Renal

Question 0

WBC casts on UA

Answer 0

Acute pyelonephritis; acute TI nephritis

Question 1

RBC casts on UA

Answer 1

Nephritic syndrome

Question 2

Renal tubular cell cast/ granular cast:

Answer 2

ATN

Question 3

Fatty cast

Answer 3

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 4

Waxy cast

Answer 4

CRF

Question 5

Spokes on a wheel; sponge like kidneys

Answer 5

ARPKD

Question 6

Subepthelial humps on EM

Answer 6

Post strep GN

Question 7

Subepithelial deposits with spike and dome appearance

Answer 7

Membranous GN

Question 8

Estimated creatinine clearance formula

Answer 8

Cockcroft Gault formula

Question 9

Normal human body fluid osmolality

Answer 9

280-295

Question 10

Hyponatremia is almost always due to

Answer 10

AVp

Question 11

Sodium should not be corrected >10mM within the 1st 24 hrs for patients with chronic hyponatremia due to increased risk for

Answer 11

Osmotic demyelination syndrome

Question 12

Electrolyte abnormality in clay ingestion

Answer 12

Hypokalemia (<3.6)

Question 13

Electrolyte abnormality in thyrotoxicosis or excessive caffeine intake

Answer 13

Hypokalemia due to cellular influx

Question 14

Electrolye imbalance assoc with magnesium deficiency

Answer 14

Hypokalemia

Question 15

Most common cause of hyperkalemia

Answer 15

Decreases renal excretion

Question 16

Bicarbonate is given in severe metabolic acidosis except in

Answer 16

Hypercarbic acidosis

Question 17

Classic lesion of secondary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 17

Osteotis fibrosarca cystica

Question 18

Leading cause of morbidity and mortality in CKD patients

Answer 18

Cardiovascular disease

Question 19

Anemia is universal in CKD

Answer 19

4

Question 20

Severe efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction produces what effect

Answer 20

Donnan effect(decrease jn GFR due to increase in glomerular capillary oncotic pressure)

Question 21

Autoimmune disease where antibodies are directed against a3 NC1 domain of collagen IV

Answer 21

Anti GBM disease

Question 22

May result from mutations affecting any of the five ion transport proteins in TAL

Answer 22

Bartter’s syndrome

Question 23

Bartter’s syndrome mimics what drug

Answer 23

Loop diuretics

Question 24

Due to mutations in the thiazide sensitiv Na Cl contransporter, NCCT in DCT

Answer 24

Gitetlman's syndrome

Question 25

Gitetlman's syndrome mimics what drug

Answer 25

Thiazide diuretics

Question 26

Mimics a state of aldosteroe EXCESS by the presence of early and severe hypertension, but plasma aldosterone and renin levels are low

Answer 26

Liddle's syndrome

Question 27

Triad of lead nephropathy

Answer 27

Saturnine gout, hypertension, renal insufficiency

Question 28

ONION skinning; can be accompanied by glomerular collapse and hematuria

Answer 28

Scleroderma Renal crisis- most severe manifestation

Question 29

Most common protein in urine and produced in the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle

Answer 29

Uromodulin/Tamm Horsfall protein

Question 30

Hallmark of AKI

Answer 30

Azotemja

Question 31

Indication for therapy with ACE or ARBs;

Answer 31

protein excretion >300

Question 32

Thyroidization of the kideny occurs in what diseaae

Answer 32

Chronic GN, Tubulointerstitial nephritis, pyelonephritis

Question 33

Most common cause of GN throughout the world

Answer 33

Malaria and schistosomiasis

Question 34

Wire Loop apperance

Answer 34

Lupus nephritis

Question 35

Key finding in Neprhritic syndrome

Answer 35

RBC cast

Question 36

Most common form of GN worldwide

Answer 36

IgA nephropwthy

Question 37

More common in granulomatosis with polyangitis

Answer 37

Wegener's

Question 38

More common in microscopic polyangitis or Churg strauss

Answer 38

Anti MPO Ab

Question 39

1st line therapy for minimal change disease

Answer 39

Prednisone

Question 40

Lesion in HIV associated nephropathy

Answer 40

Focal segmental GN

Question 41

Schistosoma species most commonly associated with clinical renal disease

Answer 41

Mansonj

Question 42

Lumpy bumby deposits of IgG and C3, subepitelial humps on electron microscopy

Answer 42

PSGN

Question 43

Most common adult cause of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 43

Membranous GN

Question 44

Spike and dome appearance

Answer 44

MGN

Question 45

Most common cause of death in CKD patiets

Answer 45

CAD/mi

Question 46

Complication of UTI in diabetic patients

Answer 46

Renal papillary necrosis

Question 47

Mc cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults

Answer 47

Membranous (why? It has many members)

Question 48

RTA type: inability to secrete H in DCT

Answer 48

I

Question 49

RTA type: Inability to reabsorb HCO3 in PCT

Answer 49

II

Question 50

RTA type: decreased aldosterone

Answer 50

IV

Question 51

Most sensitive test for SLE

Answer 51

Ana

Question 52

Number of criteria required for SLE

Answer 52

4/11

Question 53

Most common/severe form of lupus nephritis

Answer 53

Diffuse proliferatuve( why? Diffuse na, nag proliferate pa)