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Medicine > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

0
Q

WBC casts on UA

A

Acute pyelonephritis; acute TI nephritis

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1
Q

RBC casts on UA

A

Nephritic syndrome

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2
Q

Renal tubular cell cast/ granular cast:

A

ATN

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3
Q

Fatty cast

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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4
Q

Waxy cast

A

CRF

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5
Q

Spokes on a wheel; sponge like kidneys

A

ARPKD

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6
Q

Subepthelial humps on EM

A

Post strep GN

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7
Q

Subepithelial deposits with spike and dome appearance

A

Membranous GN

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8
Q

Estimated creatinine clearance formula

A

Cockcroft Gault formula

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9
Q

Normal human body fluid osmolality

A

280-295

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10
Q

Hyponatremia is almost always due to

A

AVp

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11
Q

Sodium should not be corrected >10mM within the 1st 24 hrs for patients with chronic hyponatremia due to increased risk for

A

Osmotic demyelination syndrome

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12
Q

Electrolyte abnormality in clay ingestion

A

Hypokalemia (<3.6)

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13
Q

Electrolyte abnormality in thyrotoxicosis or excessive caffeine intake

A

Hypokalemia due to cellular influx

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14
Q

Electrolye imbalance assoc with magnesium deficiency

A

Hypokalemia

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15
Q

Most common cause of hyperkalemia

A

Decreases renal excretion

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16
Q

Bicarbonate is given in severe metabolic acidosis except in

A

Hypercarbic acidosis

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17
Q

Classic lesion of secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

Osteotis fibrosarca cystica

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18
Q

Leading cause of morbidity and mortality in CKD patients

A

Cardiovascular disease

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19
Q

Anemia is universal in CKD

A

4

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20
Q

Severe efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction produces what effect

A

Donnan effect(decrease jn GFR due to increase in glomerular capillary oncotic pressure)

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21
Q

Autoimmune disease where antibodies are directed against a3 NC1 domain of collagen IV

A

Anti GBM disease

22
Q

May result from mutations affecting any of the five ion transport proteins in TAL

A

Bartter’s syndrome

23
Q

Bartter’s syndrome mimics what drug

A

Loop diuretics

24
Q

Due to mutations in the thiazide sensitiv Na Cl contransporter, NCCT in DCT

A

Gitetlman’s syndrome

25
Q

Gitetlman’s syndrome mimics what drug

A

Thiazide diuretics

26
Q

Mimics a state of aldosteroe EXCESS by the presence of early and severe hypertension, but plasma aldosterone and renin levels are low

A

Liddle’s syndrome

27
Q

Triad of lead nephropathy

A

Saturnine gout, hypertension, renal insufficiency

28
Q

ONION skinning; can be accompanied by glomerular collapse and hematuria

A

Scleroderma Renal crisis- most severe manifestation

29
Q

Most common protein in urine and produced in the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle

A

Uromodulin/Tamm Horsfall protein

30
Q

Hallmark of AKI

A

Azotemja

31
Q

Indication for therapy with ACE or ARBs;

A

protein excretion >300

32
Q

Thyroidization of the kideny occurs in what diseaae

A

Chronic GN, Tubulointerstitial nephritis, pyelonephritis

33
Q

Most common cause of GN throughout the world

A

Malaria and schistosomiasis

34
Q

Wire Loop apperance

A

Lupus nephritis

35
Q

Key finding in Neprhritic syndrome

A

RBC cast

36
Q

Most common form of GN worldwide

A

IgA nephropwthy

37
Q

More common in granulomatosis with polyangitis

A

Wegener’s

38
Q

More common in microscopic polyangitis or Churg strauss

A

Anti MPO Ab

39
Q

1st line therapy for minimal change disease

A

Prednisone

40
Q

Lesion in HIV associated nephropathy

A

Focal segmental GN

41
Q

Schistosoma species most commonly associated with clinical renal disease

A

Mansonj

42
Q

Lumpy bumby deposits of IgG and C3, subepitelial humps on electron microscopy

A

PSGN

43
Q

Most common adult cause of nephrotic syndrome

A

Membranous GN

44
Q

Spike and dome appearance

A

MGN

45
Q

Most common cause of death in CKD patiets

A

CAD/mi

46
Q

Complication of UTI in diabetic patients

A

Renal papillary necrosis

47
Q

Mc cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults

A

Membranous (why? It has many members)

48
Q

RTA type: inability to secrete H in DCT

A

I

49
Q

RTA type: Inability to reabsorb HCO3 in PCT

A

II

50
Q

RTA type: decreased aldosterone

A

IV

51
Q

Most sensitive test for SLE

A

Ana

52
Q

Number of criteria required for SLE

A

4/11

53
Q

Most common/severe form of lupus nephritis

A

Diffuse proliferatuve( why? Diffuse na, nag proliferate pa)

Medicine (11 decks)

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