Renal Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
Most common site of obstruction in fetus
A
ureteropelvic junction
2
Q
Causes of oligohydraminos
A
ARPKD
Obstructive uropathy
Bilateral renal agenesis
3
Q
Horse shoe kidney gets trapped under
A
Inferior mesenteric artery
4
Q
Associated with Horseshoe kidney
A
Ureteropelvic obstruction hydronephrosis renal stones infection Aneuploidy syndromes (Edwards, patau, down's Turner) renal cancer
5
Q
nonfunctional kidney with cysts and connective tissue (cartilage
A
Multicystic dysplastic kidney
6
Q
Y shaped bifid ureter
A
Duplex collecting duct
7
Q
Equation for renal clearance
A
(UxV)/P
8
Q
Equation for GFR
A
Inulin: (UxV)/P ~20%
9
Q
Equation for RPF
A
PAH: (UxV)/P
10
Q
Equation for RBF
A
RPF/(1-Hct)
11
Q
Equation for filtration fraction
A
GFR/RPF
12
Q
Deficiency of neutral amino acid transporters
A
Hartnup
13
Q
pellagra like symptoms
A
Hartnup (decreased tryptophan conversion to niacin
14
Q
Treatment for Hartnup
A
High protein diet and nicotinic acid
15
Q
increased excretion of nearly all amino acids, glucose, bicarbonate and phosphate from proximal renal tubule
A
Fanconi syndrome
16
Q
Causes of falcon syndrome
A
Hereditary ischemia multiple myeloma nephrotoxins lead poisoning
17
Q
Defect in Na/Cl/K cotransporter
A
Bartter Syndrome
18
Q
Defect in Na/Cl cotransporter
A
Gitelman syndrome
19
Q
Gain of function of Na reabsorption
A
Little syndrome
20
Q
Gain of function of Na reabsorption
A
Little syndrome
21
Q
U waves on ECG
A
hypokalemia
22
Q
tetany
seizures
GT prolongation
A
hypocalcemia
23
Q
Stones, bones, grains, thrones and psychiatric overtones
A
Hypercalcemia
24
Q
MUDPILES
A
Anion Gap Renal Acidosis Methanol Uric Acid DKA Propylene glycol Iron/Isoniazid Lactic Acidosis Ethylene glycol Salicylates
25
HARD ASS
```
Non-Anion gap renal acidosis
Hyperalimentation
Addisons
Renal tubular acidosis
Diarrhea
Acetazolamide
Spironolactone
Saline
```
26
Defect with intercalated cells secreting H+
Type 1 Renal tubular acidosis
27
Cause of type 1 RTA
Amphoteracin B
Analgesics
Anomalies(congenital)
28
Defect in bicarbonate reabsorption
Type II RTA
29
increased risk for hypophosphatemic rickets
Type II RTA
30
Causes of type II RTA
Fanconi syndrome
| CA inhibitors
31
Hypoaldosteronism
Type IV RTA
32
RBC casts
Glomerulonephritis
| malignant HTN
33
WBC Casts
Pylonephritis
transplant rejection
tubulointerstitial inflammation
34
Fatty Casts
Nephrotic syndrome
35
Granular casts
Acute tubular necrosis
36
Waxy casts
End stage renal disease
| Chronic renal failure
37
due to GBM disruption
Nephritic syndrome
38
due to podocyte disruption
Nephrotic syndrome
39
Starry sky on IF
PSGN
40
lumpy bumpy
PSGN (IgM, IgG and C3 deposition along mesangium and GBM)
41
Type III hypersensitivity reaction
PSGN
42
cola colored urine
PSGN
43
fibrin and plasma proteins in crescent formation
RPGN
44
Type II hypersensitivity
RPGN
45
linear IF
Goodpasture syndrome
46
Treatment of Goodpasture
emergent plasmapheresis
47
Treatment of Goodpasture
emergent plasmapheresis
48
Due to SLE membranproliferative disease
DPGN
49
most common cause of death in SLE patients
DPGN
50
Wire looping on Light microscopy
DPGN
51
mesangial proliferation
IgA nephropathy
52
