

Answer 16

Different forms of energy to AP

Question 17

What is an aqequate stimulus?

Answer 17

Type of energy a receptor will respond to

Question 18

What do nocieceptors respond to?

Answer 18

Pain

Question 19

What do thermreceptors respond to?

Answer 19

Warm and cold

Question 20

What do chemoreceptors detect?

Answer 20

Chemical changes

Question 21

What do photoreceptors detect?

Answer 21

Particular wavelengths of light

Question 22

What are mechanoreceptors stimulated by?

Answer 22

Mechanical stimuli

Question 23

What do proprioreceptors signal info about?

Answer 23

Body or limb position

Question 24

What do all sensory receptors involve the opening and closing of?

Answer 24

Ion channels

Question 25

What does an adequate stimuli cause?

Answer 25

Receptor potential or generator potential

Question 26

The stronger the stimulus the more what?

Answer 26

AP fired

Question 27

The larger the stimulus the larger the receptor potential the higher the what?

Answer 27

The higher the frequency of AP in a sensory nerve

Question 28

What is adptation?

Answer 28

When the receptor adapts to a maintained stimulus (i.e putting on clothes) and only changes signal at the onset of the stimulation

Question 29

What receptor do not show adaptability?

Answer 29

Nocireceptors

Question 30

Why do nocireceptor never adapt?

Answer 30

Because it is important to always feel painful stimuli

Question 31

What is the best understood mechnoreceptor?

Answer 31

The pacinian corpuscle

Question 32

What does the pacinian corpuscle show?

Answer 32

Rapid adaptation

Question 33

What can neurons with neighbouring neurons exhibit?

Answer 33

Neuronal convergence

Question 34

What does convergence allow?

Answer 34

Simultaneous sub-threshold to form a large secondary receptive field and initiate an AP

Question 35

What does convergence indicated?

Answer 35

A relatively insensitive area

Question 36

If there is low acuity what is there alot of going on?

Answer 36

Convergence

Question 37

If there is high acuity is there alot of convergence?

Answer 37

No

Question 38

What is acuity?

Answer 38

The ability to located stimulus on the skin and differentiate it from another closeby

Question 39

Where does all our sensory info go?

Answer 39

To our brain

Question 40

What does lateral inhibition do?

Answer 40

Inhibits the surrounding neurons to produce high acuity

Question 41

What are the 2 types of intrafusal fibre?

Answer 41

Nuclear bag fibres | Nuclear chain fibres

Question 42

What are the sarcomeres at the end of muscle spindles controlled by?

Answer 42

Gamma motoneurones

Question 43

What innervate intrafusal fibres?

Answer 43

y motoneurones

Question 44

What innervate extrafusal muscle fibres?

Answer 44

Alpha motoneurones

Question 45

What stimulates the spindle stretch receptors?

Answer 45

Muscle stretch

Question 46

When the agonist muscle contracts what happens to the muscle spindles?

Answer 46

They contract also

Question 47

When the agonist muscle and spindle contracts what happens to the antagonist muscle?

Answer 47

It lengthens and those muscle spindles increase their outflow of AP

Question 48

What is the role of the gamma MN?

Answer 48

To maintain muscle spindle sensitivity

Question 49

What does the muscle spindle cause?

Answer 49

Contraction of the muscle

Question 50

What does the Golgi tendon organ cause?

Answer 50

The relaxation of the muscle

Question 51

When both the a and y motor neurones fire What happens?

Answer 51

Both the muscle and muscle spindle shorten