renal pharm

Question 1

epakatin is made from the shells of shrimp and crabs

Answer 1

true

Question 2

urinary acidifiers can be given to help with which type of crystal / urolith

Answer 2

struvite

Question 3

which type of diuretic would you give to a patient that was hit by a car and now has increased CSF pressure

Answer 3

osmotic diuretics

Question 4

hypernatermia can sometimes be seen with long term use of potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 4

false (hyperkalemia)

Question 5

where do loop diuretics exert their action within the nephron

Answer 5

ascending loop of henle

Question 6

____ are drugs used to remove excess extracellular fluid by increasing urine flow and sodium excretion

Answer 6

diuretics

Question 7

antidotal to the adverse reactions of cholinergic drugs

Answer 7

atropine

Question 8

example of a urinary alkalizer

Answer 8

potassium citrate

Question 9

drug family that can cause decreased GI motility and decreased gastric emptying, which can lead to decreased absorption of certain medications

Answer 9

anticholinergics

Question 10

anticholinergic drugs case muscle

Answer 10

relaxation

Question 11

SLUD stand for

Answer 11

salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation

Question 12

what produces catecholamines

Answer 12

adrenal gland

Question 13

list 3 catecholamines

Answer 13

epinephrine, norepi, dopamine

Question 14

what is the basic functional unit of the kidney

Answer 14

nephron

Question 15

what converts angiotensin into angiotensin 1

Answer 15

renin

Question 16

what converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

Answer 16

ACE

Question 17

define uremia

Answer 17

raised level of urea and other nitrogenous waste

Question 18

do uremic patients need medication alterations

Answer 18

lower dosages or nephrotoxic drugs

Question 19

does erythropoietin production increase or decrease with renal failure

Answer 19

decrease

Question 20

what are the 5 diuretic classes

Answer 20

loop, osmotic, thiazide, potassium sparing, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Question 21

how do diuretic drugs work

Answer 21

remove excess extracellular fluid by increasing urine flow and sodium excretion

Question 22

what is the antidote for cholinergic agonists

Answer 22

atropine

Question 23

what are the signs of cholinergic agonist toxicity

Answer 23

vomiting, defecation, dyspnea, tremors

Question 24

what is the medical term for increased blood potassium levels

Answer 24

hyperkalemia

Question 25

do anticholinergic drugs produce muscle relaxation or contraction

Answer 25

relaxation

Question 26

what is the adrenergic antagonist and what is it used for

Answer 26

prazosin - commonly used in FLUTD to reduce internal sphincter tone

Question 27

what is another name for epinephrine

Answer 27

adrenaline

Question 28

what is the beta adrenergic drug and why is it often given with a diuretic

Answer 28

propanolol - has a tendency to cause salt and water retention

Question 29

what do ace inhibitors do

Answer 29

block the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

Question 30

list the 3 ace inhibitors

Answer 30

benazepril, enalapril, lisinopril

Question 31

what is the potassium sparing diuretic

Answer 31

spironolactone

Question 32

what is the urinary acidifier and why would one be given

Answer 32

ammonium chloride - to help dissolve / prevent struvite crystals and uroliths

Question 33

what is the muscle relaxant that can be used to treat urinary incontinence in dogs

Answer 33

baclofen

Question 34

does baclofen have a wide or narrow margin of safety

Answer 34

narrow

Question 35

what is the TCA that can be used to treat urinary incontinence in both dogs and cats

Answer 35

imipramine (tofranil)

Question 36

how does Azodyl work

Answer 36

reduce azotemia from renal failure by causing enteric dialysis

Question 37

which group of diuretic can also be used to tx glaucoma

Answer 37

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors they reduce the IOP by reducing production of aqueous humor

Question 38

decreased blood sodium levels

Answer 38

hyponatremia

Question 39

what is the major loop diuretic

Answer 39

furosemide

Question 40

where do loop diuretics exert their action within the nephron

Answer 40

loop of henle

Question 41

hemonate filter is used during the administration of which diuretic and why

Answer 41

osmotic - they can re crystalize quickly

Question 42

which diuretic crosses the placental barrier

Answer 42

thiazide

Question 43

which diuretic class can be given to help reduce ICP

Answer 43

osmotic

Question 44

what TCA can be given to help tx the symptoms that can be associated with idiopathic flutd cats

Answer 44

prazosin

Question 45

what typeof drug is buscopan

Answer 45

anticholinergic