Relation With Spain

Question 1

what were Elizabeth’s main foreign policies

Answer 1

-developing and improving trade to benefit the English economy
-protecting English borders
-protecting the English throne
-avoiding war (could cost a lot of money and lead to loss of throne if English rebels support the enemy)

Question 2

What was Spain provided with because it conquered Mexico and Peru in the early 1500s?

Answer 2

vast amounts of :

-crops
-silver
-gold
also gave Spain control over trade in sugar cane and tobacco

Question 3

problems English merchants faced

Answer 3

-Spain controlled the Netherlands which were the main route into European markets. Antwerp was very important to English trade
-Spain controlled much of the New world where there were valuable trading opportunities
-Spain control of the New world denied English traders profit-making opportunities because all trade there had to be licensed by the Spanish government.

Question 4

what did English merchants do to tackle the problem of trading

Answer 4

they traded illegally without licenses and some attacked Spanish ports and shipping.

Question 5

what was the consequence of Spain controlling the Netherlands and the Scheldt and Rhine estuaries?

Answer 5

It closed off one of the principal trade routes used by English traders = this reduced income and profits for English merchants

Question 6

What’s the deal with Privateering

-who were they financed by
-what did they do
-sea beggars

Answer 6

-English merchants, financed by private investors, including Elizabeth herself, raided Spanish colonies as well as ships voyaging to and from the New world
-Elizabeth also encouraged Dutch rebels known as the Sea Beggars, to attack Spanish ships sailing between Spain and the Netherlands

Question 7

Francis Drake significance on privateering

Answer 7

-1572: in one raid alone captured £40,000 in Spanish silver
-A second expedition between 1577 and 1580, involving Drake’s circumnavigation of the globe, resulted in the capture of further £400,000 of silver and gold

Question 8

What was the effects of privateering on Spain?

Answer 8

By 1580, loss of silver meant that the Spanish government in the Netherlands was bankrupt and could not afford to pay its soldiers

Question 9

Explain the reasons for deteriorating relations between England and Spain due to privateering?

Answer 9

-Elizabeth, by knighting Drake demonstrated her defiance of hostility towards Spain’s commercial interests in Europe and the New world
-Elizabeth’s actions showed her support of the financial losses suffered by the Spanish government as a result of English privateering

-For Phillip II, Drake and other privateers were seen as a pirate who needed to be removed by war if necessary.
-Getting rid of Elizabeth and Drake by war was the only remaining means of protecting Spain’s commercial interests

Question 10

Under Mary Tudor, Spain and England were allies.

why did Spain and England’s relationship sour when Elizabeth made England protestant?

(RELIGIOUS RIVALRY)

Answer 10

-Phillip II saw Protestantism as a threat to the authority of the catholic church
-Catholics saw Protestantism as something dangerous that needed to be stamped out
-Many English Protestants saw Spain and Catholicism as a threat
-Phillip became involved in plots
-Phillip opposed Elizabeth’s religious settlement

Question 11

Why did nations of Europe become rivals over territory?

Answer 11

more territory meant more people, wealth and power.

this rivalry often resulted in foreign policy that led to war

Question 12

Why was there a brutal Spanish campaign in the Netherlands under the Duke of Alba?`

Answer 12

because many Dutch became protestant so the brutal campaign was to restore Catholicism there

Question 13

What and when was the council of blood?

Answer 13

1568

Spanish Catholics executed many Dutch protestants

Question 14

What was the effect of the Spanish campaign in the Netherlands in Elizabeth’s government?

Answer 14

Elizabeth’s leading courtiers were protestant and they put pressure on her to help Dutch rebels

they saw Spain as hostile - a direct threat to English Protestantism and to England itself

Question 15

Why was Elizabeth reluctant to help the Dutch protestant rebels in the Netherlands?

Answer 15

she wanted to avoid anything that could start a war in Spain

Question 16

Instead of directly getting involved in the Netherlands, she tried to apply pressure on the Spanish. How did she do this?

Answer 16

-Indirectly helping Dutch protestants resist the Spanish
-Encouraging English privateers to attack Spanish ships and colonies
-Pursuing friendly relations with France by offering a marriage alliance to the heir of the French throne, the Duke of Alencon
-by encouraging others to fight the Spanish in the Netherlands

Question 17

what was Elizabeth’s intent with pursuing friendly relations with France through a marriage alliance with Duke of Alencon?

Answer 17

The alliance offered potential influence over French policy in the Netherlands, and it was a strategic move to form an alliance with France as traditional bonds with Spain were deteriorating.

Question 18

How did Elizabeth’s government decide to secretly help the Dutch protestants resist the Spanish?

Answer 18

1585, Elizabeth signed the Treaty of Nonsuch with the Protestant rebel government ‘The Council of State’ Elizabeth agreed to send 7,400 troops to fight alongside the Dutch rebels Elizabeth placed Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in charge of the campaign It effectively meant Spain and England were at war with each other

Question 19

When and what was the Spanish fury 1576

Answer 19

November 1576. A thousand buildings were torched and as many as 17,000 men, women, and children were killed.

Question 20

What’s the deal with the Pacification of Ghent?

Answer 20

a treaty between England and the Dutch which expelled Spanish troops from the Netherlands, restored autonomy and ended religious persecution