Renal

Question 0

Ion reg.

Answer 0

Na,K, Cl,Ca,phosphate

Question 1

Kidney functions

Answer 1

Ion reg.,pH,vol.,pressure,osmolarity,hormones,blood glucose,excretion of wastes

Question 2

Ph reg.

Answer 2

Excretes hydrogen and conserves bicarb

Question 3

Reg. of blood volume

Answer 3

Eliminates or conserves water

Question 4

Reg. of bp

Answer 4

Secretes renin and which activates renin angiotensin aldosterone pathway, causes increase in bp

Question 5

Hormones

Answer 5

1. )Releases calcitrol (vit. d). Regulates calcium homeostasis
   2) erythropoietin rbc production

Question 6

Reg. of glucose

Answer 6

Can use gluconeogenesis to produce glucose from glutamine.

Question 7

Excretion of waste

Answer 7

Uri. Acid. bilirubin, creatinine, drugs, toxins, plasma free hgb.

Question 8

Kidney size

Answer 8

10-12 cm. long, 5-7 cm. wide , 3cm thick. Weigh about 135-150 grams

Question 9

Renal capsule

Answer 9

Deepest layer. Smooth transparent layer. Continuous with outer cover of ureter. Provides barrier and protection from trauma. Helps maintain shape.

Question 10

Adipose capsule

Answer 10

Middles layer, fatty tissue surrounding renal capsule, protects kidney and holds it into place.

Question 11

Renal fascia

Answer 11

Dense irregular connective tissue, anchors kidney to abdominal walls and other structures.

Question 12

Renal hilum or hilus contains

Answer 12

Ureter, lymphatics, blood vessels, nerves

Question 13

Renal medulla

Answer 13

Several cone shaped pyramids. The wider end or base faces the renal cortex and the apex faces the hilum

Question 14

Renal cortex

Answer 14

Superficial and light red area. Smooth textured. Areas between medullas are part of cortex called columns

Question 15

Renal lobe

Answer 15

Renal pyramid plus half of column

Question 16

Parenchyma

Answer 16

Functional part of kidney. Functional part of kidney.

Question 17

Nephron

Answer 17

Functional unit of kidney. About 1 million per kidney

Question 18

Percentage of body mass.

Answer 18

.5%

Question 19

Percentage of CO

Answer 19

20-25% about 1200 ml/min.

Question 20

Renal artery divides into

Answer 20

Segmental arteries which supply a segment of kidney

Question 21

Segmental branch into

Answer 21

Interlobar arteries which enter parenchyma through columns and at the base interlobar arteries branch into renal medulla and renal cortex called accurate arteries.

Question 22

Accurate produce

Answer 22

Interlobular arteries and pass between renal lobules. They go to cortex and branch into afferent arterioles

Question 23

Each nephron receives

Answer 23

One afferent arteriole which divide into a tangled cap network called a glomerelus

Question 24

Glomerular arterioles unite to form

Answer 24

Efferent arterioles. Glomerular caps unique because they are between two arterioles

Question 25

Efferent arterioles further divide to form

Answer 25

Peritubular caps. Which surround tubular parts of nephron in cortex

Question 26

Vasa recta

Answer 26

Supply tubular parts of nephron in medulla

Question 27

Parts of nephron

Answer 27

Renal corpuscle Where plasma is filtered. Made up of glomerulus and glomerulus capsule. Renal tubule where filtered plasma passes through.proximal and distal convoluted tubule, and the loop of henle

Question 28

Cortical nephrons

Answer 28

80-85 percent of nephrons. peri tubular caps for absorption. Have short LOH

Question 29

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 29

In cortex next to medulla but have long LOH that is in medulla. Use peri tubular caps and vasa recta for absorption

Question 30

Flow through cortical nephron

Answer 30

Glomerular (bowman's) capsule > proximal convoluted tubule > descending limb of the loop of Henle , ascending limb of LOH > distal convoluted tubule > collecting duct > papillary duct

Question 31

Flow through juxtamedullary nephron

Answer 31

Bowman capsule > proximal convoluted tubule > descending limb of LOH > thin ascending limb of LOH > thick ascending loop of LOH, distal convoluted tubule > collecting duct > papillary duct

Question 32

Rest urinary system drains from

Answer 32

Nephron to papillary duct. They go to minor calyces.

Question 33

Minor calyces

Answer 33

Receive urine from one papilla. 8-18 per kidney.

Question 34

Major calyces

Answer 34

Receive urine from minor calyces. 2-3 per kidney. They go to the ureter than the urinary bladder.