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statistics > Reliability and Validity > Flashcards

Reliability and Validity Flashcards

1
Q

What is validity?

A

Measuring what it is supposed to measure.

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2
Q

Concurrent validity

A

Highly and positively correlated with another construct measuring the same thing.

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3
Q

Predictive validity

A

Predicts the behaviour it is theoretically linked to.

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4
Q

Construct validity

A

Apropriate for construct being measured based on operational definition.

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5
Q

Convergent validity

A

Positive correlation between measures of the same construct.

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6
Q

Difference between concurrent and convergent validity?

A

Concurrent refers to multiple constructs and convergent looks at two ways of measuring same construct.

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7
Q

Divergent validity

A

No relationship between measurements of different constructs.

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8
Q

External validity

A

Generalisability of findings.

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9
Q

4 threats to generalisability

A
  1. Selection Bias
  2. Volunteer Bias
  3. Participant characteristics
  4. Cross-species generalisations
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10
Q

What is the novelty effect?

A

Limiting generalisability due to novel setting. eg lab vs real world

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11
Q

What is the practice affect?

A

Participants improve through the repetition required in some studies.

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12
Q

What is the fatigure affect?

A

Results inaccurate as participants get tired after repetition in a study.

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13
Q

What is sensitisation?

A

An enhanced response to stimuli that has been presented repeatedly.

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14
Q

How does time of measurement affect a study?

A

Different time of day may illicit a different response eg. morning vs afternoon

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15
Q

What is internal validity?

A

Limited to experimental design - factors that allow for interpretation of results

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16
Q

What are confounding variables?

A

Other influences on a study that systematically influence results

17
Q

Extraneous variables

A

Environmental conditions that may or may not impact results.

18
Q

What are the threats to external and internal validity?

A

Experimenter bias
Demand characteristics
Participant reactivity - hawthorne affect

19
Q

What is reliability?

A

Consistency in a measurement

20
Q

Sources of errors

A

Observer
Environmental changes
Participant changes

21
Q

3 forms of external reliability

A
  1. Test-retest
  2. Parallel forms
  3. Inter-rater reliability
22
Q

What is parallel forms reliability?

A

Two different tests asking the same thing

23
Q

What is internal reliability?

A

Assessing the same construct using different measures

24
Q

Split half reliability

A

Splits the scale into 2 random sets and scores on both should be roughly the same.

25
Q

K-R Kuder-Richardson 20

A

Looks at all possible correlations and takes the average

26
Q

Cronbach’s Alpha

A

Looks at correlations between items in a measure

27
Q

Standardisation involves…..

A

Same delivery
same instructions
same scoring

statistics (3 decks)

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