Refraction

Question 0

how much is a 10 fold increase in sound energy?

Answer 0

1 bel

Question 1

What is the measurement of a decibel_

Answer 1

1/10 log (I* measure sound / I * standard sound)

Question 2

What is energy proportional to?

Answer 2

energy is proportional to the square of pressure

Question 3

what is the decibel of a whisper?\

Answer 3

20 dB

Question 4

What is the decibel of normal conversation?

Answer 4

60dB

Question 5

What is the decibel of a symphony?

Answer 5

100dB

Question 6

what is the decibel of threshold of discomfort?

Answer 6

130dB

Question 7

What is the decibel for threshold of pain

Answer 7

160dB

Question 8

In a young adult what are the frequencies of audible sound?

Answer 8

20-20k Hz (decreases with age)

Question 9

IN what frequency is the greatest acuity for audible sound?

Answer 9

1000-4000 Hz

Question 10

In what range does impedance matching work?

Answer 10

300-3000 HZ perfect for sound (50-75%)

Question 11

How much smaller is the oval window compared to the Tympnic membrance?

Answer 11

17 times

Question 12

What does the ossicular system do?

Answer 12

reduces amplitude by 1/4

increases pressure against oval window by 22 times (gives increased force of 1.3 times)

Question 13

By how many decibels can the ossicular system reduce loudness if not working?

Answer 13

15-20 dB

Question 14

When the stepedius muscles pulls the stapes outward it does what to sound?

Answer 14

decreases sound

Question 15

When the Tensor Tympani pulls the malleous inward what does it do to sound?

Answer 15

increases loudness

Question 16

When a CNS reflex causes the contraction of sapedius and tensor tympani muscles, it is called?

Answer 16

creation of rigid ossicular sytem

Question 17

what does a rigid ossicular sytem do?

Answer 17

reduces ossicular conductions

Question 18

What are the chambers of the cochlea?

Answer 18

Scali vestibuli, Scali media, Scali tympni

Question 19

What seperates the Scali Vestibuli and Scali media?

Answer 19

Reissner’s membrane

Question 20

What seperates the Scali media from the Scali tympani?

Answer 20

basilar membrane

Question 21

what two chambers of cochlea are filled with perilymph?

Answer 21

Scali vestibuli and Scali Tympani

Question 22

What are the top of hair cells bathed by in the Scali media?

Answer 22

endolymph

Question 23

What cation is the Scali media enriched with?

Answer 23

Enriched with K+ that is secreted by stria vacularis

Question 24

What secretes the K+ that enriches the Scali media?

Answer 24

stria vacularis

Question 25

what chamber is associated with the round window?

Answer 25

Scali tympani

Question 26

What chamber is associated with the oval window?

Answer 26

Scali vestibuli

Question 27

What is the scala media filled with?

Answer 27

endolymph (K+)

Question 28

What is the cala tympani filled with?

Answer 28

perilymph (CSF)

Question 29

what baths the bottoms of hair cells?

Answer 29

perilymph

Question 30

what frequencies do the hair cells near the oval window respond to?

Answer 30

>4500Hz

Question 31

what are the characteristics of hair cells near oval window (base)?

Answer 31

short and thick

Question 32

What are the characteristics of the hair cells near helicotrema?

Answer 32

long and slender.

Question 33

to what frequencies do the hair cells near helicotrema respond to best?

Answer 33

best to lower frequencies (<200Hz)

Question 34

What does the cochlea behave like?

Answer 34

Fourier analyser (kind of auditory prism)

Question 35

What is Fourier analysis?

Answer 35

any complex wave ca be broken down into its component sine waves with differing phases frequencies, and amplitudes

Question 36

What is the organ of corti?

Answer 36

cochlea

Question 37

where is the primary auditory cortex located?

Answer 37

superior gyrus of temporal lobe

Question 38

where are high frequency sounds located in the cortex?

Answer 38

posterior

Question 39

where are low frequency sounds located in the cortex?

Answer 39

anterior

Question 40

what pathway involves direct stimulation of cochlea through the vibration of the skull as the cochlea is imbedded in the petrous portion of the temporal bone?

Answer 40

bone conduction pathway

Question 41

what pathway involves the external ear canal, middle ear, and inner ear?

Answer 41

air conduction pathway

Question 42

IF a weber test sounds louder in bad ear, what is suspected?

Answer 42

air conduction loss in bad ear (external canal or ossicles involved)