renal and bladder tumors Flashcards
(26 cards)
what is the most common kidney tumor ?
renal cell caarcinoma
where does renal cell carcinoma arise from ?
arise from epithelial cells from proximal tubule cells
what are the risk factor associated with RCC ?
men
obesity
smokers
elderly
what is the classic triad for RCC ?
hematuria
palpable abdominal mass
flank pain
what are the extra renal manifestations of RCC ?
may cause renal vein thrombosis , and if it is on the left side will cause varicocele
what are the paraneoplastic associations of RCC ?
PTHrP - hypercalcemia
ectopic EPO - polycythemia
ACTH - cushing
Renin - hypertensive
what is the most common subtype of RCC and what is the mutation associated ?
MC is the clear cell type , with gene deletion on chromosome 3 , which is the von hippel lindau gene
what does renal cell carcinoma look like on gross pathology ?
golden yellow
what is the treatment for RCC ?
surgical resection in early disease
recombinant cytokines are also used ( IL 2) aldesleukin
what is the most common renal malignancy of children ?
wilms tumor
what is the pathology associated with wilms tumor ?
proliferation of metanephric blastema
what is the classic case associated with wilms tumor ?
a child between the age of 2-4 with a painless flank mass
what mutation is associated with wilms tumor ?
on chromosome 11 of the WT 1 gene
what are the syndromes associated with wilms tumor ?
1- WAGR syndrome , wilms , aniridia, genital anomalies, mental retardation
2- beckwith weidemann - macrosomia , hemihyperplasia, macroglossia, many embryo tumors
3- denny’s drash syndrome - ambigous genitalia and wilms tumor
what is the association with renal angiomyolipoma ?
seen in children with tuberous sclerosis
what is the most common type pf bladder cancer ?
transitional cell carcinoma
what is the classic case associated with transitional cell carcinoma ?
a smoker
without a painful flank mass
polycythemia
leh olna non painful ?
3ashan law painful nshok f renal cell carcinoma
what are the most common causative agents associated with transitional cell carcinoma ?
smoking
anlilline dyes ( found in hair dyes)
napthylamine
cyclophosphamides
what appearance on histo is associated with transitional cell carcinoma ?
papillary appearance
where is the damage when it comes yo transitional cell carcinoma ?
damage to the entire urothelium , with a field defect
what is the classic case associated with transitional cell carcinoma ?
older white male
a smoker
painless hematuria
no casts in the urine
what is the cause of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder ?
need chronic inflammation of the bladder :
multiple recurrent kidey stones
cystitis
UTI with schistosoma
what is the pathology associated with adenocarcinoma of the bladder ?
glandular proliferation in the bladder
what are the special cases associated with adenocarcinoma ?
urachal remanent
log history of cystitis
exstrophy of the bladder
