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Regulations and Recommendations Flashcards

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1
Q

International Agencies Responsible for Formulating Policies and Standards in Radiation Protection

A
  1. International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)
  2. United Nations Scientific
    Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR)
  3. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

I-Un-I

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2
Q

US Agencies Responsible for Formulating Policies and Standards in Radiation Protection

A
  1. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP)
  2. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
  3. National Academy of
    Sciences/ National Research
    Council Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (NAS/NRC-BEIR)

Na EnNu NaNa

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3
Q

Philippine Agencies Responsible for Formulating Policies and Standards in Radiation Protection

A
  1. Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI)
  2. DOH- Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
  3. DENR – Environmental Management Bureau (EMB)
  4. Bureau of Customs (BOC)
  5. Philippine National Police (PNP) – Civil Security Group (CSG)
  6. National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)
  7. Department of Energy (DOE)
  8. DOLE- Occupational Safety and Health Center (OSHC)

PhiDOH DB PhiNa DeDo

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4
Q

Evaluates information on biologic effects of radiation and provides radiation protection
guidance through general recommendations on occupational and public dose limits

A

ICRP

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5
Q

Established in 1928

A

ICRP

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6
Q

Evaluates human and environmental ionizing radiation exposure and derives radiation risk assessments from epidemiologic data and research conclusions

A

UNSCEAR

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7
Q

Provides information to organizations such as the ICRP for evaluation

A

UNSCEAR

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8
Q

Founded in 1957

A

IAEA

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9
Q

Responsible for promoting the safe use of nuclear energy.

A

IAEA

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10
Q

The agency establishes international safety standards and supports member states in implementing radiation protection measures through regulatory frameworks.

A

IAEA

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11
Q

Reviews regulations formulated by the ICRP and decides ways to include those recommendations in U.S. radiation protection criteria

A

NCRP

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12
Q

Regulate radiation exposure fromnuclear facilities, environmental sources, and industrial applications.

A

EPA and NRC

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13
Q

EPA vs NRC

A

NRC focuses on nuclear energy and reactor safety

EPA ensures environmental protection from radiation hazards

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14
Q

Reviews studies of biologic effects of ionizing radiation and risk assessment and provides the information to organizations such as the ICRP for evaluation

A

NAS/NRC-BEIR

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15
Q

Lead agency for nuclear and radioactive materials regulation

A

PNRI

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16
Q

A specialized agency under the Department of Science and Technology (DOST)

A

PNRI

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17
Q

Responsible for developing and promoting nuclear science and technology

A

PNRI

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18
Q

Responsible for regulating the use of radioactive materials and nuclear facilities in the country

A

PNRI

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19
Q

PNRI Legal Basis

A

 Republic Act No. 2067 (Science Act of 1958)

 Republic Act No. 5207 (Atomic Energy Regulatory and Liability Act of1968)

 Executive Order No. 128 (1987) – reorganization of PNRI

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20
Q

Issuing licenses and permits for the importation, use, transport, and storage of radioactive materials

A

PNRI

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21
Q

Inspecting facilities that use radiation (e.g., hospitals, research labs, industrial sites).

