renal faliure

Question 1

1. Metabolic causes of chronic kidney failure::
   a. cystinosis
   b. gout
   c. hyperoxaluria
   d. Hypercalciuria

Answer 1

a/b

Question 2

2. In prerenal azotemia: Select one:
   a. sodium concentration in the urine is high
   b. there are granular casts in urine
   c. the urine/plasma creatinine ratio is low
   d. osmolarity of the urine is high
   e. osmolarity of the urine is low

Answer 2

d

Question 3

3. Causes of chronic kidney failure, except:
   a. Select one:
   b. Goodpasture syndrome
   c. polyarteritis nodosa
   d. SLE
   e. transfusion reaction
   f. Wegener granulomatosis

Answer 3

e

Question 4

4. Causes of chronic kidney failure, except: Select one:
   a. SLE
   b. Goodpasture syndrome
   c. transfusion reaction
   d. Wegener granulomatosis
   e. polyarteritis nodosa

Answer 4

c

Question 5

5. Causes of prerenal kidney failure, except: Select one:
   a. bacteriemia
   b. peritonitis
   c. transfusion reaction
   d. pulmonary embolism
   e. renovascular thrombosis

Answer 5

d

Question 6

6. Causes of renal parenchymal kidney failure:
   a. crush syndrome
   b. overdose of diuretics
   c. hepatorenal syndrome
   d. Schönlein–Henoch purpura

Answer 6

a/b/d

Question 7

7. Causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney failure:
   a. decreased renal synthesis of vitamin D
   b. metabolism of PTH is decreased in kidney
   c. increased phosphate excretion
   d. increased Ca++ absorption

Answer 7

a

Question 8

8. Congenital or hereditary causes of chronic kidney disease, except Select one:
   a. cryoglobulinemia
   b. Alport syndrome
   c. hyperoxaluria
   d. polycystic kidney
   e. Cystinosis

Answer 8

a

Question 9

9. Effect of tubular obstruction:
   a. GFR increases
   b. intratubular pressure increases
   c. perfusion of the afferent arteriole increases
   d. glomerular filtration pressure decreases

Answer 9

b/d

Question 10

10. Effects of PTH::
    a. calcification of tissues
    b. rise of cAMP activity
    c. increase of protein synthesis
    d. rise of intracellular Ca++

Answer 10

b

Question 11

11. . in acute tubular injury
    a. concentration of intracellular H+ rises
    b. concentration of intracellular K+ rises
    c. concentration of intracellular Ca++ rises
    d. concentration of intracellular Na+ rises

Answer 11

a/c/d

Question 12

12. In prerenal azotemia - Select one:
    a. osmolarity of the urine is low
    b. sodium concentration in the urine is high
    c. osmolarity of the urine is high
    d. the urine/plasma creatinine ratio is low
    e. there are granular casts in urine

Answer 12

c

Question 13

13. In the polyuric phase of chronic kidney disease:
    a. Rediffusion of urea increases in intact collecting tubules
    b. SNGFR decreases
    c. Osmotic concentration of the medulla decreases
    d. Osmotic load of distal tubules rises

Answer 13

c/d

Question 14

14. in uremia select one:
    a. EPO Level increases
    b. leptin level decreases
    c. vitamin D level increases
    d. phosphate level decreases
    e. bicarbonate level decreases

Answer 14

e

Question 15

15. in uremia select one:
    a. natriuretic peptide level rises
    b. glucagon level rises
    c. PTH level rises
    d. insulin level rises

Answer 15

c

Question 16

16. It is true for acute kidney failure Select one:
    a. It causes hypokalemia
    b. It causes metabolic acidosis
    c. The type without oliguria is more common
    d. Its major cause is the obstruction in the urinary tract
    e. The BUN level does not rise

Answer 16

b

Question 17

17. It is true for NGAL::
    a. it has low molecular weight
    b. it is an early marker of acute kidney failure
    c. its serum level rises only in renal failure
    d. can be measured only from the urine

Answer 17

b

Question 18

18. Metabolic causes of chronic kidney failure: :
    a. Cystinosis
    b. Hypercalciuria
    c. Gout
    d. Hyperocaluria

Answer 18

a/c

Question 19

19. principles of therapy in acute kidney failure:
    a. avoid vasconstrictors
    b. recovery of intravascular volume
    c. diuretics
    d. therapy of the primary disease

Answer 19

a/c

Question 20

20. . Which of the following statements are true for tubuloglomerular feedback :
    a. the activity of the JGA complex changes
    b. it is influenced by amount of NaCl passing into distal tubules
    c. if the filtration decreases, secretion of renin will decrease, too
    d. increased filtration is followed by constriction of the efferent arteriole

Answer 20

b

Question 21

21. . In the polyuric phase of chronic kidney disease::
    a. osmotic load of distal tubules rises
    b. osmotic concentration of the medulla decreases
    c. rediffusion of urea increases in intact collecting tubules
    d. SNGFR decreases

Answer 21

a/b

Question 22

22. . Causes of renal parenchymal kidney failure: :
    a. hepatorenal syndrome
    b. Schönlein–Henoch purpura
    c. crush syndrome
    d. overdose of diuretics

Answer 22

b/c

Question 23

23. . Effects of PTH: :
    a. rise of cAMP activity
    b. calcification of tissues
    c. rise of intracellular Ca++
    d. increase of protein synthesis

Answer 23

a/b

Question 24

24. . Causes of chronic kidney failure, except: Select one:
    a. Goodpasture syndrome
    b. SLE
    c. polyarteritis nodosa
    d. Wegener granulomatosis
    e. transfusion reaction

