Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bmsc 208 > Renal 5 > Flashcards

Renal 5 Flashcards

1
Q

why do we focus on 4 variables

A

body is in constant flux
- ingest 2l of fluid containing 6-15g NaCl
- take in varying ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is mass balance for fluid and electrolyte balance

A

whatever comes in must be excreted if not needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how are fluids and electrolytes excreted

A

kidneys are primary route, small amounts in feces and sweat, lungs lose water and help remove H+, HCO3 by excreting CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

why are we concerned with homeostasis fo H20 and Na

A

determine ECF and osmolarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

why are we concerned with K+ balance

A

can cause problems with cardiac and muscle function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why are we concerned with Ca2+

A

involved in many processes in body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why are we concerned with H+ and HCO3

A

determine body pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why is maintaining osmolarity in the body important

A

water can cross most cell membranes freely
- can affect cell volume and most cells do not have mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what cells have independent mechanisms for maintaining cell volume

A

renal tubule cells
liver cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how is fluid and electrolyte balance an integrative process

A

involves the respiratory, cardiovascular and renal systems as well as behavioural responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what controls cardiovascular and respiratory systems

A

neural control and are rapid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what controls renal responses

A

endocrine and neuroendocrine control
slower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what can CV and resp. systems do before renal response

A

can kick in for temporary fix but renal will completely fix
- pathways overlap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what triggers homeostatic reflexes

A

volume receptors in atria and carotid and aortic baroreceptors respond to change in volume or bp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

if decrease in blood volume and BP what does CV system do

A

increase cardiac output and vasoconstriction to increase BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If decrease in blood volume and BP what does Behaviour response do

A

increases thirst which increase ECF and ICF volume and increases BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

if decrease in blood volume and BP what do kidneys do

A

conserve salt and water to minimize further volume loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

if increase blood volume and BP what does CV system do

A

decrease cardiac output and vasodilation to decrease BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

if increase in blood volume and BP what does kidneys do

A

excrete salts and H2O in urine, decreases ECF and ICF volume which decreases BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

water makes up how much of body weight

A

50-60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

water intake must match what

A

excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how much water in ICF

A

2/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how much water in ECF

A

1/3
Plasma (25%)
interstitial fluid (75%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what kind of mechanism is water loss in urine under normal conditions

A

regulated

25
Q

how is water gained

A

food and drink, metabolism

26
Q

how is water lost

A

skin, lungs, urine, feces

27
Q

what can the kidneys not do

A

can remove excess and conserve fluid but cannot replace what is lost

28
Q

what does volume loss result in

A

reduced GFR, volume loss in urine is reduced, reabsorption can be increased

29
Q

what must volume loss be replaced through

A

behavioural mechanisms

30
Q

what creates concentrated urine

A

renal medulla

31
Q

what is the osmolarity of urine a measure of

A

how much water is excreted by kidneys

32
Q

when removal of excess water is required what happens

A

kidneys produced large volume of dilute urine
- as low as 50mOsM

33
Q

if kidneys need to conserve water what do they do

A

low volume of concentrated urine
- up to 1200mOsM

34
Q

how do the kidneys control urine concentration

A

vary amounts of water and Na reabsorbed in distal nephron (distal tubule and collecting duct)

35
Q

how do kidneys produced dilute urine

A

distal nephron must reabsorb solute without allowing water to follow by osmosis (regulated aquaporins)

36
Q

how do kidneys produces concentrated urine

A

distal nephron must reabsorb water and little solute

37
Q

what happens in proximal tubule

A

only water reabsorbed (interstitial has lot of solute)

38
Q

what is osmolarity as further and further down medulla

A

more and more concentrated

39
Q

how do distal tubule and collecting duct alter their permeability to water

A

adding and removing water pore in apical membrane

40
Q

what are the aquaporins under direction of

A

posterior piuitary hormone vasopressin (AVP)

41
Q

what is another word for vasopressin

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

42
Q

with max vasopressin what occurs

A

collecting duct is freely permeable
- water leaves carried away by vasa recta
- urine is concentrated

43
Q

what happens with absence of vasopressin

A

collecting duct is impermeable to water and urine is dilute
- large volume urine and no rebsorption

44
Q

what is insertion of AQP2

A

graded, depends on amount of AVP

45
Q

what stimulates vasopressin secretion

A

blood volume, pressure, and osmolarity (most potent)

46
Q

How does circadian rythm affect AVP

A

at night it is increased, prevents peeing, increased reabsorption of H20

47
Q

what is osmolarity monitored by

A

osmoreceptor neurons

48
Q

what is low blood volume sensed by

A

atrial stretch receptors

49
Q

what is decreased BP sensed by

A

carotid and aortic baroreceptors

50
Q

what produces and releases AVP

A

magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNC’s)

51
Q

what are osmoreceptors

A

stretch sensitive neurons that increase firing rate as osmolarity increases

52
Q

what do the osmoreceptors signal to

A

to MNC’s where APs fire causing release of AVP containing vesicles

53
Q

what else signals to MNC’s

A

baro and atrial receptors

54
Q

where are vesicles containing AVP stores

A

posterior pituitary

55
Q

what is the countercurrent multiplier

A

the loop of henle

56
Q

what is necessary to create the concentration gradient for osmotic movement of water out of collecting duct

A

high osmolarity within the medullary interstitum

57
Q

what created hyperosmotic interstitium

A

countercurrent exchange systems
urea

58
Q

what is the countercurrent exchange system

A

loop of henle and vasa recta run in opposite directions and loop of henle close together

Bmsc 208 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions