Renal Flashcards
(32 cards)
what do loop diuretics inhibit?
Na/K/2Cl in ascending limb
what do thiazide diuretics inhibit?
NaCl co-transporter in DCT
renal causes of haematuria
congenital (PCK)
trauma
infection (pyelo)
neoplasm
immune (GN)
extra-renal causes of haematuria
trauma (stones, catheter)
infection (cystitis, prostatitis)
neoplasm (bladder, prostate)
drugs (NSAIDs)
commonest causes of proteinuria
DM
minimal change
amyloidosis
SLE
other causes of proteinuria
HTN
ATN
UTI
WBC casts
glomerular haematuria
WBC casts
interstitial nephrotos
tubular casts
ATN
causes of isolated increase in urea
decrease flow
e.g. hypoperfusion, dehydration
causes of rise in urea and creatinine
decrease filtration e.g. renal failure
glomerulonephritis causes
idiopathic
immune (SLE, Goodpasture’s, vasculitis)
infection (HBV, HCV, Strep, HIV)
Drugs (gold, penicillamine)
Amyloid
causes of nephritic syndrome
post-strep
RPGN (anti-GBM, immune complex, pauci immune)
causes of nephrotic syndrome
minimal change
membranous
FSGS
Membranoproliferative
RIFLE classification of AKI
Stage 1
creatinine increase x1.5
dec GFR >25%
UO < 0.5ml/kg/h x6h
RIFLE classification of AKI
Stage 2
creatinine increase x2
dec GFR >50%
UO < 0.5ml/kg/h x12h
RIFLE classification of AKI
Stage 3
creatinine increase x3
dec GFR >75%
UO < 0.3ml/kg/h x24h or anuria x 12hr
what is acute interstitial nephritis? causes?
immune-mediated hypersensitivity
causes:
- drug hypersensitivty (NSAIDs, ABx)
- infection
- immune disorder
by what stage is chronic renal failure symptomatic?
4
stage 1 CRF GFR
> 90
Stage 2 CRF GFR
60-89
Stage 3a CRF GFR
45-59
Stage 3b CRF GFR
30-44
Stage 4 CRF GFR
16-29
