Regionality and Class

Question 1

Accent

Answer 1

Pronunciation particular to geographical location

Question 2

Dialect

Answer 2

Words/grammar used

Question 3

Dialect variation

Answer 3

Liverpool: yous
Regional: barm cake and teacake

Question 4

Accent variations

Answer 4

H dropping
Glottal stops

Question 5

Class- Labov

Answer 5

1966
Rhotic r
Overt prestige feature
Upper middle class more
Lower highest upward shift

Question 6

Class- Trudgil

Answer 6

1982
Norwich
Ing

Question 7

Class- petyt

Answer 7

1980
Bradford
H dropping
Upper working class h dropped most

Question 8

Overt prestige

Answer 8

Adapting to speech commonly identified with acknowledged social status

Question 9

Covert Prestige

Answer 9

The speech form associated with less quantifiable and more individualised aspects
Localised identity

Question 10

Region- Martha’s Vineyard

Answer 10

You know this use sheet

Question 11

Covert prestige example

Answer 11

Jamie Oliver (use sheet)

Question 12

Penelope Eckret

Answer 12

2000
Jocks and burnouts
Use sheet

Question 13

Bernstein

Answer 13

1971

Social code theory

Elaborate code-universal
Restricted- Social groups
Code switching- switching between the 2 based on context and pragmatics

Said working class only have restricted as they have less socialisation

*Everyone will have own version eg:inside jokes

Question 14

Milroy- social network

Answer 14

1980

Opposes Bernstein
Not everyone so compartmentalised

Individuals may belong to multiple networks

Open: individuals contacts do not know each other eg bus. Low density

Closed: individuals contacts know each other eg:reunion. High density

Multiplex: individuals contacts belong to multiple of same social groups

Question 15

Howard Giles Matched Guise Test

Answer 15

1970s

1. Status 2. Personality 3. Persuasiveness
2. RP, National, Regional/rural, Urban
3. Northerners: warm and kind but less intelligent. Southerners: intelligent but cold and ruthless
4. No correlation as everyone has diff perceptions

Question 16

Lance Workman

Answer 16

Accent intelligence and attractiveness

Intelligence
1. Yorkshire -odd
2. RP
3. Silent/Brummie

Question 17

Giles Accomodation Theory

Answer 17

1971

Upwards convergence: adopt more prestigious language to decrease social distance

Downwards convergence:adopt less prestigious language to decrease social distance

Divergence: increasing social distance

Question 19

Standard English

Answer 19

The widely accepted form of English that is universally understandable and taught in schools