renal dz

Question 1

pre renal

Answer 1

before the kidneys, blocking blood flow to the glomerulus

Question 2

renal

Answer 2

nephron is malfunctioning

Question 3

postrenal

Answer 3

something preventing urine from leaving the kidney/bladder

Question 4

symptoms of cystitis

Answer 4

stanguria, pollakiuria, PUPD, oliguria

Question 5

what diagnostic tests are done to diagnose cystitis

Answer 5

UA, rads, ultrasound, c/s

Question 6

what does FIC stand for

Answer 6

feline idiopathic cystitis

Question 7

what does FLUTD stand for

Answer 7

feline lower urinary tract disease

Question 8

what does FUS stand for

Answer 8

feline urologic syndrome

Question 9

what species typically has sterile cystitis

Answer 9

feline

Question 10

what species typically has bacterial cystitis

Answer 10

canine

Question 11

4 categories FIC can be put into

Answer 11

ulcerative, nonulcerative, obstructive, nonobstructive

Question 12

hematuria

Answer 12

bloody urine

Question 13

stranguria

Answer 13

straining to urinate

Question 14

dysuria

Answer 14

difficulty urinating

Question 15

pollakiuria

Answer 15

frequent small amounts of urine

Question 16

anuira

Answer 16

absence of urination

Question 17

hills s/d

Answer 17

short term - struvites

Question 18

royal canin s/o

Answer 18

long term struvites and calcium oxalate

Question 19

hills w/d

Answer 19

long term struvites

Question 20

hills c/d

Answer 20

long term stuvites and calcium oxalate

Question 21

hills u/d

Answer 21

long term urates

Question 22

purina ur

Answer 22

long term struvites

Question 23

should cats with FIC be placed on antibiotics

Answer 23

no

Question 24

what should be used for pain control in cats with FIC

Answer 24

buprenex or torb

Question 25

should onsior be used in cats with FIC

Answer 25

no there has not been documented proof that is helps

Question 26

normal urine output

Answer 26

1-2 ml/kg/hr

Question 27

surgery that can be performed if a male feline continues to block or it a serious urethral tear occurs

Answer 27

perineal urethrostomy

Question 28

how do canine UTIs typically occur

Answer 28

ascending infection via the urethra

Question 29

why are rads recommended for dogs that have recurrent UTI

Answer 29

to show stones / uroliths

Question 30

if a M(I) dalmatian keeps returning to your clinic with UTI what should you be sure to check

Answer 30

prostate

Question 31

what is the medical term for bladder stones

Answer 31

urolith

Question 32

why do male animals tend to get urethral obstructions more frequently than females

Answer 32

longer more narrow urethra that has a curve

Question 33

how do you determine what kind of urinary stone an animal has

Answer 33

microscopic examination

Question 34

what is another name for struvite stones

Answer 34

magnesium / triple ammonia phosphate

Question 35

are struvite stones found in acidic or alkaline urine

Answer 35

alkaline

Question 36

If an owner elects to take their dog to surgery to remove bladder stones, what is the name for this procedure?

Answer 36

cystotomy

Question 37

What is the major concern with dietary dissolution for bladder stones?

Answer 37

urethral obsctruction

Question 38

Which type of urinary crystal/stone is associated with a high animal protein diet?

Answer 38

calcium oxalate

Question 39

what dog/breed is predisposed to urate crystals

Answer 39

dalmatians

Question 40

what is the diet used to treat urates

Answer 40

hills ud

Question 41

Why is hyperkalemia seen in patients with a urinary obstruction and why is it a major concern?

Answer 41

they are unable to excrete the extra potassium, can become bradycardic with or without arrhythmias

Question 42

Should you manually express the bladder of an obstructed animal? Why or why not?

Answer 42

no, can cause bladder rupture

Question 43

What are the 2 main blood tests that you can see elevated due to azotemia? What is the 3rd that is becoming more popular?

Answer 43

BUN creat and sdma

Question 44

Which type of renal failure can be treatable/has a better outcome

Answer 44

ARF

Question 45

List 3 causes for acute renal failure.

Answer 45

toxins polynephritis immune mediated conditions

Question 46

3 isotonic crystalloid

Answer 46

LRS, normosol, normal saline

Question 47

tx of choice for ARF

Answer 47

fluid diuresis

Question 48

Patients with CRF often have what common abnormality on CBC?

Answer 48

anemia

Question 49

Define urinary incontinence.

Answer 49

loss of voluntary control of micturition

Question 50

What is the generalized cause for urinary incontinence?

Answer 50

bladder tone is greater than that of the urethra

Question 51

Estrogen related incontinence is most commonly seen in:?

Answer 51

older spayed females and intact males

Question 52

What is benign prostatic hyperplasia, who do you see it in and what is the treatment?

Answer 52

intact male animas - prostate continues to grow throughout animals life which can impede urine flow/clamps down on urethra - castration is treatment