Renaissance

Question 1

What do s the word renaissance mean in French?

Answer 1

Re-birth

Question 2

What period do history covers the renaissance?

Answer 2

1400-1600 approx.

Question 3

The renaissance is a period in history where there was said to be great change. What were these changes?

Answer 3

Rediscovery of classical learning which led to:

1. cultural flowering
2. Changes in how people thought about the world
3. Changes in their relationship with the world

Question 4

During the renaissance period new techniques were pioneered in lots of areas. Give some examples.

Answer 4

1. Architecture
2. Sculpture
3. Music
4. Writing
5. Philosophy

Question 5

Name two things that renaissance led to

Answer 5

1. Reformation

2. Changed the face of European Civilisation

Question 6

What was the reformation that renaissance helped to lead.

Answer 6

A division in Christianity created by Martin Luther. The division was Roman Catholics and Protestants.

Question 7

How did the renaissance help to led the reformation?

Answer 7

The renaissance encouraged people to look at the world with fresh eyes and question why things were done in a set way.

This was very true of religion where it was not clear why people agreed to pay 10% of their farm income, pay for christenings and burials, worship saints, have highly decorated churches and pay for indulgences.

Question 8

Name the 5 major city states of Renaissance Italy.

Answer 8

Milán
Florence
Papal States
Republic of Venice
Kingdom of Naples

Question 9

Name 2 major causes of the renaissance?

Answer 9

1. Increased trade
2. Better education
3. Humanism
4. Invention of the printing press

Question 10

Where did the increased trade occur?

Answer 10

1. In Europe (especially with Byzantium/Constantinopole)

2. Opening of new avenues of exploration e.g discovery of America; trade routes with China and India.

Question 11

Why did the increased trade cause the renaissance?

Answer 11

The increased trade developed a wealthy class of merchants in Italy with money to spend.

Question 12

What sorts of things did the wealthy merchants spend their money on?

Answer 12

Lavish building projects
Artwork
Sculptures

Question 13

How were Italian city states ruled during the Renaissance?

Answer 13

They were ruled by a council rather than a king.

Question 14

Who would compete for política dominance of a city state?

Answer 14

Rich families would compete for dominance of a city state.

Question 15

What were rich families known as in Italy?

Answer 15

Signori

Question 16

What was the relationship between different city states in Italy?

Answer 16

They competed with each other for political dominance.

Question 17

When cities are run by councils in Italy, what form of politics is this called?

Answer 17

Republican form of politics

Question 18

Give an example of one way in which Italian city states competed with each other during the renaissance?

Answer 18

They would sponsor artists

Question 19

What was the advantage of the city state sponsoring artists?

Answer 19

1. Led to a greater interest in art but the people in the city state
2. Led to success and wealth for the city state (known as the patron)
3. Led to success and wealth for the artist

Question 20

Why did an interest in education grow in the city states during the Renaissance period?

Answer 20

Because republican governments needed more educated men than the previous feudal monarchy who needed soldiers.

Question 21

The medieval method of education was replaced as an interest in education grew. What was the old medieval method of education called?

Answer 21

Scholasticism

Question 22

What is humanism?

Answer 22

Interest in books and art that was NOT all about Christianity

Question 23

What re-discovery did the humanists make during the renaissance period?

Answer 23

Learning and texts from the ancient Greeks and Romans

Question 24

Why did the capture of Constantinople by the Turks increase learning from texts and thus humanism?

Answer 24

Scholars from Constantinople escaped to Italy with ancient texts which then were read by the people in the city states.

Question 25

Where were the ancient text kept to make them accessible?

Answer 25

In the rich libraries that were created during this time

Question 26

What did humanists believe?

Answer 26

Humanists believed that man was limitless in his capacity for development.

Question 27

How did humanists believe than man comprehended the world?

Answer 27

Using reason and intellect rather than religious teachings and wisdom.

Question 28

How did the non-religious interests develop and why was this a danger to the Catholic Church?

Answer 28

The non-religious interest spread to art, paintings and politics. This was dangerous to the church as people began thinking about their world outside the teachings of tyre Roman Catholic Church.