Answer 24

e

Question 25

25. . Which of the following statements are true for tubuloglomerular feedback : : a. if the filtration decreases, secretion of renin will decrease, too b. it is influenced by amount of NaCl passing into distal tubules c. the activity of the JGA complex changes d. increased filtration is followed by constriction of the efferent arteriole

Answer 25

b

Question 26

26. . It is true for acute kidney failure: Select one: a. its major cause is the obstruction in the urinary tract b. it causes metabolic acidosis c. the type without oliguria is more common d. it causes hypokalemia e. the BUN level does not rise

Answer 26

b

Question 27

27. . Stages of chronic kidney disease based on eGFR : a. severely reduced kidney function (stage 4) if 15 ml/min≤GFR≤ 30 ml/min b. in uremia (stage 5) GFR is lower than 30 ml/min c. mildly reduced kidney function (stage 2) if GFR lower than 60 ml/min d. mildly reduced kidney function (stage 2) if 60 ml/min≤GFR≤ 90 ml/min

Answer 27

a/d

Question 28

28. In the polyuric phase of chronic kidney disease: : a. osmotic concentration of the medulla decreases b. osmotic load of distal tubules rises c. rediffusion of urea increases in intact collecting tubules d. SNGFR decreases

Answer 28

a/b

Question 29

29. . Metabolic causes of chronic kidney failure:: a. hyperoxaluria b. gout c. hypercalciuria d. Cystinosis

Answer 29

b/d

Question 30

30. Causes of chronic kidney failure, except - Select one: a. Goodpasture syndrome b. SLE c. transfusion reaction d. polyarteritis nodosa e. Wegener granulomatosis

Answer 30

c

Question 31

31. Causes of renal parenchymal kidney failure: a. hepatorenal syndrome b. crush syndrome c. overdose of diuretics d. Schönlein–Henoch purpura

Answer 31

b/c/d

Question 32

32. . It is true for acute kidney failure: Select one: a. the BUN level does not rise b. the type without oliguria is more common c. its major cause is the obstruction in the urinary tract d. it causes hypokalemia e. it causes metabolic acidosis

Answer 32

e

Question 33

33. . Which of the following statements are true for tubuloglomerular feedback : a. if the filtration decreases, secretion of renin will decrease, too b. it is influenced by amount of NaCl passing into distal tubules c. the activity of the JGA complex changes d. increased filtration is followed by constriction of the efferent arteriole

Answer 33

b

Question 34

34. Causes of renal parenchymal kidney failure: a. Schönlein–Henoch purpura b. overdose of diuretics c. crush syndrome d. hepatorenal syndrome

Answer 34

b/c

Question 35

35. . Metabolic causes of chronic kidney failure : a. cystinosis b. hypercalciuria c. hyperoxaluria d. Gout

Answer 35

a/d

Question 36

36. . .In prerenal azotemia Select one: a. the urine/plasma creatinine ratio is low b. osmolarity of the urine is low c. osmolarity of the urine is high d. sodium concentration in the urine is high e. there are granular casts in urine

Answer 36

c

Question 37

37. Significant processes in the pathomechanism of acute kidney failure: : a. dilatation of efferent arteriole b. constriction of the afferent arteriole c. increased glomerular permeability d. decreased activation of RAAS

Answer 37

a/b

Question 38

38. . Causes of prerenal kidney failure, except Select one: a. pulmonary embolism b. bacteriemia c. peritonitis d. renovascular thrombosis e. transfusion reaction

Answer 38

a

Question 39

39. . It is true for NGAL: a. it has low molecular weight b. can be measured only from the urine c. its serum level rises only in renal failure d. it is an early marker of acute kidney failure

Answer 39

d

Question 40

40. . Significant processes in the pathomechanism of acute kidney failure: a. increased glomerular permeability b. dilatation of efferent arteriole c. decreased activation of RAAS d. constriction of the afferent arteriole

Answer 40

b/d

Question 41

41. significant processes in the pathomechanism of acute kidney failure: a. constriction of the afferent arteriole b. increased glomerular permeability c. decreased activation of RAAS d. dilation of efferent arteriole

Answer 41

a/d

Question 42

42. . true for acute kidney failure: Select one: a. it causes metabolic acidosis b. its major cause is the obstruction in the urinary tract c. the type without oliguria is more common d. it causes hypokalemia e. the BUN level does not rise

Answer 42

a

Question 43

43. . Tubular adaptation does not occur in excretion of . Select one: a. Phosphate b. Sodium ion c. Hydrogen ion d. Potassium ion e. Urea, creatinine

Answer 43

e

Question 44

44. . Which of the following are nephrotoxins: a. aminoglycosides b. melamine c. lead d. carbon tetrachloride

Answer 44

a/b/c/d

Question 45

Which of the following statements are true for causes of acute kidney failure: a. renal parenchymal 60-80% b. prerenal 20-40% c. renal parenchymal 30-40% d. postrenal 5% or less

Answer 45

c/d

Question 46

Which of the following statements are true for hyperfiltration: : a. it is a glomerular adaptation process b. has no role in progression of kidney failure c. moderates the decrease of total GFR d. glomerular hypertrophy occurs

Answer 46

a/d

Question 47

Which of the following statements are true for hyperfiltration: : a. it is a glomerular adaptation process b. has no role in progression of kidney failure c. moderates the decrease of total GFR d. glomerular hypertrophy occurs

Answer 47

d