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Pysch Paper 3 > Relationships > Flashcards

Relationships Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

sexual selection

A

an evolutionary explanation of partner preference

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2
Q

sexual dimorphosim

A

explains the differences in men and women , males are 12-15% larger

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3
Q

anisogomy

A

difference in male and female sex cells
sperm - small, mobile , lots
egg - limited, large, static

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4
Q

intrasexual selection

A

males competeing with other males for a female

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5
Q

intersexual selection in females

A

females are quality over quantity

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6
Q

Fishers sexy sons hypothesis

A

the reason women chose men with good characteristics as her son will inherit these traits

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7
Q

size matters

A

bigger males have an advantage and are more likely to mate.

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8
Q

anisogomy dictates

A

men mate with as many fertile females as possible

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9
Q

A03 reason females more picky

A

limited to 300 eggs a lifetime whereas men produce 40-60million sperm in one ejaculation so choice is more costly for women

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10
Q

Buss A03 of mating preferneces

A

looked at 10,000 adults in 33 countries and found that women want resources and men want reproductive capacity

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11
Q

Clark and Hatfield Uni Campus Proc

A

approached opposite sex on a uni campus and asked 3 questions
1- would you go out with me tonight
2- would you come over tonight
3- would you have sex with me tonight

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12
Q

Clark and Hatfield Uni Campus Results

A

Q1 - 50% female 50% Male
Q2- 6% female 69% male
3- 0% female 75% male
shows men are less picky

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13
Q

A03 - Sexual selection evolution - Bereckzi

A

women have more freedom and no longer dependent on men

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14
Q

A03 - Sexual selection - Chang

A

studied partners in China over 25 years and found some preferences changed

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15
Q

A03 Sexual selection studies shows

A

mate preferences are an outcome of both evolutionary and cultural influences

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16
Q

self disclosure

A

revealing personal info about yourself

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17
Q

greater disclosure results in

A

greater feelings of intimacy

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18
Q

social penetration theory - self disclosure

A

gradual process of revealing your inner self to someone, romantic relationships should equally disclose as it displays trust

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19
Q

Breadth and depth in self disclosure

A

superficial things revealed first followed by more intimate things

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20
Q

Sprecher and Hendrick - support self disclosure

A

found a strong correlation between satisfaction and self disclosure in relationships

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21
Q

Laureneceup et al - support self disclosure

A

self disclosure was linked to higher levels of imtimacy in relationships

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22
Q

Self disclosure real life applications

A

can help people who want to improve communication

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23
Q

cultural differences in self disclosure - Tang et al

A

USA couples disclose more than Chinese couples

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24
Q

Shackleford and Larson - Physical attractiveness

A

people with symmetrical features are more attractive as have an honest set of genetics
people are more attracted to baby faces as they trigger protection instinct