Question 29

There also arose a network of European scholars, why did this help the renaissance?

Answer 29

Creation of universities of the time where new ideas were shared which led to changes in teaching and education

Question 30

Who invented the printing press in 1439?

Answer 30

Gutenberg

Question 31

How did the printing press help the Renaissance?

Answer 31

Enabled new ideas to spread more quickly and WIDELY

Question 32

Who brought the printing press to London, England?

Answer 32

William Caxton 1476

Question 33

Name 3 renaissance men.

Answer 33

1. Raphael 2. Michelangelo 3. Leonardo Da Vinci 4. Baise Pascaly 5. Francis Bacon 6. Thomas Hobbes Any three of the above would be fine

Question 34

Give definition of a renaissance man.

Answer 34

Born out of the humanist idea that man is limitless in his capacity to for development, whether it is physical, social or artistic.

Question 35

What was an renaissance man see to be by others?

Answer 35

Someone who was accomplished in many different areas an was brave, witty, courteous, civilised and learned.

Question 36

What were the key achievements (paintings) of Raphael?

Answer 36

1. Resurrection of Christ 1499-1509 2. St Sebastian 1501-1502 3. Holy family (Madonna with beardless Joseph) 1500-1505 4. Madonna del Granduca 1505 4. Madonna Terranuova 1504-1505 5. The Madonna of the pinks 1506 6. La Disputa 1509-1510 7. The school of Athens 1509-1510 8. St Margaret slaying the dragon 1518

Question 37

Give some biographical detail on Raphael.

Answer 37

``` Born 1483 Died 1520 Died from fever Not married but briefly engaged to Maria Bibbiena and had a long relationship with Margharita Luti He lived in Urbina, Rome He was a painter and an architect ```

Question 38

Name three additional interesting facts about Raphael

Answer 38

1. He was given the wrong cure to his fever 2. He learned to paint from his father 3. He was a rival to Michelangelo

Question 39

Why did Michelangelo and Raphael not get on?

Answer 39

Michelangelo felt that Raphael copied his works without his permission

Question 40

Who were the great artistic masters of the Renaissance period?

Answer 40

Raphael, Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period.

Question 41

Give some bibliographic details of Michelangelo.

Answer 41

Born 1475 Died 1564 6 brothers Died from nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) Born in Tuscany Lived most of his life in Bologna, Florence and Rome He was a sculptor, painter, architect and poet

Question 42

Name three interesting facts about Michelangelo

Answer 42

He has a stepfather, Roberto Bandinelli He painted himself into one of the scenes in the Sistine Chapel! The David was sculpted out of a single block of marble that was going to be thrown away!

Question 43

List some of a Michelangelo’s key achievements

Answer 43

Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel 1508-1512 Sculpture of David - 1504 A number of Pietas, which were sculptures - 1530- death The Last Judgement (painting covering the whole alter wall of the Sistine Chapel)- 1541 The creation of Adam - one of the painted ceiling panels in the Sistine Chapel - 1512 Doniondo - 1508

Question 44

Give some biographical details of Leonardo Da Vinci

Answer 44

Born 1452 Died 1519 Died due to a stroke (block of blood flow in the brain) He lived in Florence, Vinci, Amboise, Milan He had 21 siblings He was a painter, engineer, mathematician, musician, naturalist, philosopher, architect, sculptor.

Question 45

What were Da Vinci’s key works?

Answer 45

``` Mona Lisa (painting) 1517 The Last Supper (painting) 1490 Salvador Mundial (painting) 1500 The Vitruvius man - pencil drawing of the size proportions of the human body - 1490 Lady with an Ermine (painting) 1489-90 ```

Question 46

Give three interesting facts about Leonardo Da Vinci

Answer 46

He was self taught Vegetarian Many historians and scholars regard Leonardo as the "Universal Genius" or "Renaissance Man", an individual of "unquenchable curiosity" and "feverishly inventive imagination",and he is widely considered one of the most diversely talented individuals ever to have lived.