Renal - Anatomy

Question 1

Label (A), (B), (C), (D), (E) and (F) on the kidney diagram shown.

Answer 1

(A) cortex; (B) medulla; (C) medullary pyramids with papillae; (D) pelvis; (E) ureter; (F) glomerulus

Question 2

Label (A), (B), (C), and (D) on the glomerulus diagram shown.

Answer 2

(A) efferent arteriole; (B) Bowman’s capsule (parietal layer); (C) podocytes (visceral layer); (D) mesangial cells

Question 3

Label (E), (F), (G), and (H) on the glomerulus diagram shown.

Answer 3

(E) basement membrane; (F) afferent arteriole; (G) macula densa; (H) distal renal tubule

Question 4

Label (A), (B), (C), (D), (E), and (F) on the nephron diagram shown.

Answer 4

(A) glomerulus; (B) Bowman’s capsule; (C) interlobular artery; (D) arcuate artery/vein; (E) interlobar artery/vein; (F) medulla

Question 5

Label (G), (H), (I), and (J) on the nephron diagram shown.

Answer 5

(G) collecting duct; (H) vasa recta; (I) renal artery/vein; (J) proximal and distal convoluted tubules

Question 6

Why is the left kidney rather than the right one harvested for transplantation?

Answer 6

Because the left kidney has a longer renal vein

Question 7

Ureters pass _____ (over/under) the uterine artery and the ductus deferens.

Answer 7

Under

(remember: “water [ureters] under the bridge [artery and ductus deferens]”)

Question 8

Renal sinus contains

Answer 8

hilum, vessels, perirenal fat, space encapsualted as renal fascia

Question 9

Renal papilla has…

Answer 9

the papillary duct = distal portion of collecting duct

Question 10

As blood goes through the glomerulus …

Answer 10

its filtered into filtrate, filtrate moves through nephron, at the end of the nephron is the collecting duct -once filtrate gets into papillary duct at renal papilla– point of no return between filtrate and urine

Question 11

Where are cortical arteries found in the kidney?

Answer 11

The greatest density is in the cortex, but they also can be found in the columns

Question 12

Cortical radiate arteries give rise to:

Answer 12

afferent arterioles, carrying blood into glomerulus

Question 13

Describe renal vein entrapment syndrome

Answer 13

The left renal vein is trapped between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta, compressing the left renal vein and preventing the return of blood. (The left renal vein gets blood from inferior phrenic, suprarenal, and gonada. Symptoms: hematuria, left flank pain, left testicle pain

Question 14

Blood supply to kidneys is controlled by:

Answer 14

Sympathetic nerves

Question 15

Describe Ureters

Answer 15

tripartite= abdominal, pelvic, intramural

The ureter crosses into the pelvis at the division between internal and external iliac artery, and it passes under uterine artery

Question 16

Lymphatics

Answer 16

common iliac nodes– lumbar nodes– cisterna chyli and thoracic duct -from bladder up

bladder drained by external and common iliac nodes and ureter by lumbar nodes and up into thoracic duct and CC

Question 17

What do the ureters pass under?

Answer 17

The uterine artery, or ductus deferens (“water under the bridge”)

Question 18

What procedure must be careful in not damaging the ureter and causing a ureteral obstruction or leak?

Answer 18

ligation of uterine vessels traveling in the cardinal ligament

Question 19

What is the 60-40-20 rule?

Answer 19

60% of total body water, 40% ICF, 20% ECF

Question 20

How is blood plasma volume measured?

Answer 20

by radiolabeled albumin

Question 21

How is extracellular blood volume measured?

Answer 21

by inulin

Question 22

The fenestrated capillary endothelium is responsible for what, in the glomerular filtration barrier?

Answer 22

size

Question 23

The fused basement membrane with heparan sulfate is responsible for what, in the glomerular filtration barrier?

Answer 23

negative charge barrier

Question 24

reabsorption = ?

Answer 24

filtered - excreted

Question 25

secretion =

Answer 25

excreted - filtered

Question 26

At what glucose concentration are all transporters in PCT fully saturated? (Tm)

Answer 26

375 mg/dL