REGENERATION AND IMAGING - Liverpool and Cartmel Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is an UDC?
Urban Development Corporation
- targets deprived areas and spent billions stimulating property development
- now defunct
What are the criticisms of UDCs?
- focused too heavily on physical change and disregarded social regeneration so the scheme often failed to tackle localised employment e.g. Canary Wharf
- authority resented by local councils because they had the power to compulsorily purchase land and were headed by unelected boards
Give an example of a UDC
Merseyside Development Corporation (MDC)
- 1981
- first UDC outside London
- top down development (driven by government)
Give example projects completed by the MDC
1984 - International Garden Festival
1988- Redevelopment of The Albert Dock
What does bottom up development/rebranding mean?
where the redevelopment/action is begun by people who live/work in the area
Give some examples of bottom up development in Liverpool
- 1989 Eldonian Village, Vauxhall, Everton
- Project Rosemary
Give some examples/impacts of regeneration in Liverpool
- European Capital of Culture
- Kings Waterfront
- Retail
- Rope Walks
Describe the regeneration of Rope Walks
Originally a £20m mixed use scheme, then LVP Vision received £110 investment
19th C - rope making place which supported the seafaring trade sector and had 18th C housing for the rich
Late 1980s - derelict due to deindustrialisation and abandonment, characterised by abandoned warehouses
URBAN SPLASH (LVP VISION 2001)
- redeveloped Concert Square into loft apartments and outdoor drinking
- historic buildings and empty space into luxury apartments
- now there is an active resident community
Now it is a diverse district with China Town, Bold Street (bohemian atmos) and Concert Square, hub for nightlife, entertainment and creative industries
Links to City C, retail, education, healthcare, employment, services transport and housing
Describe the redevelopment of Liverpool ONE
- late 1990s development of Paradise Street bus station by the council (Paradise Project)
- 17ha site mixed use (transport, retail, warehousing, some housing)
- whole thing cost £1b from the private sector
- opened 2008-09
RETAIL LED:
- 160 stores
- 14 screen cinema
- leisure and dining
- public open space
- 600 residential units
How has winning ECC 2008 impacted Liverpool?
- 30% increase in visitors at Albert Dock attractions
- catalyst for £4b ciy centre regeneration
- culture dominated rebranding (music, sport, art)
- generated >£800m 2008
- > 15m visitors attracted to city for an attraction or one of over 7,000 events
- led by LVP Vision, City Council, EU Objective One funding
Who are the stakeholders in rebranding processes in Liverpool?
People of Liverpool
Council
University
Church and religious leaders
EU (LOTS of funding)
British Government
What are the aims of urban remaking?
- revival of an outdated place image
- change and differentiation of a pre-existing place
- association with international events
LEADS TO
- pride in your city
- promotion of the urban area as a product
LEADS TO:
attracting new investment, shops, tourists, residents
What were the aims of regeneration in Liverpool?
- leisure based Docklands change
- new residential, office, conference and arena areas
- modernised business quarter
- retail development
- cultural developments
- knowledge quarter development
What are the origins and early history of Liverpool?
Base for troops heading to Ireland, King John in 1207 encouraged residents
The Mersey made it possible to trade, and after the new charter from Charles I regular shipping to the West Indies and America started
How has slavery impacted Liverpool?
Peak year of 1799, brought back 45,000 slaves from Africa to work at the docks, which now had a capacity for 100 ships
Made a LOT of money
How has the industrial Revolution impacted Liverpool?
- World’s leading city for cotton production and boom in slavery
- Population grew form 6,000 to 8,000
- connection to Manchester, Leeds and St Helens by Canal for the connection of industry
- first inter city rail link between it and Manchester
How did WW2 impact Liverpool?
- docks were the control centre for the Battle of the Atlantic
- over 80 air raids
- 70,000 made homeless
How has gang culture impacted Liverpool?
The contrast of great prosperity and great poverty in Victorian Liverpool caused conflict e.g. Civic Architecture towering over cesspools and sewage
The economic heart was the docks, and it was also a gateway to the world
- attracted Irish fleeing the potato famine
- those Catholics clashed with protestant Scottish crowding
- sectarian gangs emerge e.g. Hibernians and Dead Rabbits
This all discouraged investment in Liverpool and multiplied the image of crime, poverty and undesirables
How has Beatlemania impacted Liverpool?
- most famous export, and one of the most successful bands in the world
- attracted lots of visitors and investment
What are the problems in Cartmel?
- Congestion
- Public Transport
- Carpark fines
- Conflict between residents and tourists
Why is congestion a problem in Cartmel?
- popular tourist destination: little parking leads to tension between locals/tourists
- restrictions introduced: double yellow lines in village centre and more spaces added
Why is public transport a problem in Cartmel?
- poor provision
- no buses after 2pm yet £70,000 can be spent on a parking scheme = angry locals
Why are carpark fines a problem in Cartmel?
- fines up to £100 after reg. plates incorrectly printed leaves people furious at the racecourse
- may deter people from Cartmel which is detrimental to the small local businesses which are already under stress from COVID
Give some examples of stakeholders in Cartmel
- Cumbria LEP
- Cartmel Priory and Holker Estates
- Local resident community
- Cartmel Township Initiative