A

PNRI

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22
Q

Ensuring compliance with safety regulations and radiation protection guidelines

A

PNRI

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23
Q

Conducting radiation monitoring and emergency preparedness

A

PNRI

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24
Q

Providing technical assistance and training in nuclear science

A

PNRI

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25
Focuses on the medical and diagnostic use of radiation and radioactive materials.
DOH-FDA
26
Responsible for protecting public health by regulating the medical use of radn-emitting equipment and RA pharmaceuticals
DOH-FDA
27
Licensing and inspecting medical facilities using X-ray machines, CT scans, and radiation therapy equipment
DOH-FDA
28
Through its FDA Radiation Regulation Division, monitors the safety of radiopharmaceuticals and other radioactive materials used in medicine.
DOH-FDA
29
Ensures compliance with radiation safety standards in hospitals and diagnostic centers.
DOH-FDA
30
Environmental protection, radioactive waste
DENR-EMB
31
Border control of radioactive imports/exports
BOC
32
Security and safe transport of radioactive material
PNP-CSG
33
Emergency response coordination
NDRRMC
34
Nuclear energy policy and development
DOE
35
Worker safety from radiation exposure
DOLE-OSHC
36
Fundamental Principles of Radn Protection
Justification Optimization Dose limitation
37
Categories of Exposure Situations
1. Planned Exposure Situations 2. Emergency Exposure Situations 3. Existing Exposure Situations
38
Deliberate introduction and operation of radiation sources, e.g., in medical or industrial settings
Planned Exposure Situations
39
Unexpected scenarios requiring urgent response, e.g., nuclear accidents or Radiological threats
Emergency Exposure Situations
40
Pre-existing scenarios where control decisions must be made, e.g., natural background radiation or legacy contamination
Existing Exposure Situations
41
Situations where protection measures can be planned in advance and the level and range of exposure can be reasonably forecast
Planned Exposure Situations
42
Planned Exposure Situations Dose limits
Public expo: 1msv/yr Occupational expo: 100msv/5yrs and 50msv/yr
43
Manage disposal of RA waste and long-lived RA waste
Planned Exposure Situations
44
Situations where exposure gas already occurred as of the time when a decision on control is made
Existing Exposure Situations
45
Existing Exposure Situations Reference Level
Lower dose range within 1-20 msv/yr, with long-term goal of 1msv/ yr
46
Ensure voluntary efforts for radiolocal protection and cultivate a culture for Radiological protection
Existing Exposure Situations
47
Contingency situations where urgent and long-term protection measures may be required
Emergency Exposure Situations
48
Emergency Exposure Situations Reference Level
Within 20-100 msv/yr
49
Evacuate, shelter indoors, analyze and ascertain Radiological situations, prepare monitoring, conduct health examinations, manage foods, etc.
Emergency Exposure Situations
50
Occupational effective dose (Current exposure dose limits)
200 mSv per yr, averaged over defined period of 5 years
51
Public effective dose (Current exposure dose limits)
1msv in a year
52
Occupational dose for lens of the eye (Current exposure dose limits)
20msv
53
Public dose for lens of the eye (Current exposure dose limits)
15msv
54
Occupational dose for skin (Current exposure dose limits)
500msv
55
Public dose for skin (Current exposure dose limits)
50msv
56
Occupational dose for hands and feet (Current exposure dose limits)
500msv
57
Public dose for hands and feet (Current exposure dose limits)
---
58
The BSS also adds stronger restrictions on occupation doses for "apprentices" and "students" aged 16 to 18, namely dose limits of an:
1. effective dose of 6msvin a yr 2. equivalent dose to the lens of the eye 20msc in a yr 3. equivalent Dose to the extremities or the skin of 150msv in a yr
59
A concept used to help patients understand the amount of radiation they receive from a medical procedure by comparing it to the amount of natural background radiation they would receive over a given period (e.g., days, months, or years).
Background Equivalent Radiation Time (BERT)
60
It frames the dose in something people can relate to, rather than using abstract numbers
Background Equivalent Radiation Time (BERT)
61
It helps reduce anxiety and radiation phobia while promoting informed consent.
Background Equivalent Radiation Time (BERT)
62
BERT is not a/n (1), but a/n (2)
1. risk indicator 2. communication tool
63
Image Gently is a campaign led by the ---
Alliance for Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging
64
Aims to reduce radiation exposure in children by promoting best practices among Healthcare professionals
Image Gently
65
Focuses on reducing unnecessary radiation exposure in adults through proper imaging protocols.
Image Wisely
66
Image Wisely is made possible by ---
American College of Radiology (ACR) and Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)
67
Image Gently vs Image Wisely (Focus)
Image Gently: Pediatric patients Image Wisely: All patients, especially adults
68
Use as little radiation as possible
Image Gently
69
Use imaging only when necessary, and in a way that minimizes risk. Make smart, evidence-based decisions.
Image Wisely
70
Key Idea/ Principle: Munumuze Radn Expo
Image Gently
71
Key Idea/ Principle: Justify the Imaging
Image Gently
72
Optimize Techniques
Image Gently
73
Key Idea/ Principle: Alternative Modalities
Image Gently
74
Key Idea/ Principle: Educate Caregivers and Providers
Image Gently
75
Key Idea/ Principle: Be informed
Image Wisely
76
Key Idea/ Principle: Use imaging judiciously
Image Wisely
77
Key Idea/ Principle: Dose optimization
Image Wisely
78
Key Idea/ Principle: Patient-centered Imaging
Image Wisely

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