Renal function

Question 1

Kidney’s function

Answer 1

1. Maintaining homeostasis
2. Excretion of waste products
3. Concerned with the maintenance
   of blood pressure and
   erythropoiesis

Question 2

Renal function:

Answer 2

A. Renal Blood Flow
B. Glomerular Filtration
C. Tubular Reabsorption
D. Tubular Secretion

Question 3

Contains pores and are referred to as fenestrated

Answer 3

Capillary wall membrane

Question 4

Consists of coil approximately 8 capillary lobes referred to as a capillary tuft

Answer 4

Glomerular filtration

Question 5

Thin membrane podocytes

Answer 5

Visceral layer of bowman’s capsule

Question 6

Endothelial capillaries

Answer 6

capillary wall membrane

Question 7

supplies blood to the
kidney.

Answer 7

renal artery

Question 8

Total renal blood flow

Answer 8

1200 ml/min

Question 9

Total renal plasma flow

Answer 9

600-700 ml/min

Question 10

glomerular function located within the

Answer 10

bowman’s capsule

Question 11

Necessary to overcome the opposition of pressure from the fluid from the bowman’s capsule and the oncotic pressure of unfiltered plasma protein

Answer 11

Hydrostatic pressure

Question 12

caused by size of afferent and efferent arteriole

Answer 12

presence of hydrostatic

Question 13

Dilation of the afferent arterioles and construction of the efferent arterioles

Answer 13

BP drops

Question 14

Caused by size afferent and efferent arteriole

Answer 14

Presence of hydrostatic pressure

Question 15

restriction of large molecules occurs as the filtrate passes

Answer 15

Basement membrane (basal lamina)

Question 16

regulates the flow of blood to and within the glomerulus.

Answer 16

RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System)

Question 17

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System is controlled by

Answer 17

JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS

Question 18

FUNCTIONS OF ANGIOTENSIN II

Answer 18

1. Vasodilation of afferent & vasoconstriction of efferent arteriole.
2. Stimulate Sodium reabsorption in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT).
3. Release of the hormone Aldosterone from adrenal cortex.
4. Release of Antidiuretic hormone from hypothalamus

Question 19

Substance to be reabsorbed must combine to a carrier protein contained in
the membranes of the renal tubular cells

Answer 19

active transport

Question 20

plasma concentration at which active transport stops

Answer 20

renal threshold

Question 21

The body cannot lose 120 mL of water-containing essential substances every minute

Answer 21

tubular reabsorption

Question 22

movement of molecules across membrane as a result of
differences in their concentration or electrical potential.

Answer 22

passive transport

Question 23

location of Glucose
Amino acids
Salts

Answer 23

Proximal Convoluted
Tubule

Question 24

location of Sodium

Answer 24

Proximal and distal convoluted tubule

Question 25

The final concentration of the filtrate through the reabsorption of water begins in the late distal convoluted tubule and continues in the collecting duct.

Answer 25

collecting duct concentration

Question 26

determined by the state of body hydration.

Answer 26

vasopressin

Question 26

2 MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF TUBULAR SECRETION

Answer 26

-Elimination of waste products not filtered by the glomerulus -Regulation of acid- base balance

Question 27

ACTS AS BUFFER TO THE BLOOD MAINTAINING NORMAL pH

Answer 27

Bicarbonate

Question 28

The standard tests used to measure the filtering capacity of the glomeruli

Answer 28

clearance test

Question 29

Not routinely done because of the necessity for continuous IV infusion

Answer 29

INULIN CLEARANCE TEST

Question 30

STANDARD METHOD for GFR

Answer 30

Urea clearance

Question 31

specific test example

Answer 31

- fishberg test - mosenthal test

Question 32

Patients were deprived of fluids for 24 hours prior to measuring specific gravity

Answer 32

fishberg test

Question 33

Compare the volume and specific gravity of urine of day and night urine samples

Answer 33

mosenthal test

Question 34

PRINCIPLES OF FREEZING POINT OSMOMETERS

Answer 34

Measurement of freezing point depression

Question 35

PRINCIPLES OF VAPOR PRESSURE OSMOMETERS

Answer 35

Measurement of dew point

Question 36

Tests to measure tubular secretion of nonfiltered substances and renal blood flow

Answer 36

TUBULAR SECRETION & RENAL BLOOD FLOW TEST

Question 37

This condition may result from impaired tubular secretion of hydrogen ions associated with the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 37

RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS

Question 38

Process of renal blood flow

Answer 38

RENAL ARTERY > AFFERENT ARTERIOLE > GLOMERULUS > EFFERENT ARTERIOLE > PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES > VASA RECTA > RENAL VEIN

Question 39

Factors influence the actual filtration process

Answer 39

- cellular structutr of capillary walls - hydrostatic and oncotic pressure - feedback mechanisms of the reninangiotensin aldosterone system

Question 40

This system respond to changes in blood pressure and plasma sodium content

Answer 40

RAAS