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Regional CNS Flashcards

lectures 2+3 (92 cards)

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1
Q

Rostral

A

midbrain/ spinal- above
cerebrum- anterior

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2
Q

Caudal

A

midbrain/ spinal- inferior
cerebrum- posterior

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3
Q

Dorsal

A

midbrain/ spinal- posterior
cerebrum- superior

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4
Q

ventral

A

midbrain/spinal- anterior
cerebrum- inferior

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5
Q

Prosencephalon

A

IN A FETUS:
forms the forebrain

telencephalon (hemispheres, cerebral cortex, subcortical white mater, basal ganglia, basal forebrain nuclei)

diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus)

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6
Q

Mesencephalon

A

IN A FETUS:
forms midbrain

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7
Q

Rhombencephalon

A

IN A FETUS:
forms hindbrain

Metencephalon- pons & cerebellum

Myelencephalon- medulla

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8
Q

What view is this

A

Coronal

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9
Q

What view is this

A

horizontal

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10
Q

Grey matter

A

soma
synaptic communication
unmyelinated

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11
Q

white matter

A

axons
signal transmission
made up of assosiation fibers, commissural fibers, and projection fibers
myelinated

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12
Q

assosiation fibers

A

white matter, neurons stay w in same hemisphere

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13
Q

commissural fibers

A

white matter, neurons go to oppisite hemisphere

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14
Q

porjection fibers

A

neurons leave brain and go to rest of body

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15
Q

describe the 3 fossas and which lobes are in them

A
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16
Q

epidural space

A

between cranium and Dura mater

potential space

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17
Q

dura mater: layers, anatomical dividers, and functions

A

thick,
periosteal layer- (outer)
meningeal layer- (inner, continue into spinal cord)
supratentorial (above tentorium cerebelli) and infra (below- cerebellum)

FUNCTION: envelop, protect, limit rotational displacment, regulate glidal cells

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18
Q

subdural space

A

between D and A
potential

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19
Q

Arachnoid mater: villi & functions

A

CSF
arachnoid villi- projections of arachnoid that stick to dura, to drain CSF

FUNCTIONS- envelop & protect, combats shearing (keep things together when hit head), CSF circulation

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20
Q

Subarchnoid space

A

between A and P
true space
Contains CSF

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21
Q

Pia mater- function

A

envelop & portect

aids in production of CSF (highly vascularized so provides the blood supply necessary for CSF production)

increases efficency of BBB (by supporting the tight junctions)

contributes to degadation of neurotransmitters (by delivering blood to astrocytes & others)

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22
Q

functions of CSF

A

support/ protect (neutral boyancy)

pressure maintenance

nutrition

waste removal (microglia)

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23
Q

where is CSF produced and distributed

A

ventricles- choroid plexxus

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24
Q

describe flow of CSF

A

lateral ventricle
intraventricular foramen of monroe
3rd venticle
cerebral aquaduct of sylvius
4th ventricle
medial and lateral foramen
subarachnoid space(splits brain and spinal)
arachnoid grnaulations