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25
The halo effect - physical attractiveness
attractive people are rated as kind as there is a belief that good looking people have traits that make them more attractive
26
Walster et al- physical attractiveness expectations
more socially desirable a person is , the more desirable they expect their partner to be. We date people who we think are similar attractiveness to them
27
2 factors that Walster et al argue influence looking for a partner
desirability of potential match probability of a person saying yes
28
Research support for Halo effect - Palmer and Peterson
attractive people were rated higher as being politically knowledgeable and competent
29
A03 - Individual differences in physical attractiveness
not everyone places importance on physical attractiveness
30
Filter theory- Kerchoff davies
there are a number of filters that are promenant during stages of partner selection
31
1st filter - proximity filter
most people we meet live in a close proximity to us
32
2nd filter - social variables
most people we come into contact with tend to be of a similar class , ethnicity and background
33
3rd filter - complementarity
the chances of a short term relationship becoming more long term means having traits your partner lacks
34
Research support filter theory - Winch
similarity of personality, interests and attitudes are typical in early stages
35
Research against filter theory- Levinger
said many studies failed to replicate findings that pointed to a filter theory
36
Research against filter theory - Anderson - emotional convergence
couples aren't originally similar but instead become similar overtime
37
Filter Theory A03 - Validity
dating apps reduced importance of social demography so theory lacks temporal validity
38
social exchange theory - economic theory
we form relationships if its mutually benefitting and the outcome is profitable
39
social exchange theory - Thiabut and Kelley
people try to maximise rewards and minimise costs - minmax principle
40
social exchange theory - comparison levels
based on memories and experiences with previous partner if a new one exceeds these then a relationship is formed
41
social exchange theory - stages -sampling
partners consider the possible costs and benefits in the new relationship, and compare it to other relationships available.
42
social exchange theory - stages-bargaining
partners exchange costs and benefits, they negotiate and identify what is the most profitable.
43
social exhange theory - stages-institutionalization
partners have established norms in terms of costs and benefits. They now settle down.
44
social exchange theory -stages - commitments
the relationship is stable and maintained by predictable exchange of rewards.
45
social exchange theory A03 Strengths
based on a social and economic approach comparison helps explain why people end a relationship for another one explains why people stay in abusive relationships as no alternative
46
social exchange theory A03 weakness
many of supporting studies are lab portrays selfishness reductionist as believes thats the only factor
47
social exchange theory A03 weakness
many of supporting studies are lab portrays selfishness reductionist as believes thats the only factor
48
equity theory
fairness is strived to be acheived in relationships
49
Walster - 4 principles of equity
profit - maximise rewards distribution - fairness achieved dissatisfaction - greater unfairness, more disatitsfied realingnment - can restore
50
Mary Utne - equity
survey of married couples and found the more equitable relationships were more satisfactory
51
Ryan - equity cultural differences
collectivist cultures are more satisfied with over benefitting individualistic cultures - most satified with equity
52
Benolevants and Entitleds - Individual differnces of equity
benovelnats will give more than they get entitleds beleive they deserve to overbenefit
53
Rustbelt investment model maintained , strengthened , weakened
relationships are maintained by commitmnet strengthened by satisfaction and investment weakened by alternatives
54
Rustbelt investment model - Quality of alternatives
atttactive alternatives - leave relationship no alternative - maintain relationship
55
Rustbelt investment model - intrinsic and extrinsic investment
intrinsic - investment of personal info extrinsic - investment of material things
56
Rustbelt investment model A03
explains why people stay in abusive relationships as no attractive alternative
57
Ducks phase model of relationship breakdown
inequitable relationships cause more dissatisfaction leading to potential breakdown
58
Ducks phase model of relationship breakdown - Intraphysic phase
partner realises disatisfaction and focuses on it in private - pros and cons
59
Ducks phase model of relationship breakdown - Dyadic phase
partner voices issues to partner either renews desires or break up
60
Ducks phase model of relationship breakdown - social phase
breakup is made public and friends pick sides
61
Ducks phase model of relationship breakdown - Grave dressing phase
creating a story to make you feel better about breakup
62
paralanguage
non verbal parts of communication such as volume , speed
63
Reduced cue theory of virtual relationships
CMC relationships are less effective as they lack cues such as physical appearance and emotional state
64
Hyperpersonal model of virtual relationships
online relationships can be more personal as disclosure happens more quickly however can end earlier as excitement and trust aren't matched
65
Boom and Bust - Virtual relationships
online we have more time to think of a reply so can selectively present ourselves - boosting intimacy
66
Absence of gating - virtual relationships
advantage of virtual relationships as they can develop more as physical attractiveness is less imprtant and personality is
67
Virtual relationships Cue A03
online other cues can be used such as timing and emojis
68
support for hyperpersonal model
found more disclosed online as questions are more direct whereas in person we do small talk
69
parasocial relationships
one sides relationship where someone obsesses over someone who doesn't know who they are
70
what increases likelihood of parasocial relationships
viewer is lonely , female
71
3 levels of parasocial relationships
entertainment - celeb is for gossip intense - intensive feelings towards celeb borderline pathalogical - uncontrollable behaviours and fantasies
72
Absorption addiction model - how parasocial relationships become abnormal
Absorption - defecits in own sense of personality so due to poor mental health
73
attatchment and parasocial relationships
insecure attatchment increases chance of a parasocial relationship as they have no demand
74
A03 of attachment and parasocial relationships
McCutchen found insecurely attached people were not more likely to form para social relationships

Pysch Paper 3 (4 decks)

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