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Year 6 Cross Section > Extra bits > Flashcards

Extra bits Flashcards

(86 cards)

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1
Q

C5

A

elbow flexion
biceps reflex

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2
Q

C6

A

wrist extension
biceps reflex
supinator reflex

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3
Q

C7

A

elbow extension
triceps reflex

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4
Q

C8

A

middle finger flexion

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5
Q

T1

A

little finger abdution

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6
Q

L2

A

hip flexion

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7
Q

L3

A

knee extension

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8
Q

L4

A

ankle dorsiflexion

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9
Q

L5

A

big toe extension

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10
Q

S1

A

ankle plantar flexion

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11
Q

ankle reflex roots

A

S1/S2

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12
Q

knee jerk roots

A

L3/L4

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13
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

expressive aphasia
say words, lots of mistakes
comprehension and repetition impaired

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14
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A

receptive aphasia
speech is non-fluent, halting, laboured
comprehension is normal

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15
Q

function of kidney

A

Balance: water, electrolytes, acid base
Endocrine: EPO, Vit D, RAS, BP control
Excretion: waste, metabolites

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16
Q

LVH on ECG

A

R wave in V6 >25mm
R wave in V5/V6 + S wave in V1 >35mm

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17
Q

RVH on ECG

A

dominant R wave in V1
Deep S wave in V6

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18
Q

GCS voice

A

1: no response
2: sounds
3: words
4: confused
5: orientated

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19
Q

criteria for immediate CT spine

A

GCS <13 on initial assessment
Pt intubated
Ruling out needed (e.g. for surgery)
Clinical suspicion and age >65/focal neurology/high impact injury

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20
Q

T1DM insulin regimes

A

Basal bolus: OD long acting, quick at meals
Biphasic: mixed BD

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21
Q

T2DM insulin regime

A

normally OD long acting

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22
Q

SE of insulin

A

weight gain

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23
Q

cause of axillary (C5, C6) nerve damage

A

anterior shoulder dislocation

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24
Q

motor loss of axillary nerve damage

A

impaired arm abduction (deltoid)
impaired external rotation (teres minor)

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25
sensory loss of axillary nerve damage
regimental patch
26
cause of radial (C5-T1) nerve problem
axilla: saturday night palsy middle: fracture of humerus wrist: dec grip strength
27
cause of median (C5-T1) nerve problem
supracondylar fracture of humerus carpal tunnel
28
motor loss in median nerve problem
atrophy of thenar muscles poor flexion of wrist, thumb, index, middle finger
29
sensory loss in median nerve problem
thenar eminence palmar aspect of thumb, index, middle finger
30
cause of ulnar (C8-T1) problem
fracture of medial epicondyle cubital tunnel syndrome
31
motor loss in ulnar nerve problem
ulnar claw LLOAF muscles
32
sensory loss in ulnar nerve problem
palmar and dorsal aspects of little finger medical half of ring finger hypothenar eminence
33
what innervates suprascapular nerve
infraspinatus and supraspinatus
34
motor deficits in suprascapular nerve damage
limited adduction/abduction/ external rotation of arm shoulder instability (rotator cuff muscle paralysis)
35
femoral nerve (L2-L4) motor injury
impaired hip flexion impaired knee extension dec knee jerk
36
femoral nerve (L2-L4) sensory injury
anteriomedial thigh medial lower leg, knee, medial aspect of foot
37
common peroneal nerve (L4-S2) motor injury
impaired foot eversion, weak dorsiflexion foot drop
38
common peroneal nerve (L4-S2) sensory injury
lateral surface of lower leg dorsum of feet and toes
39
how is common peroneal nerve damaged
fracture of fibular head, compression
40
how is sciatic nerve injured
herniated disc post hip dislocation iatrogenic
41
sciatic nerve (L4-S3) motor injury
paralysis of hamstring = impaired knee flexion and hip adduction
42
sciatic nerve (L4-S3) sensory injury
lower leg and foot
43
tibial nerve (L4-S3) motor injury
can't invert foot
44
tibial nerve (L4-S3) sensory injury
loss over sole of foot
45
how is tibial nerve injured
trauma of knee/leg baker cyst
46
defect in optic nerve
ipsilateral monocular blindess
47
causes of a defect in optic nerve
optic neuritis amourosis fugax optic atrophy
48
defect in optic chiasm (central)
bitemporal hemianopia
49
causes of a central defect in optic chiasm
pituitary adenoma suprasellar aneurysm
50
defect in optic chiasm (lateral)
ipsilateral monocular nasal hemianopia
51
causes of a lateral defect in optic chiasm
distension of 3rd ventricle, posterior communicating artery aneurysm
52
defect in optic tract
contralateral homonymous hemianopia
53
causes of an optic tract defect
MCA stroke tumours
54
defect in optic radiation
contralateral homonymous quadrantopia
55
causes of a defect in optic radiation
MCA stroke tumour trauma
56
defect in occipital cortex
contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
57
causes of an occipital cortex defect
PCA stroke trauma
58
what is the visual pathway
retina optic nerve optic chiasm optic radiation visual centre in occipital lobe
59
ECG standard rate
25 mm/s
60
large and small square length
large = 5mm = 0.2 sec small = 0.04 sec
61
PR length
actually PQ length 3-5 small squares
62
QRS length
3 small squares
63
normal axis
positive in I, II, III
64
RAD
negative I, positive II and III
65
LAD
positive I, negative II and III
66
RBBB on ECG
V1 - RSR V6 - deep wide S wave
67
what is a bifasicular block?
RBBB and LAD
68
WPW on ECG
short PR interval delta wave
69
atrial hypertrophy
broad bifid p waves peaked p waves
70
RVH on ECG
V1 upright QRS (R wave exceeds height of S waves) RAD
71
PE ECG signs
peaked p waves RAD RBBB
72
LVH
R wave >25mm in V5/V6 deep S wave in V1
73
Q wave infarction
>1 small square width and >2mm depth = infarction
74
post MI changes
dominant R waves
75
limits of normal PR QRS QTc
PR = 200ms QRS = 120ms QTc = 480ms
76
lateral infarction leads
I, VL, V5-6
77
pacemaker 1st letter
chamber paced (A, V, D=dual)
78
pacemaker 2nd letter
chamber sensed (A, V, D)
79
pacemaker 3rd letter
response to a sensed event (A, V, D for pacing, 1 for pacemaker inhibition)
80
what to think about in PEA
4H's and 4T's
81
time limit of acute limb ischaemia
<14 days
82
PAD changes on exam
muscle atrophy nail changes absence pulses hair loss arterial ulers
83
investigations to do in PAD
stenting endarterecotmy grafts bypass (fem-pop, aorta-femoral)
84
classes of acute limb ischaemia
complete incomplete irreversible
85
before compression bandaging do what
ABPI to exclude arterial disease
86
peripheral vertigo vs central nystagmus
peripheral: nystagmus = horizontal central (cerebellum, brainstem): nystagmus = mutli-directional

Year 6 Cross Section (23 decks)

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