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25
what is NOT protected in the BBB
circumventricular organs (post pituitary gland, pineal gland, hypothalamus)
26
what are the 4 primary corticies
(grand central station of processes) primary motor cortex primary somatosensory cortex primary auditory cortex primary visual cortex
27
where is the primary motor cortex
precentral gyrus (pink)
28
where is the primary somatosensory cortex
postcentral gyrus (blue)
29
where is the primary auditory cortex
transverse gyri of Heschl (by the ear)(yellow)
30
where is the primary visual cortex
along the banks of the calcarine fissure BUT THE CALC FISSURE SEPERATES THE CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL VISION
31
descirbe the homunculus and where things are
orients body parts to brain knee trunk hand face tounge
32
Unimodal assosiation corticies
-only interpret 1 categogory -motor, somatosensory, visual, auditory
33
Heteromodal association cortices- WHAT is it
processes multiple types of input think grabbing something "youre on track with visual, motor, etc." higher order mental functions bidirectional
34
Heteromodal assosiation corticies- WHERE is it
frontal lobes AND parirtooccipitotemporal junction (GREEN)
35
Frontal lobe functions
Higher order executive function (logic thinking) motor functions eye movements- coordination speech- motor/coordination
36
Where do things like logic, decision making, prob solving, or thinking take place?
frontal lobe- prefrontal cortex
37
Where do motor functions take place?
Frontal lobe - primary motor cortex (PriMC) and supplemental motor areas (SMA)
38
Where do eye movements (smoothly tracking a moving object) take place?
Frontal lobe - frontal eye fields
39
Where does the motor and coordination part of speech (like moving the tongue, lips, and vocal cords properly) happen in the brain?
frontal lobe- broncas area and other supplemental speech areas dominent side
40
functions of parietal lobe
sensory integration (somatosensory- finding keys in bag blinded) perceptual integration- When you catch a ball, your brain combines visual input (seeing the ball’s trajectory), proprioceptive input (knowing your arm’s position), and tactile input (feeling it in your hand) to successfully grab it visual and auditory processing and integration speech- comprehension
41
where does sensory integration happen in the brain
parietal lobe- primary somatosensory cortex and supplementary somatosesnsory areas
42
where does perceptual integration happen in the brain
parietal lobe- non dominent hemisphere
43
where does visual processing happen in the brain
parietal- superior parietal lobule inferior parietal lobule temporal- middle temporal gyrus
44
where does the comprehenssion of speech happen in the brain
parietal lobe- wernickes area and additional supplementary speech areas dominent hemisphere
45
what are the functions of the temporal lobe
auditory processing visual processing memory
46
what is the diff between processing and auditory integration
You hear someone call your name (auditory processing) helps you recognize the sound of your name). Then, you turn around and see your friend waving at you (Auditory integration) Auditory processing: Recognizing your name being said. Auditory integration: Connecting the sound to the person and the situation, happens in sup and inf parietal lobule
47
where does auditory processing take place
parietal- superior and inf parietal lobule temporal- transverse gyri of heschl, superior temporal gyrus
48
where does memory take place
temporal lobe- inf temporal gyrus parahipppocampal gyrus uncus
49
what are the functions of the occipital lobe and where does it take place
vision primary visual cortex and visual association cortex, calcarine fissure (seperates central from peripheral), occipital pole (macular vision)
50
where does visual and auditory integration take place
parietal lobe- sup and inf parietal lobule Auditory integration: Connecting the sound to the person and the situation
51
left hemisphere general duties
analytical thought, logic reasoning, language center
52
right hemisphere general duties
perceptual integration, imagination, insight, intuition, creativity, emotional drive
53
corpus colosem
- connection -bilateral integration (R and L side talk)
54
what are the 3 main tracks that connect R to L side
MAIN- corpus collosum - anterior comissure -posterior comissure
55
insular cortex/ insula- where?
under temporal lobe connects limic cortex
56
insular cortex/ insula- what does it do
-sensory input for visceral and autonomic function -somatic processing and pain - olfactogustary and emotional regulation
57
limbic cortex
"primitive brain" bc first to develop EMOTIONS (but also homeostasis, olfaction (smell), memory, and drive), connects with insular lobe
58
diancephalon- what are the structures in it
thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus
59
thalamus function
directs you where you need to go
60
hypothalamus
homeostasis hub - autonomic (involentary) system - limbic- emotions- pituitary: how the hypothalamus connects the limbic system with the endocrine system via the pituitary gland. Limbic system- emotional input (like stress, fear, or pleasure) Hypothalamus translates that emotional input into physiological responses, Pituitary carries out those responses via hormone release (like cortisol, oxytocin, etc.).
61
epithalamus
pineal gland habenular nuclei (emotion to smell_ choroid plexxus of third ventricle
62
Basal ganglia
MOTOR movment initiation and execution - execute movments as i intend to also cognitive/ emotional too
63
cerebellum
coordination/ balence hub -posture/ balence -motor learn/ control -muscle tone
64
cerebellum anatomy
vermis cerebellular hemispheres cerebullar peduncles
65
Is the thalamus a part of the brainstem?
NO!!!
66
midbrain is __ to the thalamus
inferior (dif sections)
67
midbrain is ___ to pons
rostral
68
where is the midbrain-diencephalic junction
69
where is the pontomesencephalic junction
70
where is the pontomedullary junction
71
where is the cervicomedullary junction
72
fancy word for midbrain
mesencephalon
73
Midbrain assosiations
74
fancy word for pons
metencephalon
75
associations of pons
76
relationship of pons and cerebellum
only way in or out of cerebellum
77
fancy word for Medulla
mylencephalon
78
association of medulla
survival center- cardiocasular, respritory, vasomotor centers, autonomic control
79
what is the reticullar formation
cluster of stuff going down brainstem exstends through central core of brainstem to thalamus
80
functions of reticular formation
-general arousal, awareness -RAS (quiet background noise)- synapse with maj tracts, functions in arousal from sleep (when sensory signals (like light, sound, or touch) come in, the RAS activates and shifts the brain from a sleepy or unconscious state into wakefulness and awareness.) - motor awareness - autonomic (fight flight rest digest) regulation
81
vertebral foreman boundries
82
intervertebral foramen
83
Filum Terminale
pia exstend at the end of conus medullaris which anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx
84
what does dura anchor
peripheral nerves
85
grey matter is most abdundent in __ and ___ white mater is ____ (higher or lower in the spinal cord)
86
what are the parts of the spinal cord that have grey matter
dorsal horn, intermediate zone (autonomic preganglionic neurons), venral horn
87
what are the parts of the spinal cord that have white matter
ascending and descending columns
88
what part of white mater is the entrence for dorsal roots
dorsolateral sulcus
89
what part of white mater is the exsit for ventral roots
ventral lateral sulcus
90
what part of white mater is the glidal cells folded inward? this also turns to dorsal medium sulcus in caudal spinal cord
dorsal medium septum
91
what part of white mater does pia mater fold in
ventral medium fissure
92
EXPLAIN WHERE THE VENRICLES ARE IN THE BRAIN
third is w in the thalamus and hypothala!

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