Associated with Henoch-Schonlein purpura
IgA nephropathy
53
type 4 collagen defect
Alport syndrome
54
can't see, can't pee, can't hear a buzzing be
Alport syndrome
55
Basket weave on electron microscopy
Alport syndrome
56
tram track on PAS stain
MPGN type I
57
dense deposits
MPGN type II
58
secondary Hep B/C infection
MPGN type I
59
C3 nepritic factor present
MPGN tpye II
60
African americans/Hispanics
FSGS
61
effacement of foot processes on EM
Minimal change disease
62
diffuse capillary and GBM thickening
Membranous nephropathy
63
spike and dome appearance on EM
Membranous nephropathy
64
Kimmelstiel Wilson lesions
Diabetic glomerulonephropathy
65
Kimmelstiel Wilson lesions
Diabetic glomerulonephropathy
66
Kimmelstiel Wilson lesions
Diabetic glomerulonephropathy
67
Radiopaque
Calcium stones
| Ammonium/Magnesium stones
68
Causes of Oxalate crystal formation
ethylene glycol
Vit C abuse
hypocitraturia
malabsorption
69
Treatment of calcium stones
Hydration
citrate
thiazides
70
Coffin lid
Ammonium/magnesium phosphate crystals
71
struvite
Ammonium/magnesium phosphate crystals
72
urease positive bugs
Ammonium/magnesium phosphate crystals
73
staghorn calculi
Ammonium/magnesium phosphate crystals
| cysteine stones
74
Radilucent
Uric acid stones
| Cysteine stones
75
Rhomboid
uric acid stones
76
hyperuricemia
uric acid stones (TLS or gout)
77
Treatment of uric acid stones
Allopruinol
| alkalinize the urine
78
Hexagonal crystal
Cystine stone
79
Sodium cyanide nitroprusside test positive
Cystine stone
80
treatment of Cystine stone
alkalinize the urine
81
polygonal clear cells filled with accumulated lipids and carbohydrates
Renal cell carcinoma
82
spreads hematagenously
Renal cell carcinoma
83
Chromosome 3
vHL deletion
84
benign epithelial tumor
renal oncocytoma
85
Large eosinophilic cells with abundant mitochondria without perinuclear clearing
renal oncocytoma
86
chromosome 11
WT1 and WT2 leading to Wilm's tumor
87
Beck with Wiedemann syndrome
Wilms tumor
macroglossia
organomegaly
hemihypertrophy
88
Most common tumor of the urinary tract system
Transitional cell carcinoma
89
Risk factors for Transitional cell carcinoma
Phenacetin
Smoking
Aniline dyes
Cyclophosphamide
90
Schistosoma haematobium
Squamous cell carcinoma of bladder
91
Chronic cystitis
Squamous cell carcinoma of bladder
92
leukocyte esterase
Urinary tract infection
93
nitrites
UTI
94
Neutrophils infilitrate renal intersititium
Pyelonephritis
95
striated parenchymal enhancement on CT
Pyelonephritis
96
thyroidization of kidney
Chronic pyelonephritis
97
thyroidization of kidney
Chronic pyelonephritis
98
pyuria (eosinophils)
Drug induced interstitial nephritis
99
1-2 weeks after a drug
```
Diuretics
penicillin
PPI
sulfanomides
rifampin
```
100
months after taking drug
NSAIDS
101
Causes of acute tubular necrosis
```
ischemia
aminoglycosides
radiocontrast dye
lead
cisplatin
crush injury
hemoglobinuria
```
102
Sickle Cell disease
renal papillary necrosis
103
subperiosteal thinning of bones
renal osteodystrophy
104
PKD1
ADPKD chromosome 16
105
PKD2
ADPKD chromosome 4
106
berry aneurysms
ADPKD
107
MVP
ADPKD
108
benign hepatic cysts
ADPKD
109
congenital hepatic fibrosis
ARPKD
110
risk of renal cell carcinoma
complex renal cyst
